Archives for category: Education Reform

Antonio Olmedo wrote this analysis of Philanthro-Capitalism.


VENTURE PHILANTHROPY & THE NEOLIBERAL ECOSYSTEM: WHO NEEDS A MINISTRY OF EDUCATION?

By Antonio Olmedo, University of Roehampton

Coinciding with this year’s World Social Forum in Davos, Oxfam released a report based on Credit Suisse Global Wealth Databook [1], denouncing that the top 1% richest people have gained more income than the poorest 50% altogether[2]. The tendency seems to be worsening.

In 2010, the combined assets of the 388 multibillionaires were required in order to equal the wealth of the 50% at the bottom, however, in 2016 only 8 of them would be needed to reach the same situation[3].

The counter narrative claims that, while the richest become richer, the average wellbeing of the population increases correspondingly. However, even the friendliest statistics (ie. the Brookings Institution has recalibrated poverty indicators according to new data available on prices for goods and services [Purchasing Power Parities] in every country in the world) show that while in some regions the new calculations seem to suggest an improvement in the percentage of people living in extreme poverty, that is not the case in other areas, where such proportions seem to aggravate[4].

Moreover, the think tank signals that there is a large concentration of people whose living standards are virtually similar to the global poverty line, which epitomises the fragility of such estimates.

All in all, the situation seems far from resolved and the number of deadlines missed by international declarations, multilateral agreements, development goals, etc. continues to amass.

Capitalism, the elephant in the room
Nevertheless, far from engulfing policy makers in a deep and self-reflexive critical exercise, within mainstream politics Capitalism remains as the solution to such stagnant social and economic crisis, rather than its central cause. The fact that the richest are even richer seems to be a good news rather than cause for concern.

As Bill Clinton (2010) acknowledges: “The 21st century has given people with wealth unprecedented opportunities, and commensurate responsibilities, to advance the public good”.

Back in 2008, right after the latest global collapse of the capitalist system, Bishop and Green published their Ode to (what they baptised as) the Philanthrocapitalism. In the preface of the 2nd edition of the volume, the authors celebrate the fact that the global economic crisis does not seem to have endangered, but rather fortified, the wealth of the wealthiest on Earth:

The world has changed since the financial meltdown of September 2009, but in ways that make the ideas in Philanthrocapitalism more relevant than ever. According to the annual rich list compiled by Forbes magazine, the collapse of the stock and other asset prices reduced the global number of billionaires by over 300, nearly one-third, from 2008 to 2009. The average charitable foundation saw its assets shrink by at least one-quarter. Yet the world still has plenty of super-rich people. Indeed, overall, the super rich are likely to emerge from the crisis in better financial shape than anyone else. The reservoir of wealth to fund Philanthrocapitalism is still there. [emphasis added] (Bishop & Green, 2010, p. xii)

The book preaches the renaissance of giving and philanthropy. It portrays how a group of new philanthropists give, by applying business techniques and ways of thinking to their philanthropy and also describes the growing recognition by the leaders of capitalism that are giving back much of their fortune to improve society is as much a part of the system as making the money in the first place (2010, p. xii).

A study commissioned by Education International (the final report will be publicly released later this year) considers the general implications of the involvement of new philanthropists in global education policy communities in different countries across the world.

The Venture Philanthropy neoliberal ecosystem
More concretely, this piece of work concentrates in tracking the investments and agendas of a group of Venture Philanthropic organisations, which openly promote market-based solution and dynamics of privatisation of education at all levels: funding of private and charter schools, developing new public management schemes, incubating new edu-tech businesses, advocating for new forms and methods of accountability and evaluation, etc.

When brought together, their portfolios configure a full neoliberal ecosystem. From chains of private schools operating within public-private partnerships or fully independent, teacher training programmes and countless tools for evaluation and school management, to curriculum development, electronic materials, new funding channels for both school providers and students and families, the options are all-encompassing.

It would not be an overstatement to say that the sum of investments of the philanthropic ventures analysed above offers the possibility of running a complete educational system through the services that their investees offer.

Moreover, though most of those tools and models and programs have been designed for specific countries or continental regions, it is also clear that they are ready to be scalable. As the case of Bridge International Academies shows:

The first Bridge International Academy opened in the Mukuru slum in Nairobi, Kenya in 2009. Today there are hundreds and Bridge continues to expand across Africa and Asia. With a mission of Knowledge for all, Bridge plans to educate 10,000,000 children across a dozen countries by 2025.[5]

As a result of the detailed selection processes of their scrupulous funders, the majority of the companies in their portfolios are prepared to follow similar pathways. Varthana, for instance, started as a microcredit venture operating in India, but they are already examining the possibilities to go beyond their current field of operations reaching new markets:

We see the loan as the starting point of a long association and believe in working with those school owners who are committed to quality. In the future, we plan to hold seminars and workshops for the school owners; get people in the field of teacher training to engage with the schools and connect them with vendors and solution providers who have innovative, state of the art solutions for schools. By nurturing a long term relationship with our clients and working with the school entrepreneurs and teachers as a team, Varthana believes we can create value and make a difference.[6]

There are multiple examples of companies that are looking into expanding their operations, either by moving into new geographies, adventuring into new markets, or targeting new populations.

They are the icebreakers at the forefront of privatisation dynamics, paving the way for deeper and more significant changes. In a clinical exploratory way, they are testing the temperature of national and local governments, of politicians and civil society groups, of individual citizens and consumers. They bring new ways of doing things into the public policy arena, new solutions and techniques, but more importantly a new vocabulary based on new forms of knowledge.

[1] https://www.credit-suisse.com/uk/en/about-us/research/research-institute/global-wealth-report.html

[2] http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/an-economy-for-the-99-its-time-to-build-a-human-economy-that-benefits-everyone-620170

[3] http://www.oxfam.org.uk/media-centre/press-releases/2016/01/62-people-own-same-as-half-world-says-oxfam-inequality-report-davos-world-economic-forum

[4] https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2014/05/05/what-do-new-price-data-mean-for-the-goal-of-ending-extreme-poverty/

[5] http://www.bridgeinternationalacademies.com/company/about/

[6] http://varthana.com/beyond-loans/

Jo Lieb, who blogs as “Poetic Justice,” posted the powerful graduation speech written and delivered by Coral Ortiz, with Coral’s permission. Coral just graduated from a public high school in New Haven, Connecticut.


When we were young, we were taught that we were “one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.” Our country taught us that no matter our income or race, we would all have the same chance to achieve our dreams. We were taught that there would never be a bias against a certain group of people, and that society believes in each and every one of us. These lessons of equality were taught as self-evident. These lessons of equality have and continue to be a lie.

The reality is that despite the fact that we recite the words “one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all,” it has been 50 years since the civil rights movement that our country has never been equal. We—a class mostly made up of minority, low income, and first generation students—have had the odds stacked against us, but here we are standing at this graduation with 3 state championships, college acceptances, and one of largest increases in graduation rates in the State, because we didn’t let the inherent inequality stop us from achieving our goals.

I would be lying if I said today is like any other day, because today is not like any other day. Most importantly, Today is not your typical high school graduation; it is more than that. Today is the day when we walk across a stage and take our diplomas, as an act of defiance to those who said we could not. We have had many students, administrators, and teachers come and go. We have had heart break; we have had our nation turn its backs on us, through supporting those who support hate. So, to those that believed my classmates and I were incapable, I have decided to leave a message for you:

To the teacher who said my classmates and I would fail and that the taxpayers wasted resources on our education -– Today, we teach you that you were wrong.

To the counselor who told me students at this school never get into prestigious colleges – we didn’t let your perception of us define who we are.

To the people who assume we are robbing their stores because of the color of our skin – don’t judge a book by its cover.

To the people who told us that only boys were good at math – Girls are more than just pretty faces.

To the people who violated our bodies – no means no.

To the people who questioned our dedication to the things we were involved in – you didn’t see our sleepless nights and three championship trophies.

To the person who believed that our socio-economic status would define us – you do not need to be a millionaire to succeed.

To the lady on the bus who told me my peers and I would go to jail because of the high school we attended – we are still free.

To the politicians and corporations that refuse to address gun violence because it might cost them money- life has no price.

To the people who assume that our names are too ghetto to be qualified – our names have taken us farther than you could have imagined.

To the leaders who thought it was okay to make decisions that forced us to go to classes without textbooks – it is far from okay.

To the person who told us we only got into college because we were minorities – the color of one’s skin does not determine intelligence.

To the people that talked poorly about us in the newspaper – you taught us how to be fearless.

To the people who thought it was okay to experiment with our education – the math of 5 principals in 4 years just doesn’t add up.

To the people who want to privatize education – public education is the reason we succeeded.

To the politicians who choose unqualified people to affect our lives because you feel loyal to your party – you did not take a vow to serve a party. You
took a vow to serve the people.

To the person who believes my classmates and I are dangerous – we are human.

To the people who told me my friends and I are not beautiful – black is beautiful.

To those who believed that my peers and I would drop out – looks like you were wrong.

To everyone who voted for hate – love wins.

I could go on for hours talking about the people who defined us as something other than successful. But today is not solely about the obstacles that were placed in front of us. Today is about the truth. The fact that there were several times people underestimated us and we were able to prove them wrong. We stand here and take our diplomas not only as an act of defiance, but also as an act of gratitude. Thankful for the adults that cared, thankful for the teacher that spent hours educating us, thankful for the parents, family members, counselors, friends, politicians, and mentors that believed we could make it to this moment.

We could not have done this without you because it takes a village to raise a child. Despite the fact that our education was treated like an experiment, lacked in resources, and was marked by the presence of people who stopped believing we were capable, we did it. In 6 years we were capable of going from a 51 percent graduation rate to a 91 percent graduation rate. Today we acknowledge the fact that our country is not equal and that we have it harder than many other people. We acknowledge that, despite this inequality, we beat the odds. We did it, and now we have the chance to not only reach our own dreams, but also to help others reach theirs.

If we were able to overcome all of these obstacles, then there is nothing that can stop us. No one that can stop us, no dream that we can’t reach, and no adversity that we cannot overcome, because in the end, they said we couldn’t, so we did, and when they say we won’t, we will. Thank you and congratulations to the class of 2017.P

Now that we live in the new gig economy, where kids in their 20s become instant multimillionaires by disrupting every industry, here come the hawkers of (de)personalized learning to replace teachers with smart (but not cheap) machines. These machines never need pensions or health care. They don’t care about tenure or due process.

Jennifer Berkshire (once known as EduShyster) and historian of education Jack Schneider survey the plan to disrupt American education.

“Podcast: My Teacher is an Algorithm

“Silicon Valley billionaires want to replace teachers with technology, and their big money cause is attracting some strange bedfellows.

“Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg is in. So is Reed Hastings from Netflix. In fact, it’s hard to find a Silicon Valley billionaire who doesn’t want to disrupt public education by replacing teachers with algorithms. In the latest episode of the Have You Heard podcast, co-hosts Jennifer Berkshire and Jack Schneider talk to Common Sense Media’s Bill Fitzgerald about how so-called “personalized learning” is actually a misnomer. Learning by algorithm, says Fitzgerald, isn’t particularly personal, or even human. And the closed learning systems of which Zuckerberg et al are so enthusiastic about give adults far too much opportunity to limit the content of what kids are exposed to—one reason why fans of religious education, including Secretary of Education, Betsy DeVos, are all over this trend. Don’t be fooled by Silicon Valley’s talk of equity and civil rights as part of its sales pitch for personalized learning, says Fitzgerald. Automating the learning experiences of the most vulnerable students will only exacerbate the country’s stark educational inequities. You can hear the entire episode here.”

We have quite an amazing collection of readers on this blog. I often post your comments, because they are well-written, succinct, informative, and besides which, most of you know know more about teaching and the everyday life of the classroom than I do.

If your name was inadvertently omitted, let me know and I will add it.

A reader who goes by the name “Homeless Educator” sent this comment.

“Diane, I think the regular contributors to your blog are heroes as well, because the discussions here can be very enlightening to a confused public, supportive to weary educators, and aid in widely spreading the message about the attacks on public education, as well as of the imminent need to protect our schools and children from profiteers, here and abroad. If HE forgot you, please send your name. Or join the conversation. Whenever I think of suspending or ending the blog, I think of you and get a new charge of energy. We have a space for discussion and debate on this blog unlike anything else on the Internet.

“Here are some of them, in no particular order –just basically off the top of my head, so I hope I don’t offend anyone who is omitted:”

KrazyTA
democracy
Lloyd Lofthouse
Linda
jcgrim
GregB
Christine Langhoff
Chiara
retired teacher
WestCoastTeacher
Joel Herman
Ellen Lubic
Karen Wolfe
SomeDAMpoet
m4potw Back2Basic May King
Bethree5
John Ogozalek
booklady
carolmalaysia
gitapik
ira shor
Norwegian Filmmaker
joe prichard
Laura H Chapman
Threatened Out West
alphawolf1
Concerned
speduktr
Zorba
Catherine Blanche King
Duane E. Swacker, sitting in for Noel Wilson
Left Coast Teacher
retiredbutmissthekids
ciedie aech
2old2teach
Kathyirwin1
Kenneth Bernstein
Máté Wierdl
Yvonne Siu-Runyan
Carl Peterson
Arthur Camins
Ponderosa
Educator
Robert Skeels, Cynthia Liu
Carl Peterson
Mark Naison
Geronimo

This is a fascinating and funny and scary article about politics in Texas, written by Lawrence Wright, a Pulitzer Prize winning author and staff writer for The New Yorker.

The title of the article is “America’s Future is Texas,” and we better hope it is wrong.

When I was growing up in Houston, the state was reliably Democratic, although the Democrats were conservative.

Now the state is a red state, and Republicans have gerrymandered the districts so that they control everything.

The Republican party is divided more or less into two factions: those who are sane and concerned about protecting the state’s reputation as a friendly place to do business; and those who are to the right of the Tea Party and obsessed with God, guns, abortion, homosexuality, border security, lowering taxes, and tormenting people who are transgender.

The story has many very funny anecdotes about Texas craziness, along with some wonderful stories about Governor Ann Richards, who was an original. She had a laser-like intellect coupled with devastating wit.

Read it and learn how the Speaker of the House Joe Straus, a sane Republican from San Antonio, has managed to outmaneuver the zealots in the State Senate. Speaker Straus has fended off the worst excesses of the crazies in the Senate, including vouchers, a bill to stamp out any protections for transgender people, and other legislation that ignores the basic needs of the people of Texas. Speaker Straus is already on the honor roll of the blog. He actually wants to protect and improve public schools, not defund them. Imagine that!

If Texas is the future of America, we are hurtling back to the 19th century at warp speed, with no regard for the needs of our most vulnerable citizens and no concern for decency or human rights.

The hope for the future of Texas is that Anglos are now in a minority. If Hispanics begin voting in numbers, the political complexion of the state will change dramatically. Texas is actually a purple state, not a red one.

There is hope.

Governor Paul LePage of Maine is one of the worst governors in the nation. Twice he was elected by a plurality in a three-way race. He hates public schools. A citizens’ initiative forced him to raise state spending on them. He vowed to get even next year.

LePage started his time in office by doing whatever Jeb Bush wanted, such as agreeing to sign on to Jeb’s Digital Learning business to benefit Jeb’s tech sponsors. He periodically gets in trouble for shooting off his mouth.

Can’t wait until the voters of Maine replace this guy with someone who cares about the future of the state.

This article is an excellent analysis by civil rights lawyer Wendy Lecker of the deliberate destruction of public education in black and Latino neighborhoods in Chicago.

Chicago has purposely sacrificed the needs of black and Latino students while protecting and enhancing the needs of white students. We have to bear in mind what Rahm Emanuel told CTU leader Karen Lewis when he was first elected: about a quarter of these kids are uneducable. Everything else flows from that assumption.

Open the article to read the links. The most astonishing point noted here is that Chicago’s public schools OUTPERFORM its charter schools!

Lecker writes:

“Chicago is this nation’s third largest city, and among its most segregated. Recently, several unrelated reports were released about education policy in Chicago that, together, provide a vivid picture of the divergent views policymakers of have of public education; depending on who is served.
As reported by researchers at Roosevelt University, between 2009-2015, Chicago permanently closed 125 neighborhood schools, ostensibly because of low enrollment or poor performance.

“The standard Chicago used for low enrollment was 30 students to one elementary classroom — an excessively large class size, especially for disadvantaged children.

“The school closures occurred disproportionately in neighborhoods serving African-American, Latino and economically disadvantaged students. Professors Jin Lee and Christopher Lubienski found that Chicago’s school closures had a markedly negative effect on accessibility to educational opportunities for these vulnerable populations. Students had to travel longer distances to new schools; often through more dangerous areas.

“School closures harm entire communities. As Georgia State Law Professor Courtney Anderson found, where neighborhood schools were a hub for community activities, vacant schools become magnets for illegal activity. Moreover, buildings in disuse pose health and environmental dangers to the community. Vacant buildings depress the value of homes and businesses around them, increase insurance premiums and insurance policy cancellations. In addition, the school district must pay for maintenance of vacant buildings.

“Although Chicago claimed to close schools to save money, the savings were minimal — at great cost to the communities affected.

“At the same time Chicago leaders closed 125 neighborhood schools, they opened 41 selective public schools and 108 charter schools; more than they closed. Chicago charter schools underserve English Language Learners and students with disabilities, and have suspension and expulsion rates ten times greater than Chicago’s public schools. Even more astounding, despite the self-selecting and exclusive nature of charters, researcher Myron Orfield found that Chicago’s public schools outperform charters on standardized test passing and growth rates in both reading and math, and high school graduation rates.

“The Roosevelt University researchers found that the expansion of Chicago charter schools devastated the public school budget, contributing to massive cuts of basic educational resources in Chicago’s public schools. Moreover, many of these new charters have remained open despite falling below the “ideal enrollment” standard used to close neighborhood public schools.

“The education policies of Chicago’s leaders force its poor children and children of color to attend under-resourced schools, often at a great distance from their neighborhoods, on a pretext of under-enrollment and poor performance. Officials fail to consider the devastating effects school closures have on educational opportunities or on the health of entire communities.

“Chicago promised to use the proceeds of the sales of vacant schools to improve those neighborhoods. Yet, city leaders instead used those funds for school capital projects. A WBEZ investigation found that Chicago’s new school construction and additions disproportionately benefit schools that serve white, middle class students, even though white students are far less likely to suffer overcrowded schools than Latino students, whose schools do not see the benefit of capital spending.”

This post is updated based on your excellent suggestions.

I always enjoyed July 4 as a day to celebrate our nation and to honor its heroes.

With an ignorant bully in the White House, it is hard to feel good about what is happening today. Trump seems eager to demolish the First Amendment and that’s bad for our nation and our future. He wants to remove environmental protection and allow the pillaging of our air, water, and lands. He wants to defund every social program that protects those who are in need while giving the military more money than it asked for.

But enough complaining! It is what it is!

Today I want to celebrate the everyday heroes across the nation who are fighting to protect public education against privatization.

I won’t remember all of them and I don’t know all of them, so I invite you to add the names of people you know in your district or state who are fighting to keep public schools public.

Today I honor the following:

The BadAss Teachers Association, which has given courageous teachers a voice to fight against phony “reforms”;

Jitu Brown of Journey for Justice.

Speaker of the Texas House Joe Strauss, who has deftly fended off private school vouchers again and again;

The Honorable Dan Huberty, chair of the Public Education Committee in the Texas House of Representatives, who has knocked down vouchers again and again;

Pastors for Texas Children, which has not only fought vouchers in Texas, but has helped to organize pastors in other states to defend separation of church and state and religious liberty;

The Education Law Center, and especially Wendy Lecker, who work to protect public schools from predators;

Save Our Schools New Jersey, which has fought back to protect public schools from the Chris Christie regime;

Valerie Strauss, who writes The Answer Sheet blog at the Washington Post, and is the clearest thinking education writer in the nation;

The parent groups in Florida who continue to fight for public schools despite the Republican legislators who live under the thumb of former Governor Jeb Bush;

The Washington State Supreme Court that declared that charter schools are not eligible for public funding because they are not public schools, not having an elected board;

Mercedes Schneider, who is a powerful and indefatigable researcher, author, and teacher;

Kenneth Bernstein, who blogs for The Daily Kos as Teacher Ken;

NYSAPE (New York State Allies for Public Education), which combined 50 parent and teacher organizations across the state to fight for public schools, for equitable funding, for the right to opt out of abusive state testing, against the Common Core, and against high-stakes testing;

Larry Lee of Alabama, who fights for public education every day;

John Kuhn, superintendent in Texas, whose eloquence inspires us all;

The members of the board of the Network for Public Education, who serve without compensation and tirelessly give of their time to support public education and make it better for all children;

Carol Burris, who not only leads the Network for Public Education, but finds time to write brilliant exposes of charter corruption;

The Chicago Teachers Union, which has relentlessly fought Mayor Rahm Emanuel’s attacks on public schools;

The Massachusetts Teachers Association, which led the successful fight to defeat a referendum to increase charter schools in the stater;

Citizens for Public Schoools in Massachusetts, which fought the expansion of charters and won;

The NAACP, which bravely issued a clarion call for a moratorium on new charters, until existing ones are held to the same standards of inclusiveness, accountability, and transparency as public schools;

Black Lives Matter, which issued a statement condemning school privatization and calling for democratic control and equitable funding of public schools;

Julian Vasquez Heilig, who as blogger and NAACP activist, has fought those who cynically cloak their goal of privatization with the rhetoric of civil rights;

Defending the Early Years, which supports the right of children to a childhood;

Activists Nancy Carlsson-Paige and Susan Ohanian, who advocate for early childhood education free of standardized testing;

Helen Gym of Philadelphia, who ran for City Council and won, so she could fight for kids and public schools;

Jeannie Kaplan of Denver, who has waged a lonely battle against corporate reform and is not giving up;

Donald Cohen of In the Public Interest, which exposes efforts to privatize public institutions;

Arthur Camins, who understands the importance of public schools in a democracy; Mark Naison, who fights for equity through his writings and activism; and Deborah Meier, a lifelong champion of children, progressive education, and democracy;

Carl Peterson, Robert Skeels, Karen Wolfe, Ellen Lubic, Scott Schmerson, and all the other parents and educators in Los Angeles who keep hope alive for the survival of public schools in that billionaire-ridden city;

Angie Sullivan of Clark County, Nevada, who teaches in a Title I school and sends blast emails to legislators and journalists to fight for her students;

Sara Stevenson, middle school librarian in Austin, who writes a letter to the editor of the Wall Street Journal every time it attacks public schools and has become a friend of the editor of the letters section;

Tim Slekar, dean of Edgewood College in Wisconsin, who tirelessly fights for the teaching profession.

Bloggers Peter Greene, Jersey Jazzman, Gary Rubinstein, Mike Klonsky, Paul Thomas, Jennifer Berkshire, Steven Singer, Mercedes Schneider, Nancy Bailey, Arthur Goldstein, Susan Schwartz, Tom Ultican, Jonathan Pelto, Anita Senkowski, and many others who have fearlessly punched holes in the “reform” narrative;

Jeff Bryant and Jan Resseger, who fight for public education every day;

Laura Chapman, who conducts her own powerful research about the privatizers;

Bill Phillis, who founded the Ohio Coalition for Equity and Adequacy;

Public Schools First in North Carolina, who never give up hope;

Rev. William Barber, who launched the Moral Mondays movement in North Carolina;

Save Our Schools Kentucky, fighting against charters and vouchers;

Scholar Bruce Baker of Rutgers, who has studied the actual performance of charter schools and found it wanting;

Scholars Gene V. Glass, David Berliner, and Chris Lubienski, who have demonstrated time and again that public schools are far superior than nonpublic schools;

Scholars Gary Orfield and Myron Orfield, who have documented the continuing resegregation of the schools and called for needed changes;

FAIRTEST, which has stood strong against the misuse of and overuse of standardized testing since the 1970s;

Scholars Pasi Sahlberg, Andrew Hargreaves, and Yong Zhao, who have pointed the way to better schools through their scholarship;

State Commissioner of Education Rebecca Holcomb in Vermont, who has been an inspiring leader in articulating a vision of better education;

The National Education Policy Center, which regularly reviews research and think tank reports, for accuracy and soundness;

Class Size Matters, an organization founded by Leonie Haimson, that advocates for reduced class sizes and student privacy (I am a member of its small board);

The independent film makers who have created videos to celebrate our public schools and to expose those who attack them–including Michael Elliott, whose work supports the Opt Out movement; Mark Hall, who created “Killing Ed”; Brian and Cindy Malone, who made “Education Inc.”; Nebraska Loves Public schools, which makes films celebrating the work of good public schools in the state.

The Tennessee Mama Bears, who have fought to preserve their public schools, against a rapacious charter school industry;

New York superintendents Michael Hynes of Patchogue-Medford and David Gamberg of Southold-Greenport, who have turned their vision of child-centered education into reality;

The Opt Out Movement in New York, which year after year has persuaded 20% of the state’s eligible children not to take the state tests and has had a statewide and national influence;

The Parent Coalition for Student Privacy, led by Rachel Stickland and Leonie Haimson;

The Northeast Indiana Friends of Public Education, which fights for public schools in a state whose politicians were bought by reformers.

Now, I am certain I have only begun to scratch the surface of the nation’s heroes of public education.

I celebrate them today for their courage, their dedication, their devotion to democracy and to children.

If you have names of individuals or groups to add, please send them in.

Who are your heroes in education? Who has inspired you?

Paul Horton teaches history at the University of Chicago Lab School.

He writes:

Creating a Commonwealth: July 4th as a Concept

For most Americans July 4th is a celebration of American Independence. It is a day of music, fireworks, and grilling. We are bombarded with empty rhetoric about freedom from civic boosters who never learned much history. Many embrace a narrow version of American exceptionalism that claims that Americans are God’s chosen people and that the Declaration of Independence is a divinely inspired document.

Many of those who support our president believe that the Revolutionary war was fought over an effort to reduce high taxes. But this view is very short-sighted as historians from Jill Lepore to Gordon Wood have made clear.

The Declaration was written to gain the diplomatic recognition of France and other states that were hostile to the British global empire. The war had already begun, and the document that did more to unite the patriots than the Declaration, Tom Paine’s “Common Sense,” had already severed the cultural connection to the King by daring to question the royal family’s lineage.

When Teaparty advocates dress up as patriots, few of them understand that the tax on tea had been lowered and that the real patriots were more concerned with the monopoly on the sale of tea that had been given to the East India Company by Parliament. What the tea tax was used for was more concerning. These revenues were used to cover the costs of tariff enforcement and Vice Admiralty Courts that were held offshore, thus denying citizens accused of smuggling of their rights as Englishmen: the right to an impartial hearing; the right to a jury comprised of peers; the right to see and question accusers; and the right to an impartial judge. Vice Admiralty Courts were military tribunals that denied these rights and the officers who presided over them would receive a share of the value of seized property, tipping the scales of justice in favor of guilty rulings.

Teaparty followers also fail to understand that the revolution was motivated by land claims. Every colony claimed land west of the Appalachian mountains that were denied by the Proclamation of 1763 that the British established to maintain peace with western tribes following the War for Empire. Large eastern landowners who were indebted to British merchants wanted access to these lands to retire debt and small or landless farmers saw the west and cheap land as a way to establish independence in a world where dependence meant subservience.

My sixth great grandfather, Abraham Horton, fought at King’s Mountain and Cowpens for promised bounty land in what would become eastern Tennessee. He was cast out of his Quaker Meeting near Mount Airy, North Carolina, for joining the fight that would bring his family land in Cherokee country.

Unfortunately, victory in the revolutionary war for the patriots was a disaster for the Cherokee and other tribes.

Most importantly, those who subscribe to a presentist version of American exceptionalism claim that July 4th represents something about the freedoms that we must protect today as a justification for interventions in wars abroad. Wars abroad for revolutionary war patriots were wars in different republics. When the Intolerable Acts were issued in 1774, patriots began leaving colonial assemblies to form their own governments, republics based on the idea of creating a commonwealth. The Intolerable Acts suspended the assembly of Massachusetts and this served as a fire bell to those who saw a civil war approaching. When a Virginian went to Boston to fight the British, he was fighting in an allied republic that had cobbled together an allied army.

The term Commonwealth, not surprisingly, was a body where sovereign power resided in the Commons, the House of Commons, and in the idea that the Commons, land jointly owned, would be shared for the use and benefit of the people, not the crown, or those who possesses title. This idea extends back to the Magna Carta of the Forrest, the idea that the people have a right to subsist on the commons, to gather wood, hunt, graze livestock, and cultivate gardens on land not owned by those with title.

In short modern day neoliberals, tea party activists, libertarians, fail to understand why the concept of commonwealth was so important to the patriots. Parliament and crown had usurped the rights of Englishmen by attempting to destroy the right of the colonists to subsist for “the pursuit of happiness.” Patriots created commonwealths that reclaimed their rights and land that could be used for the common good. Commons meant public. Public buildings, meeting houses, courts, schools, alms-houses, and cultural institutions would be built on the commons.

By assaulting the very idea of the commonwealth: the idea that public authority, public space, and public institutions are legitimate; today’s neoliberals, tea party activists, and libertarians actively betray the ideal of freedom that was created when patriots formed state commonwealths.

The people should have the “right to pursue happiness.” To subsist in today’s world, they need a commons: good schools, a fair wage, fair access to due process, cheap good housing, and quality medical care.

America under Trump has betrayed the promise of the American Revolution. He and the Republican congressional leadership support monopolies and they support those without title who are creating a new plutocracy. They run roughshod over our rights as Americans and pollute the commons.

American must reclaim the idea of the commons, the idea of the republic, the idea of the public. To do so is to reclaim the true spirit of July 4th.

This is a wonderful bit of trivia about American history.

Three of the nation’s Founding Fathers died on July 4.

All three were former presidents.

Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the same day in 1826. James Monroe died on this day a few years later.

John Adams wrote:

“The whole people must take upon themselves the education of the whole people and be willing to bear the expenses of it. There should not be a district of one mile square, without a school in it, not founded by a charitable individual, but maintained at the public expense of the people themselves.”

Thomas Jefferson wrote:

“T]he tax which will be paid for this purpose [education] is not more than the thousandth part of what will be paid to kings, priests and nobles who will rise up among us if we leave the people in ignorance.”