Archives for category: Freedom of Speech

Rachel Rich is a retired English teacher who has taken a deep interest in standardized testing. She wrote the following review of one of the two federally subsidized tests. Normally, I would tell you which test she has analyzed, but I have recently become acutely aware that the testing corporations hire security agencies to scan the Internet, looking for blogs and tweets that dare to mention their name. If you mention their name, the testing corporation goes to the Internet Service Provider and complains that you violated their copyright. The ISP then deletes your post or tweet. So I won’t tell you which national test she is writing about. I will just give you a hint: it is not the one that is CCRAP spelled backwards. It is the other one. (Let’s see if they miss this one.)

 

Rachel Rich writes:

 

S——r B—–ed Exposed

 

The online Third Grade SB Practice Test is the tip of the testing iceberg, but presumably made of the same basic material as the larger, submerged test. The “real” test is so hidden from view that you, other parents, teachers and even the students themselves are not even allowed to whisper about it, let alone criticize. Given that other standardized tests publish their questions once the test is over, the SB never-ending code of silence is unprecedented, probably to hide flaws. If the public mini-version is any indication, the final is a sloppily written, tricky, grossly unfair mess.

The current level of censorship surrounding SB would make Nixon proud. The test originators, Pearson, CTB/McGraw-Hill, and AIR, unleash internet spies like TRAXX and Caveon who set webcrawlers after key words like test names. Next, human spies dig into the Facebook, Twitter and other accounts of any griping parents, teachers, bloggers and especially children!

 

 

SB even sends out annual flyers to school administrators detailing how to spy on kids’ Facebook and Twitter accounts. Principals are supposed to suspend kids as young as eight simply for telling their parents there was a question about the Wizard of Oz on a Common Core test. Teachers are forced to sign gag orders or face firing for discussing the uber-test even in the most general terms. And right this very minute testing companies are forcing the removal of internet discussions under threat of lawsuits. Censorship is now as common as head lice in kindergarten.

 
Now let’s find out what they’re hiding:

 

The Language Arts Third Grade SB Practice Test is twenty pages long! Since it’s supposed to take an hour, we can easily calculate the length of the final. Officially third graders need at least seven hours to finish the math and English portions combined, meaning the real deal is a grueling 140 pages long!!! Tenth graders are assigned at least 8 1/2 hours, which would mean their tests are about 170 pages long! Endurance is now as key as knowledge. One kid told me afterwards his fingers hurt.

The test opens with a colossal three page reading passage totaling 580 words. That is triple the length of passages in other tests, a length only suitable for in-class discussion, not a cold read. Still the test repeats this flaw with similar, lengthy, redundant passages. Such a quantum leap in expectations renders all comparisons with other tests useless, meaning it can’t be proven to be a legitimate measure.

Previous tests were only 60-120 minutes long, while today’s third graders must sit still for 90 minute intervals totaling a minimum of seven hours for English and math combined. This minimum doesn’t include time needed for individual log-in, bathroom breaks, computer crashes, or SB transmission snafus. Already heaped with challenges, special education students need up to fifteen hours to finish, though knowing in advance they’ll probably fail. Even recent immigrants who can’t read English are required to simply sit and stare at the screen until the clock runs out. Test makers call that rigor, but it’s really just plain mean and stupid.

Sophisticated computer skills are required of kids, even though the makers don’t have their own act together. I had to click back and forth between passage and questions, which sent my answers into a black hole, as does pressing the tab button during typing. Eight-year-olds are also expected to highlight, drag and type fluently, which most cannot. I wanted to throw myself off the front porch as a martyr for the millions biting their nails and pulling out their eyebrows in sheer frustration.

Question 1: “Click the two details that best support this conclusion.” Kids are faced with choices twenty words long, although adult tests typically warm up with soft pitches, like choosing from short phrases.

 

SB, way to destroy kids’ confidence right out of the gate!

Questions 2, 11, 13, 27 have a Part A/Part B format. Question 2: “This question has two parts. First, answer part A. Then, answer part B.” This format is unfamiliar to adults, let alone eight-year-olds. Since these quirks don’t exist on the ACT, ASVAB, or Meyers-Briggs, etc., they negate the Smarter Balanced claim that they prepare K-12 students for future tests. Equally befuddling, the fifth choice for Question 2 Part B is on the next page and since you can only open one page at a time, even I, an adult, overlooked it.

 
So why such trickiness? Teacher, teacher, I know! The more students SB fails, the more test prep they sell! As soon as last year’s testing month was over, SB solicited teachers through our district email to purchase out of their own pockets tutorials for improving student scores. In some districts they even use school contact lists to advertise directly to parents! These profits from the private sector are on top of their profits from federal and state funds. In 2012 alone, a year of limited pilot testing, the industry pocketed a cool $8.1 billion. No one is saying what today’s total is, probably for fear of alerting the public to this gigantic waste of tax dollars.

 
Question 3: “Arrange the events from the passage in the order in which they happen. Click on the sentences to drag them into the correct locations.” Many eight-year-olds don’t have the experience, let alone the dexterity to do this. Consequently they fail not from lack of knowledge, but from a lack of intelligent tests.

 
Question 5: “What inference can be made about the author’s message about animals? Include information from the passage to support your answer.” Also, Question 12: “What inference can be made about why the author includes the backpack in the passage?” Where do I begin? Little children’s brains can’t “infer” anything, because they still think only literally. It’s developmentally impossible for them to read between the lines or think figuratively. To say, “The girl has a chip on her shoulder” merely signals them to look for something on her shoulder, not that she’s angry. Teaching inference at this age is as unrealistic as trying to potty train every single one-year-old. Sure, a few precocious babies might succeed, but the rest will be driven batty.

 
These little kids are even required to type their answers! You have to be living in la-la land to expect fluent keyboarding at the age of eight. According to the US Census, a whopping 16% of students lack the home computers or hand-held devices necessary for practice, and most schools don’t have enough computers for all. Ironically, exploding testing expenditures have also forced most districts to drop keyboarding courses.

 
This boondoggle isn’t age appropriate precisely because zero elementary specialists were allowed to help with its design. Instead, reps from the College Board, ACT and Aspire idiotically “backward mapped” expectations for each age starting with college entrance exams and assuming every child should attend college. No Child Left Behind agreed, but who do you think set that agenda for US Department of Education?

 
No joke, SB requires a B to pass!!! That’s to align with a B requirement for college entrance. But as kids didn’t we all need only a C to pass? Even reading levels are now one full year higher by graduation. No wonder only about a third pass. Meanwhile, doesn’t requiring all students be college eligible mean they all must be above average? Hard to believe intelligent adults fall for this. It’s oxymoronic!

 
Question 10: “The author uses a word that means placed one on top of another.”

 

Punctuation rules require quotation marks around “placed one on top of another”. Rushing to publication in just nine months, test makers clearly ignored the thousands of pleas for corrections, proving once again that they’re not about quality, but about profits. Investment sites squealed with delight over the chance to stuff $2.2 trillion dollars in public education funds into their private pockets.

 
Question 16 has a typographical error: “Move the groups of sentences so that the group that makes the bestbeginning (sic) comes first.” Even English majors don’t agree on the correct sequence for this story, but they do agree SB should have hired a copy editor. I actually heard one test designer complain that since corrections impact multiple contractors, from software to print, they’re just too expensive to make. That’s because they’re beholden to shareholders, not students.

 
Question 21’s phrasing is light years above grade level: “Which of the following sentences has an error in grammar usage?” Seriously? Why not, “Which sentence uses incorrect grammar?” Strangely, teachers aren’t even allowed to help kids understand these obtuse questions, but instead must parrot “Do your best.” Kids get so stressed out not knowing what they’re supposed to do that SB manuals actually detail how to handle crying, vomiting and peeing pants. You wouldn’t believe how many parents and teachers tell me this is actually happening to their own students! It’s epidemic.

 
Question 23: Who in their right mind gives a listening test about The International Space Station to third graders? On what planet do little ones have either the background or the interest? It’s also grossly unfair because they don’t study this until the fourth grade. Besides, not everyone is a white, suburban, middle-class kid whose school and parents can afford trips to the planetarium.

 
No surprise, SB has never passed any validity studies that compare it with other measures such as the NAEP, PISA, SAT, ACT, high school or college graduation rates. In fact, they’ve quietly issued disclaimers. If the test did have validity, they’d be crowing it from the rooftops. But why should they bother when they’ve already pocketed the cash?

 
Now would someone please blow the lid off the real test, preferably before quitting or retiring?!

 
Rachel Rich

Jonathan Pelto recounts here the story of PARCC’s efforts to stifle hundreds of bloggers.

 

Can a multinational corporation stifle free speech?

 

Can teachers and parents speak about and criticize the tests that children are required to take?

 

Can Pearson/PARCC hide behind copyright law to prevent any open discussion of the quality and developmental appropriateness of the tests they create?

 

When a conscientious teacher writes that the test her students took in fourth grade were written in language appropriate for sixth and seventh grade, isn’t this information that parents and the public need to know?

 

Is the copyright law being used to hide the shoddy quality of Pearson’s work?

 

Does the “fair use doctrine,” which permits limited quoting from copyrighted material, pertain to standardized tests?

 

Is it possible to give a test to millions of children and expect that none of the questions will be discussed at home, on social media, or in teachers’ lounges?

 

 

The executives at PARCC continue to delete Tweets (and possibly my post about the deletions, which disappeared in the middle of the night of Friday the 13, between 10:46 pm, when it was posted, and 4:45 am, when a reader informed me that it was gone).

 

Julian Vasquez Heilig decided that it would be a useful exercise for his education policy students to study these issues. He posts the disputed posts and challenges his students to examine the issues

 

Here is his assignment.

 

The question:

 

Is the analysis of PARCC tests fair use for research and scholarly purposes?

 

Over the past few days, the leadership of the PARCC Common Core consortium moved forcefully to threaten bloggers with legal action who dared to describe the contents of its fourth grade tests. Even tweets were taken down, based on PARCC’s complaints to Twitter. One of my own posts was hacked late Friday night.

 

 

One of the board members of the Network For Public Education, Bertis Downs, is an attorney who represents the rock group REM and deals often with issues of copyright and intellectual property. He wrote to Laura Slover of PARCC to tell her that the testing company’s position had little merit. Most of what she objected to was descriptions of the test questions, which is not copyrighted. There is an issue as to whether the copyrighted material is subject to the fair use doctrine, which permits the reprinting of a limited amount of copyrighted material (up to 300 words) without violating the copright.

 

 

As the hacking and bullying and removal of innocuous tweets continued, we realized that we are not powerless. Leonie Haimson, another  board member of NPE, posted the original post that PARCC objected to on her blog. That post was sent to NPE’s Education Bloggers Network, which consists of more than 300 bloggers. (Jonathan Pelto administers the Education Bloggers Network; contact him if you blog and want to join. He can be reached at jonpelto@gmail.com.)

 

 

Instead of being suppressed or redacted, the post on Celia Oyler’s blog is getting wide distribution.

 

 

They have the money. We have the numbers. There is power in our numbers.

 

 

A few weeks ago, Troy LaRaviere was removed as principal of Blaine Elementary School by officials at the Chicago Public Schools headquarters. He had previously been warned about his boldness in criticizing the school system and Mayor Rahm Emanuel. LaRaviere openly campaigned for Emanuel’s opponent, Chuy Garcia, and for Bernie Sanders.

 

In this post, LaRaviere explains how and why he was removed from his school.

 

It reads like the latest issue of “True Detective.”

 

It exemplifies the thuggery that is often called “the Chicago Way.”

The outspoken elementary school principal Troy LaRaviere was summarily removed from his position, without explanation. He endorsed Chuy Garcia against Rahm Emanuel in the last election. He encouraged his students to opt out. He is principled and fearless. He is an outstanding educator but that was not good enough in a city with mayoral control.

 

Fred Klonsky comments here on LaRaviere’s abrupt ouster.

 

 

Steven Singer asks the question that is the title of this post. It is not a simple matter. Many people fear that teachers with strong opinions will try to indoctrinate students with their views. Some think that teachers should have no opinions. After all, any strongly held views will annoy someone. One of the strongest argument for tenure (i.e., due process) is that teachers cannot teach if they may be fired capriciously because a parent or another teacher or the principal disagrees with their views.

 

The bottom line question is: should teachers have freedom of speech? Are there limits to that freedom? Singer argues yes, that teachers should have strong opinions, but yes, there are limits to that freedom. Students do not come to class to learn the teacher’s views, but to learn how to challenge the teacher’s views and to question the conventional wisdom. They are learning how to think for themselves, not to mouth whatever they are told.

 

Read on and see how Singer wrestles with these issues:

 
I am an opinionated person. I am also a public school teacher.

Those two things should not be mutually exclusive.

You should not have to give up the one to be able to do the other.

Teachers should not have to relinquish their judgment in order to run an effective classroom. In fact, you might expect good judgment to be a prerequisite to doing the job well.

Yet it seems many people disagree. They like their teachers tame, docile and opinion-free.

That’s just not me.

Now don’t get me wrong. I’m not saying teachers should instruct their students to think just like them. I’m not saying they should indoctrinate or unduly influence the young people in their care.

Just the opposite. They should spur their students to think for themselves. They should teach the young how to entertain an idea without immediately accepting it.

But they have no business telling students, “This is what I believe.” They have no business misusing their authority to make their views seem normative.

So I agree that teachers should be careful about expressing their opinions in the classroom. The problem comes after the school day is through.

When a teacher goes home, all bets are off. When a teacher is not in front of a class of impressionable children, he or she should be afforded the same rights and privileges of any other citizen – and that includes the right to form an opinion and express it publicly.

I am an educator. Hear me roar.

 

And yet, as a blogger, Steven receives responses from people who ask why he, a teacher, has such strong views! They imply, how dare you!

 

 

 

From time to time, a blogger or a commenter compares something to Nazism or to Hitler. As sure as night follows day, there will be outraged comments saying that any invocation of Nazis and Hitler is strictly forbidden, intolerable, unacceptable, verboten.

 

I disagree. I wrote a book in 2003 called The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn, about efforts to censor what appears in textbooks and on tests. Everybody has some words that they want to ban, some topic they find execrable, some illustrations they can’t abide, some depictions that they consider stereotypes. The publishers are so fearful of controversy that they have written guidelines with long lists of words, topics, and illustrations that may not appear in textbooks or on tests. I learned about these guidelines when I was on the National Assessment Governing Board. That is when I discovered that every education publisher runs their material through a “bias and sensitivity review panel” to make sure that nothing appears that anyone might object to. You will never see an owl mentioned on a standardized test or witches or evolution or stories with disobedient children or any reference to a landlord or a cowboy. You will never see elderly people with a cane or sitting in a rocker. You will never see a mom making dinner. Instead, you might see a drawing of grandpa on the roof nailing in shingles and a female truck driver. You will see no reference to poverty or cancer or roaches or rats or nuclear war or suicide or abortion. No rainbow flags. No anatomically correct cows. Everyone is happy. Everything has been carefully scrubbed to avoid offending anyone, any group.

 

I don’t like censorship. It is true that I don’t permit certain well-known curse words on this blog, but I am not imposing my views on anyone else.

 

As for Hitler and Nazis, please see Mel Brooks’ movie “The Producers.” Mel Brooks said that the best way to deal with Hitler today is to laugh at him, to make him a fool, and the movie indeed made him into a butt of Brooks’ jokes. I also suggest the classic comedy “To Be or Not to Be,” with Jack Benny, Carole Lombard, and Robert Stack; it was made in 1942 when Hitler was no joke. But they made him into a laughing stock. The movie was remade in 1983 by Mel Brooks and his wife Anne Bancroft. Brooks turned it into a fabulous musical in 2001, which won multiple awards and was turned into another movie. Brooks told the German publication Spiegel that comedy robs Hitler of his posthumous power. Those who are afraid to speak his name confer power on him.

 

To those who say, “You can’t say that,” I say “Yes, you can, and so can I.” If you are afraid to use Hitler and Nazis as metaphors, that is your choice. It is not mine. If Jack Benny could do it in 1942, if Mel Brooks could do it in 1968 (To Be or Not to Be) and again in 1983 (The Producers), well, I say, let freedom of speech ring.

Audrey Beardsley, a professor at Arizona State University, recently visited parents, educators, students, and state leaders in New Mexico. There she learned that the state had adopted gag orders for teachers, forbidding them from discussing or expressing an opinion about the state tests (PARCC).

 

She writes:

 

 

Under the “leadership” of Hanna Skandera — former Florida Deputy Commissioner of Education under former Governor Jeb Bush and head of the New Mexico Public Education Department — teachers throughout the state are being silenced.

 

New Mexico now requires teachers to sign a contractual document that they are not to “diminish the significance or importance of the tests” (see, for example, slide 7 here) or they could lose their jobs. Teachers are not to speak negatively about the tests or say anything negatively about these tests in their classrooms or in public; if they do they could be found in violation of their contracts. At my main presentation in New Mexico, a few teachers even approached me after “in secret” whispering their concerns in fear of being “found out.” Rumor also has it that Hanna Skandera has requested the names and license numbers of any teachers who have helped or encouraged students to protest the state’s “new” PARCC test(s), as well.

 

One New Mexico teacher asked whether “this is a quelling of free speech and professional communication?” I believe it most certainly is a Constitutional violation. I am also shocked to now find out that something quite similar is occurring in my state of Arizona.

 

Needless to say, neither of our states (or many states typically in the sunbelt for that matter) are short on bad ideas, but this is getting absolutely ridiculous, especially as this silencing of the educators seems to be yet another bad idea that is actually trending?

 

As per a recent article in our local paper – The Arizona Republic – Arizona “legislators want to gag school officials” in an amendment to Senate Bill 1172 that will prohibit “an employee of a school district or charter school, acting on the district’s or charter school’s behalf, from distributing electronic materials to influence the outcome of an election or to advocate support for or opposition to pending or proposed legislation.”

 

The charge is also that this is a retaliatory move by AZ legislators, in response to a series of recent protests in response to serious budget cuts several weeks ago. “Perhaps [this is] to keep [educators] from talking about how the legislature has shortchanged Arizona’s school kids by hundreds of millions of dollars since the recession, and how the legislature is still making it nearly impossible for many districts to take care of even [schools’] most basic needs.”

 

In addition, is this even Constitutional? An Arizona Schools Boards Association (ASBA) spokesperson is cited as responding, saying “SB 1172 raises grave constitutional concerns. It may violate school and district officials free speech rights and almost certainly chills protected speech by school officials and the parents and community members that interact with them. It will freeze the flow of information to the public that seeks to ascertain the impact of pending legislation on their schools and children’s education.”

 

Where is the American Civil Liberties Union? Why are teachers singled out for a speech ban? As Beardsley asks, “Is this even Constitutional?” I would add, is this America?