This may be the best article about education that you will read all year. It is as good an explanation as you will find of “the Finnish miracle.”
As Chaltain explains, the success of the schools is only one part of the picture. For the sixth year in a row, Finland has been named “the happiest country in the world,” based on these metrics: “healthy life expectancy, GDP per capita, social support, low corruption, generosity in a community where people look after each other and freedom to make key life decisions.”
The secret to happiness: “Taking a holistic view of the well-being of all the components of a society and its members makes for better life evaluations and happier countries.”
Sam Chaltain writes:
I spent last week in Finland, the small Scandinavian country that, for educators, has become a Mecca of sorts. And while I was there, a surprising thing happened:
I came for the schools.
I stayed for the library.
It’s hard not to be aware of the schools, which have experienced a dramatic metamorphosis over the past half-century.
For much of the early 20th century, Finland was agrarian and underdeveloped, with a GDP per capita trailing other Nordic countries by 30 to 40 percent in 1900. But in 1917, Finland declared its independence from Russia, and insisted that women be heavily represented in its first parliament.
As a result, the new nation prioritized a whole slate of policies that have helped support the development over time of a society that values and protects children. Free preschool programs enroll 98 percent of children in the country. Compulsory education begins at the age of seven, and after nine years of comprehensive schooling, during which there is no tracking by ability, students choose whether to enroll in an academic or a vocational high school. The graduation rate is nearly 95 percent.
Finland’s deep investments in the welfare of all people impact every aspect of public life. “It seems to me that people in Finland are more secure and less anxious than Americans because there is a threshold below which they won’t fall,” said Linda Cook, a political scientist at Brown University who has studied European welfare states. “Even if they face unemployment or illness, Finns will have some payments from the state, public health care and education.”
On our tour of schools in Helsinki and Turku (the current and former capitals), we saw evidence of both the “Finnish Miracle,” and features far less miraculous.
In every location, the atmosphere in the rooms and hallways were marked by an orderly, active hum, the kind that emerges only when everyone knows one’s role, responsibility and contribution. Classes are just four or five hours a day, and as many as one-third of the courses Finnish students take are non-academic.
Lest a visitor decide that any one of these solutions would solve their country’s own problems, our host for the week — Ari Koski of Turku University — warned us that “a Finnish system doesn’t work in any school outside Finland. Everything influences everything else — and if you take one piece out, it doesn’t work anymore.”
Of those influences, Koski believes Finland’s teacher preparation program is the most important. Only eight universities are permitted to prepare teachers, and admission to these programs is highly competitive: less than one of every ten applicants is accepted.
You can imagine my surprise, then, when almost every classroom lesson I observed was . . . OK. As one of my traveling colleagues said, “I feel like I’ve seen this movie before.” And that’s because we have seen it before — teacher-driven, content-heavy, “sit and get” instruction.
Where’s the miracle in that?
Then I remembered that the goal of the Finnish system is equity — as in, choose any school, anywhere, and it will be of a certain quality — and that they have actually achieved it.
In other words, Finland’s goal is not to spark the creation of spectacular schools — it’s to ensure an entire country of good ones.
Its miracle, therefore, flows from its integration, not its innovation.
Whereas its schools may not be hotbeds of innovative teaching, the newest public library in its capital city may be the most spectacular model for the future of learning that I have ever seen.
It’s known simply as Oodi. It opened in 2018 — a gift to the Finnish people to honor a century of independence. And it is a beautiful, vibrant, multigenerational civic hub for creativity and connection.
“Oodi is what you want it to be,” explains its website. “Meet friends, search for information, immerse yourself in a book or work. Create something new in a studio or an Urban Workshop — seven days a week, from early in the morning till late in the evening.
“Oodi is a meeting place, a house of reading and a diverse urban experience. Oodi provides its visitors with knowledge, new skills and stories, and is an easy place to access for learning, relaxation and work.”
It is, in other words, the ideal “school” of the future — a living meeting place of discovery that is open to all….
Please open the link and read the rest of this wonderful post. The secret of Finland’s success is not its schools; nor even its wonderful new library. It’s the nation’s determination to ensure that everyone does well.
Compare the Finnish approach to what is happening here:
In education: competition, standardization, winners and losers, privatization, state-funded religious schools, charters and vouchers; schools without nurses. The search for silver bullets, innovation, miracles.
In society: high income inequality, high wealth inequality, many people in poverty, many people without healthcare, many homeless people.
What are our politicians talking about: critical race theory, drag queens, trans kids, book banning, censorship, making people work for any government assistance.
Do you see a pattern here?

excellent
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What’s so disheartening is that there is proven success of fully funding a public education program. But thanks to the Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, and others out of the Chicago School, this will never happen in the US where the Business Model is the “solution” to all our problems. I’m a Gen Xer, was in grade school to junior high throughout the 80s, high school and college in the early to mid-90s. The totalization of Reaganomics in American life has destroyed–and continues to destroy–this country.
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Wish our schools were more like the Finnish schools.
American schools took a down-turn with Charters and Vouchers and testing.
Speaking of testing and VAM…read this: https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/leading-mathematician-debunks-value-added/2011/05/08/AFb999UG_blog.html
Thank you, Chatain. And thank you, Diane, for posting this.
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The Fins are fortunate that their native language writing system was developed after studying other languages and their faults. A 1:1:1 (one letter, one sound, one symbol) transparent language makes learning very easy. How do the Finnish teacher teach less transparent languages and their spelling patterns? English has 26 letters, 44 sounds and 250 symbols (letters or groups of letters that make one sound) that require a lot of explicit methodical instruction for most people to master.
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English, which borrows heavily from other languages, is difficult language to learn to spell. Some of our spellings simply have to memorized, although about 84% of English words follow predicted patterns.https://www.spellingsociety.org/uploaded_misc/poems-online-misc-1419940069.pdf
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Considering, English has 26 letters,
44 sounds and 250 symbols that require
a lot of explicit methodical instruction
for most people to master…
If one thinks in english, without
mastering the explicit, methodical
rules of use and comprehension,
how do they know what words to
think in?
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We are lucky that thinking, listening, and speaking are natural brain functions while reading, spelling, and writing are not. Reading wasn’t particularly necessary until the popularity of the print press in the 15th century. Hence, reading, spelling, and writing require more systematic instruction.
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English, with all of its accents, pronunciation and grammar rules and exceptions, seems almost purposefully designed to designate people as aristocrats or commoners more than to communicate meaning accurately. Standardized English tests do that heinous job of discrimination effectively.
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As I was required to participate in the latest leadership program in my districts it always struck me as odd that all of these initiatives praised Finland, sent representatives there to observe what was happening, totally ignored what they saw, and continued to hyper focus on the high stakes process. It dawned on me when I first began to look at the Finnish system that part of their narrative was that when they made the decisions about improving education the were willing to let the new results take some time to bare out. Here in the United States we are quick to find cause but too impatient to analyze and implement solutions over time. One of the problems with citing the statistic that Finnish teachers are drawn from the top 10% of students is that it then promotes the assumption in the US that our teaching force is intellectually inadequate. What strikes my anecdotal experience is despite the roadblocks to teach, low pay, poor support, large class size, low autonomy, most of the teachers I have worked with are more than competent and care about their students. The most important thing this article reveals is that a wholistic approach to governance is critical to the well being of society. Too many in this country have bought into the government as a problem and have therefore chosen to renounce communal solutions. Finnish structure, from the outside looking in, focuses on common cause. Every aspect of our society, from public to private, has chosen to embrace disruption as a solution despite evidence to the contrary. What ails the US is the rejection of us. The rejection of teachers, care givers, nurses, et al is the Condor in the coal mine.
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Our belief that markets will solve all our problems is wrong. Capitalism creates winners and losers. Our education is becoming less equitable and more segregated with increased privatization. Public education is not totally equitable either, but at least it aspires to be.
We have become preoccupied with the role that each individual plays in determining their future. When Europeans see a homeless person, they are more likely to believe that the state has failed to address this person’s needs. Americans are more like to blame the individual for his or her plight. We also tend to ignore our enormous income disparities. Our young people do not all start out on a similar socioeconomic level, but we focus on the few that have managed to escape poverty. On social media there’s a story about a girl, born in prison, who is going to Harvard. It’s a wonderful story, but how many other young people born in prison end up homeless on the streets?
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The warnings on AI are driven by thinkers who are afraid of this culture of disruptive capitalism driven by tech executives. It doesn’t take many “bad actors” promoting an individualist mindset to devastate communities and cultures. The crisis in public education is exhibit A.
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Paul,
There is no Teach for Finland. The Finns would not send unprepared college graduates into the classroom.
One thing I forgot to mention: all Finnish teachers and principals belong to a union, the same union.
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That would be nice…I understand the politics of territory, but it is far past time for the NEA and AFT to get together.
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Finland also has a capitalist economy, but they are wise enough to provide social safety nets that will give the neediest people a fairer start in life and help when they need it. In this country we keep transferring wealth from the poor and working class to the wealthy because the billionaires own the government.
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The “secret” of Finnish schools, according to the former Sec. of Education, is their uniformly small classes, and integrating all students in the same classes, with little or no tracking: “We teach all pupils in the same classrooms. …the average class size for all grades is 21. In first- and second-grade, it’s 19.” https://hechingerreport.org/an-interview-with-henna-virkkunen-finlands-minister-of-education/ When the government decided to end tracking, the teachers union agreed– as long as they reduced class size at the same time.
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Only one gripe about an excellent article. Nothing that happens in Finnish education happens because it is a miracle. Not one thing. Americans call it a miracle because they know it will never happen here. But there’s nothing magical about it: Finland supports education with teacher training, autonomy, funding, imagination of all sectors of society, and respect for students, parents, teachers, administrators, and citizens. Finland makes education a national priority, listens to both the people who create and benefit from the system, and always works to make the best system more responsive to changing demographics and times.
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It would be a miracle if any state or national leader here paid attention to what makes Finnish education and society successful.
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Another gripe was that this link was not included. Adds volumes to story: https://oodihelsinki.fi
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And I so want to take this class! Don’t know anything about it, but the title of it alone is enough: https://oodihelsinki.fi/event/helsinki:agefpuukyi/radical-cross-stitch/?lang=en
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Check out some of the other videos on YouTube as well:
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Beautiful. A library like this, if built in the US, would be overwhelmed by homeless people. As H. Hurley said in another comment, Finland has a policy of housing the homeless in a small apartment plus counseling.
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A nation of book lovers. Sounds like paradise. Or as close as we could ever get to it.
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US, the anti-Finland. US budget deal will accelerate savage cuts to public education –
A recent report by K-12 Dive indicates the potential scope of the sweeping cuts to education. Title I schools, a federal program which serves low-income students, would see an $850 million loss, and 60,000 teachers would be laid off. State grants under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) would be reduced by $3.1 billion, laying off 48,000 special education teachers. These cuts are all taking place amid historic teacher shortages in all categories (but especially special education) as a result of decades of bipartisan austerity and the devastation of the education system through mass infection.
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2023/05/31/iyhr-m31.html
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All the evidence of shortages that we have reported so far relied explicitly on school administrators’ assessments of the number of teachers needed based on their professional judgement and their understanding of the budget constraints they face. If schools were less financially constrained, the teacher shortage could be even larger than what the existing data already suggest.
A quick calculation can give a rough sense of how large the teacher shortage would be if school administrators were able to make staffing decisions based on educational goals, rather than strictly on financial constraints. A recent analysis by Baker, Di Carlo, and Weber (2022) used a national education cost model to estimate “the funding levels required to achieve the goal of national average math and reading scores” in all U.S. public schools, a goal that they identified as “modest but reasonable [and] common”. Their comprehensive review of current spending levels and student outcomes (student results on standardized tests) concluded that achieving this benchmark of “universal adequacy” would require an increase of $132 billion in total local, state, and federal spending, which would represent an increase of 13% in total 2019 state and local spending.
If the 13% increase were spent in the same proportion as current spending, this would require a 13% increase in the number of teachers. Using the NCES estimate for 2019 of 3.2 million public K–12 teachers in the United States, the Baker, Di Carlo, and Weber (2022) “universal adequacy” target would have required 416,000 more teachers, even before the pandemic. Even if increases in teaching staff were only half as large as the overall percentage increase, the number of new teachers required over and above 2019 staffing levels would be more than 200,000.L
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Finland does not have far right wing fiends like Marjorie Taylor Greene, Lauren Boebert, Louie Gohmert, Matt Gaetz, Ron DeSantis, Gregg Abbott, Lindsey Graham, Mitch McConnell, etc., in positions of power and influence. Finland does not have a political party that is totally devoted to libertarian social Darwinism and vehemently opposed to the common good.
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Somehow the Republican Party was taken hostage by extremists. I long for a healthy two-party system again, where the Republicans were led by people like Ike.
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You can imagine my surprise, then, when almost every classroom lesson I observed was . . . OK. As one of my traveling colleagues said, “I feel like I’ve seen this movie before.” And that’s because we have seen it before — teacher-driven, content-heavy, “sit and get” instruction.
This is the real lesson to be learned from the “Finnish miracle”, fortunately you can find this model in Classical Schools in the USA!
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Like everything else you post, this makes no sense. Actually, less sense than usual, because I’ll be damned if there is a coherent thought in there. Try writing what you’re thinking in English, not cult speak that has to be deciphered with a codebook.
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The lesson to be learned is that integration beats segregation, that having everyone learn is better than competition.
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https://scoop.me/housing-first-finland-homelessness/
Add this accomplishment to Finland’s priorities
to maintain highest quality of life for their residents.
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That is impressive indeed! Our cities are bulging with homeless people.
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Thank you for posting this! I was disturbed by Diane’s comment above about a beautiful library being overrun by homeless people. Pragmatically, I get it. Ideally, it sickens me that one horrible issue makes another rightly inconceivable. I don’t have an answer. It just bugs the hell out of me. Maybe we need to move backwards. Decide what we want. Nice libraries that function and are available to all parts of society as a goal and then backing up and using it as a guide for all other public policy needed to make the physical part of building realistic.
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I was a trustee at the New York Public Library some years ago. There was discussion about what libraries should do about “problem patrons,” that is, homeless people who came to the library to be in a warm place, to use the bathroom, to hang out until closing time. There was a library in suburban NJ that got a court to agree that the library could oust them.
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I live in a neighborhood with many unhoused and poorly housed people. 2024 was the start of many of them being veterans of our wars who came home to find no help wanted signs. 2020 was the year I saw so many people sitting on the sidewalk with haircuts, wristwatches, new shoes, and looks of utter shock. They’re our countrypeople. It’s not their fault. Let them hang out in public spaces AT THE VERY LEAST.
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Finland does not have a nearly $1 trillion dollar military budget nor an insane police budget. This is literally what Defund the Police/Military looks like. If spending reflects values, it is evident what the differences are between Finnish values and American values.
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Finland does not have a $1 trillion military budget but it has a first-class military, primed to defend its borders against a Russian invasion. That’s one reason NATO was delighted to admit Finland to membership. Finland asked to join because it wanted the protection of NATO against any Russian j trusting into Finland.
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Russia had no reason to invade Finland – and indeed hasn’t invaded since Finland declared independence in 1918. But as new members of NATO who might be tempted to put NATO troops and weapons on their soil (remember the Cuban missile crisis?), Russia has reason to now. Finland may now need to sacrifice some of their wonderful social spending to increase their military budget.
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No one forced Finland to join NATO.
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No one forced Cuba to put Russian missiles on their soil either. Did that make it okay?
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Non sequitur. Cuba was dependent on Russia to prop up its economy. Finland is an independent nation that acts in its own best interest.
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What was a non sequitur was your assertion that no one forced Finland to join NATO. What difference does that make? The bottom line is that the U.S. has made it clear that they will not tolerate hostile forces/weapons near their borders. Why should Russia behave any differently?
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Dienne,
I will never understand why an intelligent woman like you is so devoted to the cause of a totalitarian nation led by a dictator.
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Finland did this in reaction to Russia’s aggression toward Ukraine. It was a defensive measure meant to tell the Russians to stay away. If Russia had succeeded with Ukraine, the Fins would have a significant reason to feel insecure if they were not with NATO.
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Russia invaded ukraine in large part because they tried to join NATO which was a very clear red line for Russia, the same way Mexico joining BRICS would be for the U.S. Doing the same thing that got one country invaded doesn’t seem like a smart way to avoid your own country getting invaded.
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Actually, Russia did invade Finland in 1940 and that caused Finland to be the only democracy to join the Axis, albeit a shaky relationship until they finally switched. A large part of Finland, Karelia, was annexed by Russia. Making it more painful for Finns, a late 19th century piece by Jean Sibelius, Karelia Suite, was something of an unofficial, rousing song that sparked Finnish nationalism.
The reason Russia had no need to invade Finland since then is because they have maintained a consistent, threatening military presence all along the border to intimidate Finland. That is the reason Finland did not join NATO until very recently; it was believed Russians would view Finnish membership as a provoked aggression. Finland was not willing to risk that step until Putin miscalculated in Ukraine. Now Russia cannot afford to maintain its threatening stance against Finland because they don’t have the manpower or equipment (hope you saw the recent May Day parade in Moscow that feature one, ONE, WWII-era tank). Ironically, now that Finland is a member of NATO, they could surely, easily, win back Karelia and a whole bunch more and literally wipe Russia out with a two-or-more-front war. Easy if lives and world stability don’t matter. And it underscores the fact, yes it is a fact, that NATO is a defensive alliance to protect its members, not to support their aggressions.
Hope that clears it up for you. It might be good to know a little about what you’re talking about before making blanket statements that have nothing to do with actual occurrences.
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Um, dienne77, Russia invaded Finland in 1939 shortly after the invasion of Poland. It’s called the Winter War: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/a-short-history-of-the-winter-war
At a minimum, make your arguments factually correct.
Putin’s Russia is untrustworthy. After watching their invented reasons for invading Ukraine, it’s pretty easy to understand Finland’s decision.
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D77: with respect, Russia invaded Finland in the winter war in 1940 following the non-aggression pact. During Soviet Russia, it basically complied with Russian foreign policy goals, buying their good will. The fall of the Soviet system led them in a new direction.
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Can’t believe I didn’t pick up on the most obvious stupidity that becomes an unintentional but revealing joke. Russia also had no reason to invade Ukraine. Invading a country because they “tried” or “might” do something on the diplomatic, nation-state relations level is truly crazy. Justifying it is keep away from strings and sharp objects nuts.
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So Russia decided to invade Ukraine because it might join NATO. Is that worth the deaths of 100,000 Russians and tens of thousands of Ukrainians? Does Russia’s concern justify its destruction of entire cities in Ukraine?
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First, anyone who knows anything about any military conflict the U.S. has been involved in knows better than to believe western casualty figures. Which is not to say that you should believe Russian figures either. It is to say that truth is the first casualty of war, so don’t believe either side’s propaganda. The documents leaked by Jack Texeira indicate that the Pentagon is aware that Ukraine has suffered as many losses as Russia if not more.
Second, you are (willfully) overlooking the thousands or tens of thousands of Ukrainian lives saved by the invasion. But those are eastern Ukrainian lives, so apparently you don’t care. As I’ve said before and as is well documented even in western media before 2022, the war started in 2014 with the U.S . backed Maiden coup and the subsequent Kiev regime assault on the ethnic Russians in eastern Ukraine which killed over 14,000 people. The Kiev regime was preparing to intensify that assault which was one of the reasons for Russia’s invasion.
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Dienne,
Putin says exactly the same as you.
For some reason, I trust western sources more than Putin.
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You only trust what you’re told to trust in the moment, even if it’s exactly the opposite of what you were told before. I’ve posted numerous western sources saying what I’m saying. Google the Texeira documents. But it’s no use because you won’t listen to anything that contradicts what you already believe no matter how much evidence. I’ve had more productive conversations with children with their fingers in their ears. Sad from someone who was willing to change her mind about education reform.
Anyway, I wish you a good evening. If you’d like the last word, it’s all yours.
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Dienne,
You can never convince me that Putin is a decent person. He’s a thug, a fascist, a tyrant and a mass murderer.
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Dienne, I deleted your last comment because I never post comments that insult me.
I dispute your view that Putin had to invade Ukraine to protect his borders. Ukraine never threatened his borders. If Ukraine had joined NATO, it was no threat to his borders. Finland, which has a very long border with Russia, will soon be a member of NATO. Does that give Putin permission to invade Finland?
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Yes, the ongoing albatross of being a “world power” becomes an excuse that keeps us from taking care of ourselves. Too many are far too focused on making America great instead of making America good. This is not meant to be and advocacy for isolationism, but an acknowledgement that the great responsibility required to be a super power often results in ignoring obligations for human rights and care.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMp7M3kx3E4
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The third movement, Alla Marcia, has to be one of the most rousing pieces in the history of music. Good to put on if you feel down or need an extra kick to get through something.
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This is an interesting piece on what’s happening in Finland. I was not surprised when I read about their “quality” schools. I was surprised by the description of their instruction as “sit and get.” Michael Moore, of filmdom fame, traveled to Finland for his documentary entitled “What Country to Invade Next” (or title close to that) and found–showed us on film–elementary schools where play was a big part of their education, and that they had adapted some of the ideas and ideals of America’s progressive era into their programs. “Sit and get,” by which I assume the writer means lectures by wise teachers, are good to a point. Teachers–especially in higher grade levels should be capable of that–but this high school teacher used lectures sparingly, which I think is more appropriate. Dewey’s maxim: “We learn by doing,” is still appropriate. To learn to think, students have to learn to analyze and make choices, not just listen and digest. To learn to write, kids have to write. Etc. I hope the writer was not saying Finland has gone to all lectures by “all-knowing” teachers.
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