Archives for category: Students

Not long after corporate reform started in New York City, the Department of Education adopted a formula promoted by conservative think tanks called “fair student funding” or “weighted student funding.” The surface idea was that each child would have the money he or she deserved “strapped to his/her back.” (Sorry for the clumsy effort to be gender neutral.) The real purpose, from the point of view of those on the right, was to enable students to go to charter schools or maybe even voucher schools bringing their public dollars with them. After all it was only “fair.”

In New York City, the funding system was designed by Robert Gordon, an economist and reformer who now works for President Obama’s Office of Management and Budget.

A reader in New York City examined how fair student funding was affecting the schools serving the neediest students. The answer: they get a raw deal.

Wouldn’t you think that in an effort to be fair, the DOE would attach MORE funding to students who have the greatest needs? It turns out that they aren’t even getting a fair deal.

The New York State Department of Education has expressed concern about New York City’s pattern of concentrating high needs students in specific schools. New York City has refused to acknowledge the merit of those concerns.  In fact, the leaders of New York City’s schools place all responsibility on individual schools as in this recent story.

Blaming schools and teachers seems to have become the go-to strategy of high-level education bureaucrats. This is one way to avoid personal accountability. All they need to do is “evaluate” schools using standardized exams and manage their “portfolio” of schools using a range of punitive measures. We decided to look at one area where these bureaucrats can’t deny their role in helping schools either ameliorate or worsen the effects of poverty on kids. Namely, how does the New York City Department of Education fund the richest and poorest schools? As can be seen in the charts below these bureaucrats have decided to fund schools in ways that increase these inequities. The richest 10 elementary/middle schools (as measured by the percent of students who are eligible to receive free lunch) receive an average of 89.1% of the funds they are entitled to by the city’s own formula. On the other hand, the poorest 10 schools receive an average of 82.7% of the funds they are entitled to.  The range of values also favors the richest schools. None of them receive less than 86% of their funding formula. Some of the poorest schools, on the other hand, receive 22% less money than they would be entitled to under the city’s “Fair” Student Funding formula. 

Richest Schools

% of Fair Student Funding Actually Received

School Name

% of Students Free Lunch

90.68 Special Music School

3.7%

88.52 P.S. 006 Lillie D. Blake

4.6%

89.34 The Anderson School

4.6%

88.08 P.S. 77 Lower Lab School

5.7%

86.09 P.S. 234 Independence School

6.4%

93.07 P.S. 098 The Douglaston School

6.4%

87.23 P.S. 89

6.7%

90.89 BATTERY PARK CITY SCHOOL

7.4%

88.1 P.S. 041 Greenwich Village

7.9%

89.16 P.S. 290 Manhattan New School

9.3%

 

Poorest Schools

% of Fair Student Funding Actually Received

School Name

% of Students Free Lunch

85.4 P.S. 167 The Parkway

98.9%

79.35 P.S. 199X – The Shakespeare School

99.1%

78.81 P.S. 115 Alexander Humboldt

99.5%

80.14 M.S. 302 Luisa Dessus Cruz

99.6%

102.67 P.S. 034 Franklin D. Roosevelt

99.7%

Closed M.S. 321 – Minerva

100.0%

84.76 P.S. 025 Bilingual School

100.0%

78.57 P.S. 230 Dr Roland N. Patterson

100.0%

78.02 I.S. X303 Leadership & Community Service

100.0%

79.46 P.S. 291

100.0%

 

Perhaps when these bureaucrats announce that “poverty is not destiny” they could explain why they insist on sending poor kids to schools that they have deliberately impoverished through their own decisions. Do they feel that schools with poor kids don’t deserve the same funding as schools with rich kids? 

A retired teacher writes about her experiences teaching in an inner-city school in Hartford, Connecticut:

I retired last June, after nearly 38 years of teaching at M. L. King Elementary School, in Hartford, CT. ,one of the poorest mid-sized cities in the nation.   As I listen to the President, educational leaders, media commentators, and many in the concerned public, I am always distressed by the degree of blame and scorn heaped upon “failing” city schoolteachers and their “obstructionist “ unions.  While I believe that the expressed concerns regarding the state of education in our poorest communities are valid, the solutions seem to be leaving many of our most vulnerable students even further behind.

I began my teaching career with a Masters in Urban Education, from Columbia University.  Over the years, I earned 90 college credits beyond my masters, all in efforts to improve instruction.  My last year of teaching, as in most other years, I was at school daily until 5, 6, 7, or even 8:00 PM.  In addition, I took work home at night, and over the weekend as well.  There are countless other teachers just like me. With all of our training, experience, and effort, we faced “failure” on a daily basis.

With the advent of “magnet”, and “charter” schools, I watched the population of King School decrease by more than half.  It had been, for years, a stable community school, with parents, children, and sometimes grandchildren being taught by the same teachers who spent their entire professional lives serving this community.  Out of district families often requested special permission to attend the school.  Over time, the student population of King School has decreased by more than half, with numbers of students leaving to attend “choice” schools.  Unfortunately, many, if not most of the students and families who left, were those who had greater economic, educational, emotional, and social advantages.  It takes time, knowledge, and energy for parents to apply to these choice schools. The application process is now on line.  Those families without time, computer skills, or even basic literacy are excluded.  Those students left behind require more resources, yet in the current decentralized, competitive school model, they receive far less.

Despite all of these disadvantages, Martin Luther King School teachers have demonstrated marked improvement on test scores for two consecutive years. They are no longer considered a “failing school”. Yet in spite of these efforts, teachers were recently told that their school will be shut down.  Not immediately, but phased out over three or four years. King School will be replaced by a charter school.  Teachers will gradually be laid off.  The nine teachers who are being cut this year have been informed that they might not have the option to transfer to another Hartford Public School. It seems to me that we have stepped through the looking glass, with all reason and fairness having evaporated.

I can’t help but compare my teaching experiences to those of my sister, who works in a nearby suburban school.  She earns more money than the teachers in Hartford. She works in a brand new building, with state of the art equipment.   While she is a hard working teacher, she works far fewer hours.  She does not have to deal with an enormous amount of paperwork documenting her efforts to improve instruction for large numbers of academically deficient students.  Her students are overwhelmingly well cared-for, and it is highly unlikely that any of them have encountered drug dealers or traumatic violence in their neighborhoods.  These children have, for the most part, grown up with respect, and in turn, have been taught to respect others, particularly their teacher.  She has a wealth of supplemental materials she may need, at hand.  She’s never had to spend her own money on crayons, markers, copy paper, or other critical supplies.  When school begins in the fall, she is treated to a teacher’s luncheon, provided by the school PTA.  She has well-educated parent volunteers in her classroom every day, to assist her students while she delivers small group reading instruction.  At holiday time, she comes home with bags full of gifts given to her by the children, and their parents.  At the end of the school year, she gets expensive gift certificates, cooperatively given by the parents in her class, as a thank you gift for all she has done.  Most importantly, she is not blamed for her students’ failure to meet proficiency.  They are usually all at, or above proficiency.  She is a member of a teacher union that bargains for improvements in teachers’ pay and working conditions  (amount of preparation time, additional duties, etc.).  It is a source of counsel and support,  should she be harassed or mistreated.

Many teachers in Hartford are presently trapped, due to an economic situation which has resulted in few teacher openings, but this will soon change.  The “baby boom” generation of teachers is about to retire, and cities and towns will be in competition to hire the best and the brightest.  It doesn’t take an Ivy League education to see the stark disparity in the respect afforded teachers throughout the state and the nation.  When my generation entered the ranks of teachers determined to fight the “War on Poverty” in our cities, we understood that resources were unevenly allocated, and we’d no doubt have to work harder than our suburban counterparts.  At the same time, we worked collaboratively with administrators and, for the most part, received respect (if not appreciation) from the society at large.

In this brave new world of high stakes testing, and teacher accountability (note that there is little to measure parent, community, or student accountability), I fear for our most vulnerable children.  Who will choose to subject themselves to the very vulnerable position of teaching in our poor urban districts?  The disparity in pay, resources, and most importantly respect, will lead teachers to more stable careers in suburban school districts.  Our city children will be left further and further behind.  The tragedy of lost potential will only be magnified.

Will Fitzhugh created a publication called The Concord Review many years ago. It publishes excellent student historical research. If you read these history papers, you would think that some of them had been written by scholars with many degrees. It is amazing the quality of work that students can write when they have the motive and the opportunity.

Over the years, Will has written often about the importance of encouraging students to work hard and to take academics seriously. He created a “National Writing Board” to promote student research and writing. He speaks about “varsity academics.” He knows that when students have the chance to see their work published, they are inspired to do their best.

One other thing about Will. He quit his regular job as a history teacher to create and produce The Concord Review. This is a publication created and sustained by his passion. He has tried repeatedly to get money from foundations and has been turned down again and again. He has sought government grants, but no interest there.

Here is a fine sample of his work as a writer and thinker. Will reminds us that if students don’t do their best, teachers can’t make them.

Teachers know this. Parents used to know it. Only our nation’s policynakers think that teachers are solely responsible for what students do or don’t do.

 

I discovered Stephanie Rivera on Twitter. Ah, the power of social media. Stephanie took issue with Students for Education Reform, which is a mini-version of the Wall Street hedge fund managers group called Democrats for Education Reform. DFER thinks that charter schools will close the achievement gap, but sadly there is no evidence==other than an anecdote about a handful of charters–that this remotely possible on any scale. It hasn’t happened in Washington, D.C., which is awash in TFA and charters, nor in New Orleans, nor in New York City. Where is the evidence that they can close the achievement gap other than by skimming top students and kicking out low-performing students?

Stephanie met with the leaders of SFER in her part of New Jersey, and they tried to convince her she was wrong to be devoted to the public schools. Stephanie can’t understand why they would turn their backs on the schools where 90% of American students are. I think this is called “lifeboat” strategy, where you pluck a few kids and pat yourself on the back instead of trying to save the ship.

Well, as it happens, the ship is under attack from the likes of DFER and SFER and SFC and a long list of well-funded alphabet groups, but it is definitely not going down.

And the charters, we now know, are extremely varied. Some are excellent, some are dreadful, most are no different from public schools. And some are run by profiteers, who use tax dollars to pay off investors.

Lurking between the lines are class issues; the SFERs are at Princeton, Stephanie is at Rutgers. ‘Nuff said.

Be strong, Stephanie!

Many experienced and expert teachers are waiting to give you a hand when you join them.

My article with the title above appeared on CNN.com.

They heard from you. They invited me to respond and this is the article I wrote.

I think that if we all speak up again and again and again and again, and tell the truth, supported by facts and experience, our voices will be heard.

Write letters to the editor, comment on blogs, speak up at public meetings, do what you can, when you can, where you can.

Your actions will encourage others.

And that is how a movement is built.

From the ground up.

Not with billions of dollars, but with millions of willing hands and hearts and minds.

A reader comments, with more wisdom than anything now coming from the U.S. Department of Education. He also explains how to end the reign of error:

The flawed testing approach continues to be pushed without debate because open honest discussion, involving true experts in the fields of child development, education (and ed-research), and valid data gathering/application would reveal painful truths for those behind the brand of reform we are seeing.

Truth1: Increasing the amount of tests as a means of finding and firing bad teachers is a perversion of assessment in education. Assessments are tools for teachers to use in shaping instruction for their students’ individual needs, which vary between students and can change year to year. Once well-funded and empowered, schools identified and addressed these varying needs. Schools have been attacked and de-funded over time, leaving them less able to address the range of needs students have.  As the economy has further crippled average families, students come to school with more challenges, the attack on schools and the teaching profession has intensified.The intention of “reformers” to use assessment to attack the profession instead of inform it is undeniable  as teacher evals are based mostly on the test results-despite the fact that the brand new CCL standards haven’t been fully integrated with curriculum and the tests being used haven’t even reached final phase of development. Yet the identifying “bad” teachers using this amorphous data has been priority. Truth number one is that reform isn’t really about valid improvements to the education of children. It’s about: 1) control and redirection of public funds, 2) profits for a testing/charter industry that dominates the reform narrative, 3) intimidation of a profession with a long history of middle class empowerment and political activism.

Truth 2: The focus on schools and teachers as the source of educational ills is treating a symptom, not curing the disease. This isn’t a result of misguided naivete or ignorance, it is intentional. There is plenty of data linking economic hardship to family insecurity and disruption to lack of “school readiness” to final educational outcomes. Schools and teachers can work hard to maximize potential and help students surpass obstacles that might otherwise hold them back, but what if policymakers continue creating more obstacles? Well, they ARE creating those obstacles, and they know it. Unfortunately, as policymakers they currently have the power to not only create the obstacles-they also have the power to divert attention and shift the blame.

Truth number 3 is we need to take back our democracy. We can no longer be afraid to be politically active within our schools if we have to protect our students. We need to be heard, we need to vote, and we need as many doing it as we can possibly get.

I just got this post on Twitter by a student who wants no part of the DFER-like “Students for Education Reform,” created at Princeton to advance the corporate reform agenda. This student is amazing! Impressive research, real understanding about how words can be used to deceive, and a grasp of the issues.

There is a bottom-line question that no one ever answers: If DFER and SFER and SFC and TFA and StudentsFirst and other corporate reformers already know how to close the achievement gap, as they repeatedly claim, why are there no examples of it anywhere? It hasn’t happened in New York City, after ten long years of corporate-style reform; it hasn’t happened in New Orleans since Katrina even though 80% of the children are in charter schools; it didn’t happen in D.C., under Michelle Rhee (which still has the biggest gaps in the nation). Why do they keep saying they know how to do it when they haven’t done it? At some point, the dance ends. And the bill comes due for all those promises and claims.

 

Sheila Kaplan’s organization “Education New York & Information Policy Watch” is zealously devoted to protecting the privacy rights of students.

In response to a post about whether the U.S. Department of Education was overreaching with the latest expansion of its regulatory power, she sent the following comment:

The US Department of Education is overreaching in more than one area. This is why EPIC is suing US ED under APA. EPIC v US ED:http://educationnewyork.com/files/1-main.pdf EPIC v US ED motion:http://educationnewyork.com/files/11-main_epic_USED.pdf

What is this about? The U.S. Department of Education unilaterally rewrote the regulations governing the release of information about individual students. Their right to privacy was eroded, the lawsuit says, without Congressional hearings or legislation or oversight.

As Kaplan writes on her website, “EPIC has filed a lawsuit under the Administrative Procedure Act against the Department of Education. EPIC’s lawsuit argues that the agency’s December 2011 regulations amending the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act exceed the agency’s statutory authority, and are contrary to law. The agency issued the revised regulations despite the fact that ‘numerous commenters . . . believe the Department lacks the statutory authority to promulgate the proposed regulations.'”

What’s with this administration? What’s their goal? How does it improve education if student information is made available to marketers and snoopers? Why the obsession with data? Why doesn’t Congress rein in this out-of-control federal agency?

Our education leaders are in love with ideas that are proven not to work and they ignore evidence that their preferred strategies don’t work.

After a decade of No Child Left Behind, Congress won’t admit that it failed. There are still many millions of children left behind–not “no child”–yet Congress can’t bring itself to ditch its failed program. 

Every day brings new evidence that the policies of Race to the Top are hardly different from those of NCLB. They rely on the same strategies of testing, punishment, and choice, with an added dollop of privatization. Why is a Democratic administration so devoted to a Republican policy agenda? Why is a Democratic administration even more devoted to privatization than NCLB?

If we ever come to our senses, there is a better way. Our policymakers decided to treat schools as totally separate from society, to ignore the social and economic conditions that affect student performance. This is wrong. Here is a nice summary of policies that have worked wherever they were tried, but are ignored by our leaders. The formula is simple: Improve the lives of children, and their academic performance will improve.

When will they wake up? When will Arne Duncan and President Obama and the governors and legislators and state chiefs and mayors wake up? When will Stand for Children start standing for children? When will StudentsFirst actually put students first, not teachers last? When will the education reformers realize that schools and society are intertwined?

I have posted a few times about the importance of stability. This is because we have public officials in Washington and in the states, as well as think tank pundits, who think it is a good idea to close schools, open schools, repeat again and again, fire teachers and principals and call it a “turnaround.” They disregard the issue of stability. They think that churn of staff and disruption of schools are “reforms.” That’s because they think of students as cogs or widgets or inanimate objects that can be moved about at will.

Another teacher explains why stability matters to his students:

“…my students need stability.”  And so do mine, especially when they come from home environments and situations that are in a constant state of insecurity over the basic necessities of food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and legal and/or custody issues.  For many of my students, school provides an oasis of caring that makes it possible for them to learn, and may just be the best seven hours of their day.  At school they are assured of breakfast, lunch, access to school-based health care, and supervision and instruction from a committed faculty and staff with deep roots in the community, from the time the bus picks them up in the morning until they are safely returned in the afternoon.  Along with knowing all the established routines and unwritten subtleties that go into operating our school on a daily basis, we also know our children – their strengths, needs, personalities, families, who they can or can’t work with, what strategies do or don’t work for them, and we monitor and adjust as necessary to promote their continued growth while ensuring their safety and stability.  We are a village and we’re doing a pretty good job raising our children to become competent and caring citizens because we know and value the difference between human capital and human beings.