Archives for category: Race

Let me start by saying that I know most of the readers of this blog dislike Ronald Reagan. Some despise him. Some remember that Reagan campaigned for the Presidency at the Neshoba County Fair in Mississippi in 1980 (not Philadelphia, Mississippi).

“But Reagan did somethingg in 1982 that is unimaginable from Trump. He read in the morning paper about a young black family in Maryland whose house Who won their civil case against a member of the Ku Klux Klan who burned a cross on their lawn. He and Mrs. Reagan paid them a visit.

“President Reagan read the story about the cross burning in his morning Washington Post. A black family in College Park, Md., had just won a civil suit against a young Ku Klux Klan leader who had been convicted of terrorizing them five years earlier.

“Reagan’s deputy press secretary, Larry Speakes, said the president was jarred by what had happened to Phillip and Barbara Butler. “That was the first thing on his mind this morning,” Speakes told The Post on May 3, 1982. White House Chief of Staff James Baker and Deputy Chief of Staff Michael Deaver walked into the Oval Office, and the first thing he said to them was, “ ‘I’ve read this story. I’d like to go see these people.’ ”

“Deaver found the Butlers at their jobs at the Government Printing Office, where they both worked as printers, and told them the president wanted to visit them at their home.”

“The Butlers had been newlyweds when they bought the house in 1976. They were the fifth black family to move into the neighborhood. They had lived there for five months when, on Jan. 30, 1977, the Klan burned the cross on their front lawn….

“He finished his last meetings at the White House at 4:15 p.m. Fifteen minutes later, he and first lady Nancy Reagan climbed aboard a helicopter on the White House lawn.

“A few minutes later, the helicopter landed in Beltsville, Md., and the president and first lady rode in a motorcade to the Butlers’ beige brick rambler in College Park Woods.

“The Butlers, their 4-year-old daughter, Natasha, and Barbara Butler’s mother, Dorothea Tolson, were waiting outside to greet them.

The Reagans arrived with a jar of gourmet jelly beans, the president’s favorite candy. The Butlers invited them inside, where they sat on the sofa in the living room.

“Rimer, who then was a Post Metro reporter, remembers how dignified the Butlers were. “My one memory is of how great the family was,” said Rimer, who now works in communications at Boston University. “My thought was, ‘How could someone do that to them?’ ”

“Inside the house, Reagan told the family: “I came out to let you know that this [cross burning] isn’t something that should happen in America.”

I can’t imagine Trump showing compassion to a black family.

Carol Anderson, professor of African-American Studies at Emory University, wrote today in the New York Times about the formula that lies behind Donald Trump’s rise and election: white resentment.

She writes:

If there is one consistent thread through Mr. Trump’s political career, it is his overt connection to white resentment and white nationalism. Mr. Trump’s fixation on Barack Obama’s birth certificate gave him the white nationalist street cred that no other Republican candidate could match, and that credibility has sustained him in office — no amount of scandal or evidence of incompetence will undermine his followers’ belief that he, and he alone, could Make America White Again.

The guiding principle in Mr. Trump’s government is to turn the politics of white resentment into the policies of white rage — that calculated mechanism of executive orders, laws and agency directives that undermines and punishes minority achievement and aspiration. No wonder that, even while his White House sinks deeper into chaos, scandal and legislative mismanagement, Mr. Trump’s approval rating among whites (and only whites) has remained unnaturally high. Washington may obsess over Obamacare repeal, Russian sanctions and the debt ceiling, but Mr. Trump’s base sees something different — and, to them, inspiring.

Like on Christmas morning, every day brings his supporters presents: travel bans against Muslims, Immigration and Customs Enforcement raids in Hispanic communities and brutal, family-gutting deportations, a crackdown on sanctuary cities, an Election Integrity Commission stacked with notorious vote suppressors, announcements of a ban on transgender personnel in the military, approval of police brutality against “thugs,” a denial of citizenship to immigrants who serve in the armed forces and a renewed war on drugs that, if it is anything like the last one, will single out African-Americans and Latinos although they are not the primary drug users in this country. Last week, Mr. Trump and Attorney General Jeff Sessions put the latest package under the tree: a staffing call for a case on reverse discrimination in college admissions, likely the first step in a federal assault on affirmative action and a determination to hunt for colleges and universities that discriminate against white applicants…

That white resentment simply found a new target for its ire is no coincidence; white identity is often defined by its sense of being ever under attack, with the system stacked against it. That’s why Mr. Trump’s policies are not aimed at ameliorating white resentment, but deepening it. His agenda is not, fundamentally, about creating jobs or protecting programs that benefit everyone, including whites; it’s about creating purported enemies and then attacking them.

In the end, white resentment is so myopic and selfish that it cannot see that when the larger nation is thriving, whites are, too. Instead, it favors policies and politicians that may make America white again, but also hobbled and weakened, a nation that has squandered its greatest assets — its people and its democracy.

Professor Anderson fears that Trump’s skillful manipulation of angry whites will keep him in office.

But Trump’s current poll rating–which he does not mention–is 33%. That is his hardcore basis of angry white people. They still believe in him. They believe he will provide healthcare for everyone. They believe he has a secret plan to end the Afghanistan war. They believe he will build a great wall to keep out immigrants. They still chant “lock her up” at his rallies, which give him the inspiration to ignore the poll numbers and the general scorn heaped on him by the mainstream media.

33% is not a number that impresses his fellow Republicans. They are not afraid of him any more.

This will be a long few years. We must build and plan now to take back our country. Join the Indivisibles. Join the Flippables. Join People for the American Way. Join the ACLU. Support the Southern Poverty Law Center. Support the Education Law Center. Join the Network for Public Education.

Use democracy to support democracy! Get involved! Resist!

The Washington Post reports that Trump questioned whether an important funding source for Historically Black Colleges and Universities is constitutional.

“In February, President Trump invited leaders from historically black colleges and universities to the White House, a move they hoped signaled his support for the institutions and showed an effort to give them more clout in his administration. But critics had a more cynical description of the Oval Office meeting: a photo op.

“Those naysayers got more ammunition Friday after the White House released a signing statement connected to the recently approved federal funding measure. Tucked away in the last paragraph, the White House announced that it would treat a program that helps HBCUs get low-cost construction loans “in a manner consistent with the (Constitutional) requirement to afford equal protection of the laws.”

“People in higher education circles worried that the statement meant that the president was planning to get rid of a capital financing program that helps historically black colleges repair, renovate and build new facilities. Congress approved the program in 1992 after finding that “HBCUs often face significant challenges in accessing traditional funding resources at reasonable rates,” according to the Education Department.”

This raises many questions.

What about Trump’s pledge to be supportive of African Americans?

What will Betsy DeVos say about this when she speaks at an HBCU in a few days and receives an honorary degree?

What does Donald Trump know about the Constitution?

Has he ever read it?

The resegregation of American schools got a boost from a federal judge in Alabama, who ruled that a mostly white city was allowed to secede from a school district that was desegregated, even though she acknowledged that the motive was to restore racial segregation.

A federal judge’s ruling this week that allows a predominantly white Alabama city to separate from its more diverse school district is stoking new debate about the fate of desegregation initiatives after decades of efforts to promote racial balance in public education.

Judge Madeline Haikala of the U.S. District Court in Birmingham ruled that the city of Gardendale’s effort to break away was motivated by race and sent messages of racial inferiority and exclusion that “assail the dignity of black schoolchildren.”

She also found that Gardendale failed to meet its legal burden to prove that its separation would not hinder desegregation in Jefferson County, which has been struggling to integrate its schools since black parents first sued for an equal education for their children in the 1960s.

Still, Haikala ruled Monday that Gardendale may move forward with the secession, basing her decision in part on sympathy for some parents who want local control over schools and in part on concern for black students caught in the middle. The judge wrote that she feared they would bear the blame if she blocked the city’s bid.

U.W. Clemon, who represents black plaintiffs in the case, said the ruling undermines more than half a century of integration efforts. “If this decision stands, it will have a tremendous adverse impact,” Clemon said.

An Alabama town voted to get its own school district. This is why opponents call it segregation. Play Video1:26
Gardendale, a small suburb of Birmingham, Ala., has been on a crusade for several years to create an independent school system. This is why the city’s efforts have civil rights and local officials concerned about segregation. (Claritza Jimenez/The Washington Post)
Other majority-white communities in Jefferson County are already considering setting up their own school systems, said Clemon, who is a retired federal judge.

Haikala’s ruling says to them that “if Gardendale can do it, with its history of racism . . . then any other city would have the right to do what Gardendale has done,” Clemon said.

The Justice Department under Obama opposed Gardendale’s effort to secede from the district. The Trump Justice Department has thus far had no comment. Wonder what Attorney General Sessions will say. Wonder what the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights will say.

Has the Great Retreat begun?

The U.S. Department of Education has been a major force in protecting the civil rights of students and promoting desegregation.

But, writes Jeff Bryant, these issues do not seem to be part of Betsy DeVos’s agenda. Nor are they a high priority for Jeff Sessions at the Justice Department.

He writes:

“So far, Trump’s Education Secretary Betsy DeVos has sent numerous signs she is assembling a staff and laying down a policy mindset that seems indifferent – if not outright averse – to the needs of nonwhite students.

“DeVos has taken the helm of federal education policy at a time when black and brown school children and youth critically need leaders in the federal government to address their needs.

“The number of Latino, African-American, and Asian students in public K-12 schools passed the number of non-Hispanic whites over two years ago. Nevertheless, schools have become more racially segregated than they were 40 years ago.

“The weight of research evidence shows when schools are racially and socioeconomically integrated, all students – even the white kids – benefit academically and in their social and emotional capabilities. Yet, without strong federal leadership, states and local districts generally shirk their responsibilities to enforce school integration.

“Racial segregation is not the only problem nonwhite students confront in schools. Students of color in our nation’s schools are disproportionally more apt to receive out-of-school suspensions than their white peers, which significantly raises their tendency to eventually get entangled in the criminal justice system. A recent report from the Center for Popular Democracy found that in New York City alone these punitive school discipline programs cost the city more than $746 million annually.

“How may we expect a DeVos administration to step up to address these challenges?

“As I reported shortly after her nomination, DeVos has a problematic track record on civil rights, based on her actions in Michigan to promote school choice programs that significantly worsened the state’s racial and socioeconomic segregation of schools.

“In one of her earliest moves as Secretary, DeVos announced her department’s decision to end a federal grant program created during the Obama administration to encourage more diversity in schools. Experts on poverty and race had called her handling of that program “a real test of her commitment to school integration.” She flunked it.

“More alarming is recent news of how many new hires for the education department have a history of making racially offensive comments and expressing controversial opinions on efforts to level the social and economic playing field for African-Americans and other racial minorities.”

Choice promotes segregation by race, religion, and income. The more she sticks to the only script she knows, the more segregated our society will become.

To hear her and Trump speak about education as “the civil rights issue of our time” is to drown in hypocrisy.

A new report from the Federal Government Accountability Office criticized charter schools in D.C. for their high suspension rates. Will Betsy DeVos care?

Washington Post columnist Joe Davidson writes:


A new Government Accountability Office (GAO) report says suspension and expulsion rates for charters in the capital city are double the national rate and disproportionately high for black students and those with disabilities.

During the 2013-2014 school year, for example, “D.C charter schools had about a 13 percent suspension rate, while the national rate for all charter schools was about 6 percent,” the GAO reported. “This was also true for expulsions, with charter schools in D.C. reporting double the rate of charter schools nationally.”

The agency that oversees charter schools in the District acknowledges it has issues, but it also had problems with the GAO’s findings. In a response included in the report, the D.C. Public Charter School Board said the GAO “reaches some inaccurate conclusions and from these draws ill-advised recommendations” because it did not use more recent data.

Data from the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 school years show that “steady and significant progress has been made every year in reducing out-of-school discipline,” the board said in response.

If there is good news here, it’s only by comparison. D.C. charter suspension and expulsion rates did fall from the 2011-2012 to the 2013-2014 academic years. Also, the charter suspension rate is only a little higher than that of the city’s traditional public schools.

But that’s not good enough.

When D.C. charter schools kick students out, they are not allowed to return, the GAO reported. They generally transfer to a traditional public school.

“In contrast, D.C. traditional public schools generally do not expel students,” the GAO said. “Instead, D.C. traditional public schools generally use long-term suspensions (greater than 11 days) and temporarily transfer these students to an alternative middle and high school.”

It’s no surprise that the greater suspension and expulsion rates for charter schools fall heavily on black students. From preschool discipline and throughout the criminal justice system, studies have shown that black people are treated more harshly than white people for similar conduct.

The GAO “found that the rates of suspension for Black students in D.C. charter schools were about six times higher than the rates for White students and the rates for students with disabilities were almost double the rates for students without disabilities.”

Leila Morsy and Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute have written a new report on how mass incarceration affects children’s outcomes in school. Here is a summary that they wrote. Please read the full report.

 

They write here:

 

Black parents, especially black fathers, are incarcerated at a rate that is unmatched by any other country in the modern world. Largely to blame for such unjustified rates are our racially discriminatory “war on drugs” policies that began in the 1970s. While crime, especially violent crime, has declined since the 1990s, arrests and incarceration have continued to rise.

 

This should be of urgent concern to anyone interested in education policy. The mass incarceration of African American men has important damaging consequences for children in school. The number of children affected by mass incarceration is now so great that we can reasonably infer that it contributes significantly to lowered achievement of African American children and thus to the gap in cognitive and non-cognitive achievement between black and white children.

 

In a new report, Mass Incarceration and Children’s Outcomes, we review research across the fields of criminal justice, health, sociology, epidemiology, and economics. We describe the growth in incarceration of the past few years, and how an African American child is much more likely to have an incarcerated parent than a white child, a circumstance not justified by differences by race in criminal activity. We then review the extensive research demonstrating that when parents are incarcerated, children do worse across cognitive and non-cognitive outcome measures. We review convincing research that shows, for example, that children of incarcerated parents are at increased risk of dropping out of school. They are more likely to develop learning disabilities, including ADHD. Their behavior in school deteriorates. They are at heightened risk of worse physical and mental health, including migraines, asthma, high cholesterol, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The statistical sophistication of the studies we reviewed reasonably eliminates the possibility that the shortcomings we describe in student outcomes may be attributable to socioeconomic or demographic characteristics of the children, rather than to their parents’ present or previous incarceration. Our report concludes with criminal justice policy recommendations to raise the achievement of children with incarcerated parents.

 

President Obama has responded to this discriminatory sentencing with a stepped-up rate of pardons and commutations. But such presidential action is not enough: Most prisoners are in state facilities, not federal ones. In 2014, over 700,000 prisoners nationwide were serving sentences of a year or longer for non-violent crimes. Over 600,000 of these were in state, not federal prisons.

 

“Stop and frisk” practices by local police, advocated by President-elect Trump, is not a federal policy. Once in office, Mr. Trump will have little influence over it. Reform of local and state government policies and practices that result in excessive and discriminatory incarceration is no less realistic or urgent now than it was before the presidential election.

 

State policymakers have great reach to change criminal justice policies that will positively impact how children do in school. Educators should embrace reform as a priority for advocacy. Children’s cognitive and behavioral problems caused by mass incarceration are difficult for teachers to overcome. Decreasing the number of black children affected by mass incarceration is likely to have a greater positive effect on student achievement than many school-based reforms currently advocated by education policymakers. Criminal justice policy is education policy.

 

 

Jeff Sessions has a long history of racism. He was nominated for a federal judgeship and rejected by a Republican-led Senate because of his history of racist comments and actions. More recently, before entering the U.S. Senate, he was attorney general of Alabama. In that role, he fought to preserve the unequal funding of public schools in Alabama. 

 

President-elect Donald Trump has chosen Senator Jeff Sessions as Attorney General in his administration, the person who is supposed to enforce all the laws.

 

This is a dark time.

 

But it may lead to a rebirth of energy, vitality, and focus on the other side of the aisle.

Robin Darling Young, a native of Hampton, Virginia, writes in Commonweal magazine about the frightening possibility that Trump has rekindled the spirit of white nationalism and race hatred that she knew so well in her youth. https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/fence-water

“To comprehend fully the anarchic spectacle of Donald Trump—a show unhindered by the guiding political and religious institutions of the United States—it helps to have been a young white woman growing up a half century ago, as I did, inside the border of the Old Confederacy. In my Tidewater hometown of Hampton, Virginia, democratic hopes were abundant. The twenty years after World War II had seen American progressivism pry open the old Southern social order and force it to admit black Americans. Southern integrationists expected that another generation or two would banish Jim Crow forever, more or less as the scourge of polio had yielded to Salk’s vaccine. Such things were inevitable, after all, like the ever-rising prosperity guaranteed by American industry and empire.

“What the progressives of my girlhood did not foresee was the postindustrial impoverishment of the working class; furthermore, even as the Republicans’ Southern Strategy captured the Old South, those same progressives failed to reckon with the lasting wages of America’s original sin. In time these two phenomena combined with ominous ramification. The crash of 2008 underscored the insecurity of the white working and middle classes, and in the context of this abiding insecurity, Trump’s slogan of “Make America Great Again” now clearly signals its real meaning: bring back white jobs, and with it white male power, to quell the threat of dark-skinned immigrants and the menace of black urban neighborhoods. Like the witch of Endor, Trump has the power to summon America’s undead, in the form of the white nationalists now relabeled the “alt-right.” Seizing the legacy of the new Southern Republicanism rooted in Richard Nixon’s cynical appeal to Dixiecrats, he has reanimated the race-hatred of the Old South.

“The success of Trump’s dog-whistle appeal to race comes as no surprise to someone who observed firsthand the satisfactions that white Southerners took in segregation. In my 1950s childhood, Confederate statues and flags sanctified the landscape throughout the South. My nursery-school class marched, battle-flags clutched in our hands, to commemorate Confederate Memorial Day. My elementary school class watched Gone With The Wind during the Centennial. My Episcopalian parish featured a statue of a Confederate soldier in its graveyard, facing the town’s main street. My second-grade class excursion to Richmond included a devotional visit to Lee’s statue, where we learned that his boots had no spurs because the noble “General Lee would harm neither man nor beast.” At the time Virginia was fighting in vain to hold the line against miscegenation, its bitter defeat inscribed in the Supreme Court’s 1967 landmark ruling in Loving v. Virginia. Four decades after the last lynching in the state in 1926—which occurred after a white woman gave birth to a “mixed” baby and named a black man as the father—racial lines remained clear, and white women and black men knew all too well that they must not touch in public. Yet everyone also knew that the paler, blue-eyed blacks among us had come from precisely such unions….

“Though Donald Trump’s path to victory appears increasingly narrow as the election approaches, his ascendancy to the Republican nomination—boosted by his coded segregationist rhetoric—has left a mark on American politics. Even if he loses, he’s emboldened the dormant monster of white supremacy, in part by nurturing a pernicious lie that played to white resentment at the election of a black president. Assessing the significance of Trump’s appeal, John Cassidy, writing in The New Yorker, warned of a “long-term Trumpian movement —a nationalist, nativist, protectionist, and authoritarian movement that will forever be associated with him, but which also has the capacity to survive beyond him.” While Trump himself might lack the discipline of a serious candidate, Cassidy reasoned, another leader could arise in four or eight years to lead a movement like the Know Nothings of the 1840s or the America First Committee of the 1930s.”

We have been warned.

The corporate reformers love standardized testing. They treat the scores as sacred truths. The scores are the measure of success or failure. We hear again and again that school choice will close the achievement gap. We hear it from rightwing think tanks and governor’s who never showed any interest in the well-being of poor children and children of color. As a matter of fact, the achievement gap will never close because it is a reflection of the measure. Standardized tests are normed on a bell curve. The bell curve never closes.

Steven Singer explains the problem with standardized tests. They measure privilege. Their standard is whiteness and advantage. They give honor to those who have the most.

He writes:

“We talk about standardized testing as if we don’t really understand what it is.

“We say we want No child left behind!

“And then we pass a law named after that very sentiment that ensures some students MUST be left behind.

“We say we want Every student to succeed!

“And then we pass a law named after that very sentiment that ensures every student will NOT succeed.

“It would be absurd if not for the millions of children being forced to endure the harsh reality behind our pretty words.

“It’s not these ideals that are the problem. It’s standardized testing.

“Researchers, statisticians, and academics of every stripe have called for an end to high stakes testing in education policy. Parents, students and teachers have written letters, testified before congressional committees, protested in the streets, even refused to take or give the tests. All to deaf ears.

“The federal government still requires all students in 3-8th grade and once in high school to take standardized tests.

“But these assessments are graded on a curve. A certain amount of students are at the bottom, a certain amount are at the top, and most are clustered in the middle. This would be true if you were testing all geniuses or all people with traumatic brain injuries.

“It doesn’t matter how smart your test takers are. There will always be this bell curve distribution. That’s how the tests are designed. So to talk about raising test scores is nonsensical. You can raise scores at school A or School B, but the total set of all test takers will always be the same. And some students will always fail.

“But that isn’t even the worst part.

“Standardization, itself, has certain consequences. We seem to have forgotten what the term even means. It’s defined as the act of evaluating someone or something by reference to a standard.”