Archives for category: Education Reform

Josh Cowen interviewed me by email about my life, after reading my book An Education: How I Changed My Mind About Schools and Almost Everything Else.

I think you will enjoy reading the interview.

He asks important questions about me and changes in my life.

Olga Lautman is the go-to source on Russia and Ukraine. A Senior Fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis, she writes about foreign policy in Eastern Europe and organized crime networks in Russia. She writes here about the “peace plan” that Trump has worked out with Putin. The Trump administration’s fealty to Putin puts us on the sidelines–or worse, as facilitators– as Putin rains death on Ukrainian homes, schools, and civilian populations every night.

Lautman writes:

Today was another sickening day — as Russia carried out one of its more deadly terrorist attacks across Ukraine while Putin’s puppets, Trump and Steve Witkoff, continue preparing yet another Kremlin attempt to force Ukraine into surrender. Russia launched 476 drones and 48 missiles in coordinated strikes that killed 26 civilians — including three children — wounded 141 more, and leveled residential buildings in the Ukrainian city of Ternopil, tearing families apart as they slept. It is part of Russia’s deliberate, systematic effort to ensure that no Ukrainian, not even a sleeping child, is safe anywhere in their homeland. The attack violated NATO airspace, forced Poland and Romania to scramble fighter jets and activate their highest air-defense posture, and exposed once again that Russia continues to escalate because it knows the West, paralyzed by caution and U.S. political dysfunction, will do absolutely nothing to stop it.

And as Ukrainians were still digging survivors out from under rubble, Trump’s hand-picked “envoy,” real estate developer Steve Witkoff, managed to accidentally reveal the Russian source behind an Axios article by posting on X what he believed was a private DM: “He must have got this from K.” “K” is Kirill Dmitriev, Putin’s money man, messenger, and the sanctioned operative who, according to Axios, spent three days in Miami, last month, drafting a secret Ukraine plan with Witkoff and other Trump loyalists. 

A grab showing Witkoff's now-deleted reply to Ravid.

Witkoff’s blunder confirmed that Trump’s so-called plan is effectively being drafted by the Kremlin and exposed, yet again, that Trump is preparing to force Ukraine into territorial concessions Russia has repeatedly failed to seize on the battlefield — marking the fourth or fifth time he has attempted to coerce Kyiv into capitulation. Witkoff’s incompetence is also not new, as this is the same man who was swept up in the “Signal-gate” scandal while at a meeting with Putin in Russia, and who relied on a Russian intelligence operative as his translator under the belief that the U.S. Embassy had sent her. 

Everything about Trump and Witkoff’s behavior makes it unmistakably clear that they are operating to advance Russian interests, driven by the lure of financial deals, Kremlin-approved business ventures, and future profit streams almost certainly dangling behind their relentless enthusiasm to give Moscow exactly what it wants.

According to Axios, the 28-point framework is built entirely around Russian demands, security concerns, and territorial ambitions — a document so skewed toward Moscow’s interests that Kirill Dmitriev bragged that “the Russian position is really being heard,” which, of course, it is, because they wrote the plan. 

The absurd proposal uses polite, diplomatic language like “security guarantees” and “security in Europe,” yet behind those sanitized phrases, it would force the international community to illegally recognize Crimea and Donbas as “lawful” Russian territory, while compelling Ukraine to cut the size of its armed forces and surrender parts of its weapon stockpiles. It is a plan that ignores Russia’s ongoing genocide, its mass kidnapping of more than 21,000 Ukrainian children, its deportations, torture chambers, filtration camps, and its daily missile and drone attacks on civilian homes and infrastructure. The entire scheme is explicitly designed to pressure Ukraine into legitimizing Russian territorial theft and genocide. And despite this glaring reality, Trump views this Kremlin-drafted blueprint as if it were a serious initiative to end Russia’s aggressions, when in truth it is exactly what it is: a surrender written to the Kremlin’s specifications and carried forward by a U.S. regime eager to act as the Kremlin’s delivery service.

Then came another revelation when a senior White House official told reporters a deal could come “as soon as this week,” and when asked about Europe’s stance, responded: “We don’t really care about the Europeans.” 

Meanwhile, as Ukraine continues to be under Russia’s daily genocidal assault, the Trump regime decided to welcome clergy and lobbyists tied to the Russian Orthodox Church — an arm of Russia’s intelligence. These individuals are being given White House access to promote Russia’s long-running anti-Ukrainian propaganda campaign that Ukraine “persecutes Orthodox Christians,” a narrative manufactured by Russia as it bombs churches across Ukraine. 

And what’s missing from these discussions is Russia’s most monstrous crimes: the systematic abduction of more than 21,000 Ukrainian children — torn from their homes, transported into Russia, stripped of their names, identities, language, and, in many cases, their families — then thrown into indoctrination camps built to sever every tie to Ukraine and reprogram them as Russians. Investigations show that many of these children are also being funneled into military training programs, meaning Russia is not simply kidnapping them but preparing the oldest to eventually fight against their own country. 

While all these atrocities are taking place openly in the eyes of the world, much of the American media is covering the entire sequence of events like a show — as if the Kremlin shaping U.S. foreign policy, a Trump envoy assisting the Kremlin to write a surrender plan, and Russian Orthodox influence agents receiving White House access are simply another batch of political “scoops” rather than evidence of a national-security crisis with life and death implications. Headlines focused on Witkoff’s DM “fail,” the intrigue around a “secret plan,” and the gossip-worthy drama of politics — trivializing a moment when Russia continues slaughtering civilians and Trump is attempting to reward Kremlin genocide and cede sovereign territory that doesn’t even belong to the U.S.

Europe, meanwhile, is staring directly into the abyss as it allows Russian missiles to cut across its airspace on their way to killing Ukrainians instead of shooting them down. During yesterday’s attack, Romania confirmed that a Russian drone penetrated five miles into its territory. Poland is already bracing for more strikes near its borders, and NATO fighter jets scrambled multiple times throughout the night as Russian missiles and drones approached alliance airspace.

And this is happening as Russia escalates its warfare against NATO countries, with saboteurs attempting to blow up a train on a Polish railway line essential for delivering military aid to Ukraine, escalating incursions in Belgium, Germany, Sweden, and beyond, repeated airspace breaches, surveillance flights, and a growing series of attempts to destabilize European infrastructure — all of it underscoring that Moscow feels emboldened, unchallenged, and increasingly willing to test how far it can push.

As reprehensible as Trump’s latest attempt to force Ukraine into surrender may be, he cannot make it happen. Ukraine will never cede its land to terrorists, and Ukrainians will continue defending the country — with or without the United States. What is happening, however, is that America is sliding into complicity in Russia’s genocide and betraying European security. Despite all of this, one truth remains: Ukraine will never surrender.

Would you be surprised to learn that a small group of plutocrats has plotted to perpetuate MAGA, subvert democracy, and maintain their control over our nation? I was not. I expected that this was happening, that Trump was the dummy manipulated by right-wing extremists who want to keep their taxes low while ignoring the welfare of the American people.

Elizabeth Dworkin of The Washington Post told the story recently. It’s as dangerous as I imagined.

Dwoskin reports:

In 2019, a small group of right-wing donors rented a resort outside the 100-person town of Rockbridge, Ohio, for a summit to secure the future of the MAGA movement. They aimed to turn a singular candidate — President Donald Trump — into an enduring political coalition, with a pipeline of voters, donors and candidates that would cement a radical transformation of the GOP.


Convened by Silicon Valley billionaire Peter Thiel and JD Vance, then an investor who had written a best-selling memoir, the meeting included hedge fund heiress Rebekah Mercer, then-Fox News host Tucker Carlson and economist Oren Cass, according to two people familiar with the meeting. The people spoke on the condition of anonymity to describe the private gathering, details of which have not been previously reported.


But the person in the room who would solidify the group’s ambitions was someone with a decidedly lower profile: an Arizona insurance entrepreneur and conservative media figure named Chris Buskirk.

Today, Buskirk helms the Rockbridge Network, a secretive organization birthed out of the weekend gathering that has established itself as one of the most influential forces in GOP politics. Political strategists credit the close-knit network of businessmen-cum-donors with helping fuel the president’s reelection last year and propelling one of its own — Vance — into the vice presidency.

With significant funding from tech leaders, Rockbridge aims to equip MAGA to outlive Trump. The group has no website or public-facing entity, but it has assembled pollsters, data crunchers, online advertisers and even a documentary film arm. It is gearing up to deploy its arsenal in the 2026 midterms and in the 2028 presidential contest, in which many Rockbridge members hope Vance will be the nominee. The group has assembled a database with deep profiles of potential voters through nonpolitical memberships, including outdoors groups and churches, according to a person directly familiar with the organization.


Buskirk’s ties to Trump’s orbit go beyond Rockbridge. 1789 Capital, the venture capital firm he co-founded with investor Omeed Malik, focuses on what the partners call “patriotic capitalism” and now counts Donald Trump Jr. as a partner. The pair — along with administration officials and friends — recently launched Executive Branch, a $500,000-a-head membership club for Trump-supporting business leaders to hobnob in D.C.


These organizations have a collective ambition, according to Buskirk, which is to give the businesspeople he sees as vital to the country’s future a role shaping government and lasting political power.


Their efforts are grounded in a controversial theory of social progress: that a select group of elites are exactly the right people to move the country forward, a position Buskirk argues is not in defiance of MAGA’s populism. Putting industry leaders in positions of power is a hallmark of Trump’s presidency — from Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick to tech titan Elon Musk — and Buskirk says the MAGA movement has energized a new generation of stewards for the country.

His various projects echo what some on the right call “aristopopulism” and aim to build a bridge between wealthy capitalists and the working-class people they intend to represent, according to interviews with Buskirk and nine other people in his inner circle, profitably reindustrializing the country and tying their interests to that of their base.


“You either have an extractive elite — an oligarchy — or you have a productive elite — an aristocracy — in every society,” he said in an interview in his office in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Many innovative periods in history have been driven by such an aristocracy, Buskirk argues, a point he makes in his 2023 book, “America and the Art of the Possible.” “In the classic Greek sense,” the term isn’t pejorative, he says, but “a proper elite that takes care of the country and governs it well so that everyone prospers.”

As Buskirk sees it, he has approached the political market as a businessman, identifying a gap and taking deliberate steps to close it. The right had what he calls a “coordination problem” — voters who had unexpectedly elected Trump and a nascent group of wealthy people who had become alienated by the progressive left. But the sides lacked organizing infrastructure.

Buskirk uses a one-liner to describe his efforts: “Brains-plus-money-plus-base.”
Others describe his impact more forcefully. Though people still see Trump’s support as “a cult of personality,” said Cass, chief economist of the conservative think tank American Compass, a powerful ecosystem now backs the MAGA movement.


“Chris is the convener of that ecosystem,” he added.

He declined to comment on Rockbridge’s founding event. Thiel declined to comment. Mercer did not respond to a request for comment.
Relatively unknown outside his rarefied circle of business leaders and tacticians, Buskirk is an unusual figure to step into a role once dominated by the Koch brothers, the deep-pocketed Republican megadonors who have opposed many of Trump’s trade policies. He is not a meme-throwing MAGA firebrand; friends describe Buskirk as a dogged tactician who is fiercely perceptive. He was “the first mover” to recognize that there were going to be thousands of well-off people who “no longer felt at home in the Democratic Party,” said Malik, Buskirk’s partner and co-founder of 1789 Capital.

Vance told The Post in a statement that Buskirk is an “original thinker” who saw, “before almost anyone,” how the “right combination of ideas, organizing and funding can ensure lasting political success for the Republican Party.”
Outside of electoral politics, Buskirk’s projects aim to push unrestrained capitalism into American life. 1789 Capital, he says, serves as a testing ground for the idea that homegrown innovation can revive America’s industrial base, what the firm’s partners pitch on their website as “the next chapter of American exceptionalism.” The firm, which has invested in roughly 30 companies, has funded start-ups tied to “anti-woke” politics and to the Trump administration’s economic agenda, including companies that mine rare earth minerals, build AI factories for war or 3D-print rocket fuel.
As Buskirk’s network has become entwined with the Trump administration, the cohort has formed a party circuit for Washington’s new power broker class. Rockbridge’s semiannual conference, at the Ritz-Carlton on Key Biscayne, Florida, in April, which featured “Make America Healthy Again”-themed breath work and yoga sessions, included Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard and Middle East special envoy Steve Witkoff. Buskirk’s friend, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., attended the opening of Executive Branch in June, which serves high-end wine and sushi but no seed oils.


Those in Buskirk’s network view their growing clout as evidence of government finally working to cheerlead rather than chastise society’s innovators — unleashing a pent-up economic engine that they say was suppressed during the Biden administration.

Yet in entities like Rockbridge and 1789, some critics see something more pernicious — the rise of a group of unelected American oligarchs who are undermining Trump’s promises to benefit working people. Since coming into office, the Trump White House has rolled out a raft of new policies that benefit tech entrepreneurs, including lifting export controls on AI technology and signing executive orders and legislation promoting cryptocurrency. “President Trump’s first and only focus is restoring prosperity for the working-class Americans who resoundingly re-elected him back to the White House,” White House spokesman Kush Desai said in a statement.
Since Trump Jr. joined 1789 as a partner last November, the firm has raised hundreds of millions of dollars and now has more than $1 billion in assets, according to two people familiar with the firm. This summer the government dropped two Biden-era federal investigations into Polymarket, a blockchain-based betting start-up that 1789 has invested in and where Trump Jr. now sits on an advisory board.
“It’s generally the case that what’s good for business is good for America, but I don’t think the people surrounding the president are representative of American business,” said Michael Strain, director of economic policy studies at the right-leaning American Enterprise Institute, which has received funding from the Kochs’ philanthropic network. “The government’s job is to advance the prosperity of the nation and not the prosperity of wealthy individuals, founders and executives.”
To Buskirk, these critiques miss the point. He says he is determined to bring the businesspeople who put Trump back in the White House to Washington, even if he doesn’t much like the city. He describes politics as “venal” and D.C. think tanks as “every cliché, squared,” saying the culture must be rebuilt from the ground up.

“So that’s not an attractive place to spend time, but it’s also really necessary,” he said. “Self-government means you have to actually be involved in something you don’t want to do.”
‘A coordination problem’
Ask Buskirk to rattle off where he is on any given day, and the 56-year-old father of four might name seven different cities. He splits his time between his Scottsdale family office; Palm Beach, Florida, where 1789 Capital is headquartered; Dallas; San Francisco; Austin; and, reluctantly, D.C. He says he is on the phone from the moment he wakes up until bedtime, always making time for Vance when the vice president’s schedule allows.
But Buskirk’s early life was spent almost entirely in Arizona. Though he was born on a military base in Germany, where his father was stationed in the Army during the Cold War, he grew up in Scottsdale. He spent weekends working at the family company, which insured homes and small businesses across the state. The household was “patriotic to the nth degree,” Buskirk recalls, and they were stalwart subscribers to the conservative magazine the National Review.

As a young adult, Buskirk pursued a master’s degree in political theory and interned at the Claremont Institute, the right-wing think tank inspired by the political philosopher Leo Strauss.
But he quit both the think tank and the degree, judging academia too impractical. He returned home to Scottsdale to start an insurance firm, doing underwriting for ambulance vendors and other unconventional businesses. Over the next two decades, he built and sold four other insurance-related companies.
His family had become alienated from politics. The Buskirks canceled their National Review subscriptions in the mid-2000s, disgusted by a Republican establishment they believed had led the country astray. The Iraq War had become “a smoke screen,” Buskirk said, distracting from the stark economic problems emerging before his eyes.


Visiting close family in Michigan, he watched as entire “factories were literally just packed up, crated into 40-foot containers and sent to China” after the country joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, he said. Americans, he said, were going to work in low-paying service jobs: $8 an hour at McDonald’s vs. $25 at the Ford plant. Then illegal immigrants came and took those jobs too, he said.

He raged to friends that the American Dream, “that you don’t have to do anything extraordinary to live a dignified life,” was becoming harder, but he felt powerless. “I was just, like, some guy in Arizona,” he recalled. “What am I going to do?”
When President Barack Obama came on the scene in the late aughts, Buskirk watched as he electrified the culture. In contrast, he felt the GOP and its institutions had languished on autopilot.
During those years, Buskirk had sold off the last of the insurance businesses he had built with his father. By the time Trump came down the golden escalator at Trump Tower to announce his presidential candidacy in 2015, Buskirk had more time on his hands.
The Arizona entrepreneur was initially skeptical of the New York reality show host who he worried viewed the presidency as a publicity stunt. But when he watched old interviews with Trump, he heard a drumbeat about how American leaders were not putting Americans first.
“I’m like, he’s actually been saying the same thing for 40 years!” Buskirk recalled. “And that’s when I realized, okay, he’s for real. And the people that are saying he is not serious are lying.”

In July 2016, Buskirk founded an online magazine, American Greatness, which highlighted an “undeniable” need for a new articulation of conservatism. It received funding from Thiel, who had shocked liberal Silicon Valley with his million-dollar donation to Trump and had recently been introduced to Buskirk by a friend. “The soil of the conservative movement is exhausted,” the editors wrote in an opening manifesto. “It needs fertilization, resowing, and diligent cultivation if it is to thrive again.”
Thiel put Buskirk in touch with his protégé, “Hillbilly Elegy” author Vance. Vance and Buskirk became fast friends.
The men spent a year and a half “just nerding out,” with no particular end in mind, Buskirk recalls, just a feeling that “we should create something.”

Vice President-elect Mike Pence, left, and PayPal founder Peter Thiel listen to President-elect Donald Trump during a meeting with technology industry leaders at Trump Tower in New York in 2016. (Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post)
In 2019, Vance and Thiel summoned a dozen or so people to an inn in rural Ohio, located just outside the tiny town that would become the organization’s namesake. Some attendees were staunchly pro-Trump, like Buskirk. Others had their doubts. But all of them felt that any successes that took place during the Trump years could easily become a fluke if a Democrat retook the White House, said Blake Masters, an investor who met Buskirk that weekend.

“We spent so much time bemoaning the effectiveness of the left,” Masters adds. “They had a pretty terrible agenda … but they are very effective at organizing. … The right had just been coasting for a long time, and its institutions had just started to decay.”
It became clear to some of those present that MAGA had a network problem. While donors on the right, such as the Kochs, had spent years building their organizations, wealthy people who supported Trump and the emerging constellation of right-wing viewpoints he represented “didn’t really know each other,” Buskirk said. And people who had voted for Trump — including a working-class cohort — weren’t organized either.
“There’s no coordination. No management. No planning. It all just kind of happened,” he recalled. “What if we just said, okay, look, these are two problems that, if solved, would make everything else work better and be more effective. Let’s set about solving that.”
The making of a movement
Buskirk returned from the summit energized, and he became a student of political organizing. He started from first principles, reading “Roots to Power,” an influential left-wing organizing manual from the ’80s.

Along with Vance, he began creating case studies of political organizations on the left and right, documenting their failures and successes. The National Rifle Association stood out. The NRA, Buskirk and his partners concluded, had been very successful at organizing one of its two constituencies: Second Amendment advocates. But its other constituency, outdoorsmen who loved hunting, was not as well organized, and they were unlikely to register to vote.
But outdoorsmen, a Democratic coalition from the ’60s, had significant overlap with demographics that voted for Trump.
“This is actually going to be a hole that needs to be filled,” he said, if he could find something “that makes it worth their time to actually pay attention.”

Chris Buskirk took it upon himself to become a student of political organizing. (Ash Ponders/For The Washington Post)
Buskirk will not go into many details about Rockbridge operations, but he says that on a high level he devised a classic online sales funnel to entice people to join social media groups based on affiliations. This included small-business owners, outdoorsmen and church attendees.

This is the opposite of how political organizations tend to function, persuading people to come to your side by “brute force,” Buskirk said, blasting out ads right before an election. Rockbridge, by contrast, took a more gradual approach: “Build a trust relationship and give people some sort of benefit. Only then you can ask them to do something.”
By April 2022, Vance was making his first, long-shot bid for political office. Malik hosted a small fundraiser for him at a restaurant in Palm Beach. The investor had relocated from New York City the previous year, after defecting from the Democratic Party over coronavirus restrictions and tech platforms’ policing of speech about the coronavirus. Buskirk attended, along with Don Jr.
The group hopped over to Mar-a-Lago, where Buskirk was throwing a Rockbridge conference.
The men spent the week bonding over their rage about what they viewed as online censorship and a feeling that innovation was being stymied in favor of liberal priorities such as sustainability and diversity initiatives.

“A lot of us are also about the same age,” noted Malik, who said he feels the group is ushering in “a generational shift.”
Malik and Buskirk went into business together the following year, starting 1789 Capital, named after the year the Bill of Rights was proposed. It initially focused on what Malik had dubbed “anti-woke companies.” Their first investment was in Last Country Inc., a new media and entertainment company founded by Tucker Carlson, who had been pushed out of Fox News. The partners went on to invest in GrabAGun, an online gun marketplace; Enhanced Games, which allows athletes to take performance-enhancing drugs; and Hadrian, a start-up making AI factories for defense. (The partners have also taken positions in three of Elon Musk’s companies: SpaceX, Neuralink and xAI.)
Will Edwards, whose Dallas-based start-up Firehawk Aerospace specializes in 3D-printing solid rocket fuel to be used in missiles, said many Silicon Valley venture capitalists had rejected his pitches outright because they didn’t want to fund companies selling exclusively to the military.
“Chris thought that was absurd,” Edwards said.

Buskirk, who has since led a funding round that put $60 million into Firehawk, took a particular interest, traveling to Dallas to tour Edwards’s factory, where, he said, workers without college degrees can make six-figure incomes.
Buskirk believes Edwards’s company is economic proof of the investors’ political arguments: The United States is unlikely to make iPhones and Nike shoes again, he says. But it can revive its industrial base — particularly in national defense — and help restore the middle class.
This goal is one President Joe Biden also tried to accomplish when he signed the $52 billion Chips Act in 2022, which aimed to re-shore advanced manufacturing jobs with the largest support package for domestic chips manufacturing in a generation. Trump has criticized the grants as wasteful and clawed back some of the funds.
Strain, the American Enterprise Institute economist, said the political rhetoric of the MAGA movement misconstrues the nation’s actual economic picture. Technological innovation — and not outsourcing — has been the main driver of the loss of manufacturing jobs, he said, adding that many of those arguing that homegrown manufacturing will revive America are the same investors pushing major labor displacement through artificial intelligence.

Cass, of American Compass, said the scale of investment required to rebuild working-class communities is far greater than what 1789 or other like-minded investors can spend. But the experiments Buskirk and his partners are funding are important, he said, because they “blaze a trail.”
The impact of Rockbridge and super PACs on the 2024 election is not well understood. Rockbridge’s affiliated super PAC, Turnout for America, was one of a handful of groups that canvassed swing states on behalf of the Trump campaign, including Charlie Kirk’s Turning Point Action. Turnout for America spent $34.5 million on the 2024 cycle, according to FEC records, far less than the $261 million from Elon Musk’s America PAC.
But internal Rockbridge data suggests some measure of effectiveness, which insiders attribute to its years-long voter profiling and mobilization efforts. The super PAC identified several million citizens — low-propensity voters in seven swing states — that they believed would vote for Trump if nudged to go to the polls. The group calculated that Trump would win those states if they could motivate 40 percent of those voters to go to the polls. In the end, Rockbridge’s 3,000 canvassers turned out 50 percent, said two people with direct knowledge of internal stats.
Today, the group’s vibe is euphoric. Interest has surged since the election, according to Buskirk, with roughly half of new members coming from the tech industry. Several of the group’s members are billionaires; prominent investors Marc Andreessen and David Sacks are already members.

Still, Firehawk founder Edwards, who joined Rockbridge with an invitation from Buskirk, said the events feel warm, “like a close group of people who enjoy each other’s company.” Edwards said he lives in a duplex and drives a Toyota. A wide age range is represented, including NextGen, an under-30 division that includes Buskirk’s son, Chris, a recent college graduate.
Richard Painter, a corporate law professor at the University of Minnesota who served as chief ethics lawyer in the Bush White House, said this influx of interest in Rockbridge, 1789 and Executive Branch creates the appearance of a “pay to play” network, of people who are paying to get access to administration officials or the Trump family. (He also said he would have advised administration officials not to attend these gatherings if they happened in his time.)
Buskirk declined to address this criticism.
In a text message sent while overseas on business, he said that American greatness will only be accomplished “by the intentional cultivation of talented, high-agency people working together in high-trust environments.”

His book lists historical moments when elite networks moved society forward, including Florence during the Renaissance, mid-century America, and the county of Lancashire, England, during the Industrial Revolution. The Scottish Enlightenment was actually “the work of a few dozen people,” he notes, who “developed long-term friendships” at a private social club called the Select Society.
Parallels to remarkably innovative historical periods were starting to happen, he said, but “the full flourishing of America’s latent potential” was not guaranteed.
“I pray that it is,” he said. “There is much to be done.”

Ian Millhiser of Vox wrote about the stunning decision by a Federal Appeals Court to throw out Texas’ gerrymander. At Trump’s insistence, the Governor and legislature districted the state’s Congressional districts, in hopes of producing five more Republican seats. Trump and Republican House leaders are terrified that they could lose their slim majority.

Millhiser points out the supreme irony that it was Trump’s own Justice Departnent that provided the grounds to toss the redistricting. The Supreme Ciurt recently ruled that it would not interfere with gerrymanders, a strictly political decision. But gerrymandering for the specific purpose of reducing racial representation is unconstitutional. Unless the Supreme Court abandons its recent precedent and do Trump a big favor.

Millhiser writes:

In a decision that could potentially reshape the 2026 midterm elections and cement the Democratic Party’s future control of the US House, a federal court just struck down the gerrymandered Texas maps that President Donald Trump pressured that state to enact. If the decision holds, it could cost Republicans as many as five House seats.

And that’s not all. The most remarkable thing about the three-judge panel’s decision in League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) v. Abbott is that it turns on an incompetent decision by Trump’s own administration. 

As Judge Jeffrey Brown, a Trump appointee, explains in the court’s opinion, Texas lawmakers initially “didn’t have much appetite to redistrict on purely partisan grounds” — even as Trump urged them to do so. But Texas Republicans appear to have changed their mind after the Justice Department sent a letter last July to Texas’s top officials, which demanded that the state redraw several districts to change their racial makeup.

That letter, as I’ll explain in more detail below, misread a federal appeals court opinion to mean that the state was required to remake its maps. According to Judge Brown’s opinion, “it’s challenging to unpack the DOJ Letter because it contains so many factual, legal, and typographical errors.” He added that “even attorneys employed by the Texas Attorney General — who professes to be a political ally of the Trump Administration — describe the DOJ Letter as ‘legally[] unsound,’ ‘baseless,’ ‘erroneous,’ ‘ham-fisted,’ and ‘a mess.’”

In reality, the Supreme Court has long held that “if a legislature gives race a predominant role in redistricting decisions, the resulting map” is subject to the most skeptical level of constitutional review and “may be held unconstitutional.” When the Justice Department told Texas to redraw several of its congressional districts to change their racial makeup, it ordered Texas to give “race a predominant role.” Oops.

Please open the link to finish the article.

Trump ordered U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi to investigate Democrats who participated in Jeffrey Epstein’s sex trafficking of girls and young women. Apparently, it’s ok for Republicans to mess around with girl victims, but not Democrats.

As Attorney General of Florida from 2011 to 2019, Bondi declared that finding and prosecuting sex traffickers was one of her top priorities.

Dean Obeidallah finds it strange that Pam Bondi never investigated Jeffrey Epstein, who resumed his predatory sex trade after serving a light sentence in 2008. By Bondi’s account today, Epstein had at least 1,000 victims.

Yet she ignored him.

Why?

Obeidallah writes:

What we truly need is an investigation into Pam Bondi. Specifically, why didn’t she investigate Jeffrey Epstein for the countless sex crimes he committed against children and women in Florida when she served as Florida’s Attorney General?!

Taking a step back, when Bondi served for eight years as Florida’s top law enforcement officer, she very publicly declared that investigating and prosecuting sexual predators—especially those who preyed on children–a top priority. Indeed, as Florida’s AG, she announced an initiative focused on “Making Florida a Zero-Tolerance state for Human trafficking.”

To that end, in 2013 she proudly boasted about the arrest of 15 child sex predators as part of a five-day investigation known as Operation e-Guardian. At the time, Bondi stated, “Sadly, sexual predators will use any means available to them, including the Internet, to lure children in order to exploit them. This operation was a great multi-agency collaboration that has brought down 15 child predators.”

And in 2018, Bondi launched a confidential tip website for people to report allegations of past child sex abuse by Catholic priests in Florida. She statedthen that any “priest that would exploit a position of power and trust to abuse a child is a disgrace to the church and a threat to society.” Bondi added, “I am calling on victims and anyone with information about potential abuse to please report it to my office.”

Yet despite this very public commitment to investigate and bring to justice people involved in sex crimes against children—even those committed years earlier–she never announced an investigation into or prosecuted Jeffrey Epstein. (At least no investigation that was publicly reported.)

How low can they go? MAGA television host Megyn Kelly denied yesterday that Jeffrey Epstein was actually a pedophile. People she knows told her that when a man has sexual relations with a 15-year-old, it’s not pedophilia. She seems to agree. After all, she says, a 15-year-old is way different from a 5-year-old.

Here’s the relevant portion of Megyn Kelly’s remarks from the November 12 episode of her show, as reported by multiple outlets:

“I know somebody very, very close to this case who is in a position to know virtually everything. And this person has told me, from the start—years and years ago—that Jeffrey Epstein, in this person’s view, was not a pedophile.

“He was into the barely-legal type. Like, he liked 15-year-old girls. And I realise this is disgusting. I’m definitely not trying to make an excuse for this. I’m just giving you facts, that he wasn’t into, like, 8-year-olds. But he liked the very young teen types that could pass for even younger than they were, but would look legal to a passer-by.

“And that is what I believed, and that is what I reliably was told for many years. And it wasn’t until we heard from [Attorney General Pam Bondi] that they had tens of thousands of videos of alleged— forgive me, they used to call it ‘kiddie porn,’ now they call it child sexual abuse material — on his computer, that for the first time I thought, ‘Oh no, he was an actual pedophile.’

“Only a pedophile gets off on young-children-abuse videos. … We have yet to see anybody come forward and say, ‘I was under 10, I was under 14 when I first came within his purview.’ You can say that’s a distinction without a difference. I think there is a difference. There’s a difference between a 15-year-old and a 5-year-old, you know?”  

If I had a 15-year-old daughter, I would not approve of her having sexual relations with anyone, most certainly not a 40-year-old man.

With the government shutdown over, staff at the U.S. Department of Education return with fear for what lies ahead.

Before the election, I assumed that Trump could not shutter the Department because he would never get Congress’s approval. Some Republicans would stop him. That’s why he never sought Congressional endorsement.

But it never occurred to me that he could fire almost all its employees.

At some point, the ED building will have only a handful of people: wrestling entrepreneur Linda McMahon; her secretary or two; her speechwriter or two; and one person to clean her office at night. Oh, and Lindsay Burke, Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy and Programs. Lindsay is McMahon’s brain. She wrote the education chapter of Project 2025. As a fellow at the rightwing Heritage Foundation, Lindsay has been an avid proponent of closing the Department of Education for a long time. Lindsay has the wacky idea that the Department is responsible for raising test scores and it hasn’t.

Cutting the Department from 4500 employees to fewer than 10 is a feather in McMahon’s cap for those who want to abandon any federal reponsibilty for low-income kids and kids with special needs or enforcement of civil rights.

Education Week reported:

The reopening of the federal government promises to return hundreds of laid-off U.S. Department of Education staff to work—but employees fear that’s no guarantee they’ll return to business as usual.

The sprawling bill passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on Wednesday and signed by President Donald Trump concludes the longest government shutdown in history and funds the federal government through Jan. 30. It also contains a provision reversing the early October layoffs of thousands of federal workers across numerous agencies, and preventing further federal layoffs until the bill’s expiration.

At the Education Department, that means 465 staff members given reduction-in-force notices in early October are due to be reinstated to their positions. (A court order had temporarily blocked the department and other agencies from firing those employees.)

But Education Department staff—who have been a repeated target of the Trump administration’s efforts to wind down the agency and shrink the federal workforce overall—are skeptical that they’ll be able to return to work as usual. The department has been resistant to reinstating employees when ordered to do so over the past year, and has instead kept staff on paid administrative leave—at times paying out millions of dollars each week to employees who aren’t working.

“The continuing resolution language doesn’t do enough to protect public servants. The Trump administration has shown us repeatedly that they want to illegally dismantle our congressionally created federal agency,” said Rachel Gittleman, the president of the union that represents Education Department staff. “We have no confidence that the U.S. Education Department will follow the terms of the continuing resolution or allow the employees named in October firings to return—or even keep their jobs past January.”

Department officials did not respond to a request for comment. With the shutdown concluded, the department posted on X, “Government shutdown is over, and we’re baaackkkkk! But let’s be honest: did you really miss us at all?”

The laid-off workers come from six of the department’s 17 primary offices and include virtually the entire staff who work on key formula grant programs, including Title I for low-income students and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act grant programs.

Ohio’s public schools have been victimized repeatedly by its Republican legislatures and governors. Charter schools, online schools, and vouchers have ripped off taxpayers and siphoned funds from public schools.

Last week, public school voters said enough.

At the national level, the 31 candidates field by the rightwing Moms for Liberty were defeated. Every one of them.

In Ohio, voters ousted rightwing culture warriors in most school board races.

In cities large and small around Ohio, conservative incumbents who ran for school boards on culture war agendas lost re-election. Outside candidates struggled as well. While off-year elections are quirky, some see ebbing political strength in anti-LGBTQ+ politics. 

It was a very good day for public schools in Ohio!

Oklahoma legislators are debating whether to follow the lead of Mississippi by adopting a phonics-based reading curriculum and requiring the retention of 3rd graders who can’t pass the reading test. Mississippi has been hailed for the dramatic rise in its 4th grade reading scores, which was initiated by the Barksdale Foundation in 1999 with a gift to the state of $100 million to improve reading.

The dominant Republicans in the Oklahoma legislature are taking advice from Jeb Bush’s ExcelinEd group, which enthusiastically supports school choice, privatization, high-stakes accountability, and holding back 3rd graders who don’t pass the state reading test.

The key to instant success in the Mississippi model (it worked in Florida too) is holding back 3rd graders who can’t pass the test. If the low-scoring students are retained, 4th grade scores are certain to rise. That’s inevitable. Is the improvement sustainable? Look at 8th grade scores on NAEP. Sooner or later, those kids who “flunked” 3rd grade either improve or drop out.

Many years ago, I attended a conference of school psychologists. While waiting my turn to speak, the president of the organization said that the latest research showed children’s three worst fears:

  1. The death of their parents
  2. Going blind.
  3. The humiliation of being left back in school

Let’s not lose sight of the pain of those left back and think about alternative ways to help these children .

John Thompson, historian and retired teacher in Oklahoma, urges the legislators to think again before enacting a punitive retention policy.

Thompson writes:

The appointments of Lindel Fields as Oklahoma State Superintendent (replacing  Ryan Walters), and Dr. Daniel Hamlin as Secretary of Education, create great opportunities for improving our state’s schools. In numerous conversations with a variety of advocates and experts, I’ve felt the hope I experienced during bipartisan MAPS for Kids coalition which saved the Oklahoma City Public School System, and working with the experts serving in the administrations of Sandy Garrett and Joy Hofmeister. 

On the other hand, we still face threats from ideology-driven politicians and lobbyists who spread falsehoods about the simplistic programs they push. 

Just one example is a legislative committee meeting on the “Science of Reading.” Although I admit to being slow to acknowledge the need for more phonics instruction, and “high-dose tutoring,” as long it is not a part of a culture of teach-to-the test, I remain skeptical of simple solutions for complex, interconnected, problems. So, I am more open to positive programs, like those that enhance the background knowledge that students need to read for comprehension, as opposed to increasing test scores. 

But I’m especially worried Oklahoma could focus on the punitive part of the so-called  “Mississippi Miracle,” which requires the retention of 3rd graders who don’t meet accountability-driven metrics. 

For instance, when Rep. Jacob Rosecrants, a former inner-city teacher who took over my classroom when I retired, expressed concern that their “highly structured teaching and testing approach … might actually discourage reading,” his reservations were “largely dismissed.” Instead, Rep. Rob Hall, who asked for the meeting, said, “What we’ve learned from other states is that wide-spread illiteracy is a policy choice.” 

In fact, it is unclear whether Rep. Hall’s policy choice has produced long-term improvements in reading comprehension. 

Based on my experiences in edu-politics, and the judgements of local experts, who saw how our 2012 high-stakes testing disaster unfolded, I’d be especially worried by how the Oklahoma School Testing Program could be used to hold back kids, and the reward-and-punish culture it could produce. The same persons pushing accountability for 3rd graders also seem to believe the lie that NAEP “proficiency” is “grade level,” and that setting impossible data-driven targets will improve student outcomes. 

If these regulations were used to determine whether 3rd graders are retained, the damage that would be done would likely be unthinkable. It is my understanding that 50% to 75% of the students in high-challenge schools might not be eligible for promotion. And like the latest expert who briefed me about 3rd grade testing, I’ve witnessed the humiliation that retention imposed on children as Oklahoma experimented on high-stakes End-of-Instruction tests, which undermined learning cultures, even when they were just a pilot program.

I would urge legislators to read this study by Devon Brenner and Aaron Pallas in the Hechinger Report on 3rd grade retention. Brenner and Pallas concluded, “We are not persuaded that the third grade retention policy has been a magic bullet; retention effects vary across contexts. Even in Mississippi, the evidence that retention boosts achievement is ambiguous.”

By coincidence, another reputable study of the “Mississippi Miracle”  was recently published. Chalkbeat’s Matt Barnum evaluated the “Southern Surge” in reading programs in Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Alabama. And, yes, “Mississippi’s ascent has been particularly meteoric and long-running. Since 1998, the share of fourth graders reading at a basic level on NAEP has increased from 47 to 65%.” And, Louisiana’s 4th graders made progress.  

But, eighth graders’ results “have been less impressive for these Southern exemplars.” Alabama’s eighth grade reading scores have been falling and are among the lowest in the country. Louisiana’s eight grade reading scores remain at the 2002 level. And, Mississippi’s eighth grade reading scores are about the same as they were in 1998.

Barnum noted, “a number of studies have found that retention does improve test scores.” But:

The long-run effects of holding back struggling readers remain up for significant debate. A recent Texas study found that retaining students in third grade reduced their chances of graduating high school and decreased their earnings as young adults. A paper from Louisiana found that retention led more students to drop out. (Some studies find no long run effect on high school completion, though.)

I would also add that Tennessee’s huge School Improvement Grant, which was focused on test score gains, “did not have an impact on the use of practices promoted by the program or on student outcomes (including math or reading test scores, high school graduation, or college enrollment).”

Moreover, as the Tulsa World reported, Mississippi “spent two years and $20 million preparing for the rollout of the program.” It provided far more counselors and more intensive teacher training and student interventions. But it cites data suggesting “students who received intensive literacy instruction in third grade made only temporary gains, briefly besting their national peers in fourth grade but falling back behind in subsequent years.”

Even the most enthusiastic supporters of the “Mississippi Miracle”, like The 74, agree that it required “universal screenings to identify students with reading deficiencies early and to communicate those results to parents.”

And Mississippi’s success required the prioritization of “proactive communications and stakeholder engagement strategies around early literacy;” “building connections and coherence with other agency efforts across the birth through third grade continuum, especially pre-K;” and anticipating a “multi-year timeline to see changes in third grade outcomes, and invest in monitoring and evaluation strategies that can track leading indicators of progress and identify areas for improvement.”

What are the chances that Oklahoma would adequately fund such programs?

So, what will Superintendent Fields conclude after studying evidence from both sides of the debate?

The Tulsa World recently quoted Fields saying “that literacy is the building block. … So until we get that right, everything else is just going to be hard.” I’m impressed that he then added, “I’m learning about it myself.”

He then said:

What’s important to note about that is the Mississippi Miracle was not an overnight thing. It was more than a decade in the works. And I think if we were to model that and replicate it, you have to do the whole thing — we can’t walk around the block today and run a marathon tomorrow. I think replicating that and setting the tone for the next 8 or 10 years, we can expect to see the same kind of results. I think that’s an excellent example to look to.

Fields wants more than a “program.” He wisely stated:

We might disagree on how we actually get there, but I haven’t found anybody that disagrees that we have to get reading right before the other things.

He then called for “systemic, long-term dedication” to “a multi-faceted approach.” He also emphasized investments in teacher training, and the need to improve teachers’ morale.

In other words, it sounds like our new Superintendent is open to humane, evidence-based, inter-connected, and well-funded efforts that draw on the best of the “Mississippi Miracle,” but not simplistic, politicized, quick fixes, that ignore the damage that those ideology-driven programs can do to children. And I suspect he would think twice before holding back third graders before studying the harm it can do to so many students.

So, if I had just one recommendation to offer, I would urge a balanced effort that combines win-win interventions, not programs that can do unknown amounts of harm, especially to high-poverty children who have suffered multiple traumas. That would require a culture that uses test scores for diagnostic purposes, not for making metrics look better.

Paula Noonan of Colorado Capitol Watch reported on a nearly statewide sweep of school board elections by pro-public school parents. This vote of confidence in public schools is even more remarkable in light of the heavy spending by pro-charter school advocacy groups.

In addition, Colorado’s Governor Jared Polis is an enthusiastic supporter of charter schools, having opened two himself. Michael Bennett, one of the state’s U.S. Senators, is also a champion of charters, a former superintendent of the Denver public schools, and plans to run for governor. The mayor of Denver, Mike Johnston, is a former Teach for America activist and state legislator, who supports charter schools and authored a harsh teacher evaluation bill.

Mike DeGuire, former principal in Denver Public Schools, uncovered the dark money supporting the “reform” candidates. They include billionaires Philip Anschutz, the richest man in Colorado, Reed Hastings of Netflix, and John Arnold, former Enron trader.

Despite this lineup of big money and political heavyweights, the public in key districts chose their public schools.

She writes:

Swoosh — that’s the sound of money flushed down the toilet by Denver Families Action on their expensive-but-weak candidates for Denver Public Schools Board of Education. Bravo — that’s the sound of praise from Denver voters for Denver’s public-school teachers.

The mission of Denver Families Action led by Clarence Burton and Pat Donovan was to flip the Denver Board to a pro-choice, pro-charter majority. Many experts in the public-education sector see pro-choice advocacy as a lead-in to school vouchers.

In Denver, charter schools essentially serve the purposes of private school voucher programs. These schools and networks get tax dollars to operate their schools but have private, unelected school governance. The oversight of hundreds of millions of public dollars spent by these charters is at stake. Wealthy elite donors plunk down additional millions of dollars to support these education programs with accompanying tax write-offs.

Meanwhile, DPS had to close neighborhood schools recently due to low population and dropping revenues. The disruption from these school closures played out in Xochitl Gaytán’s southwest District 2. Gaytán was the only incumbent endorsed by the Denver Classroom Teachers Association. She is on record as rejecting future neighborhood school closures. She defeated her Denver Families’ opponent 57% to 42%, a big number with a big message.

Amy Klein-Molk ran against former district employee Alex Magaña in a head-to-head for the at-large board seat. Magaña had an ongoing dispute with DPS Superintendent Alex Marrero over the administration of Beacon innovation network of middle schools. Marrero found mismanagement and acted to dissolve the network. Beacon sued the district and lost. Klein-Molk crushed Magaña 55% to 44%, a nice 11-point spread.

Further confounding school district elections, Douglas County voters turned out its conservative majority. The “community not chaos” slate will seek to refocus the district away from contentious political issues, of which there are many and good luck with that. The slate emphasized teacher recruitment and retention based on a stable, positive work environment. Like other metro area districts, declining enrollment in older neighborhoods and increasing populations in newer neighborhoods create important, bottom-line challenges around opening and closing schools.

Pueblo County put up a split decision in its hotly contested school board races pitting public teacher-backed, public school-supporting candidates against parents rights, Christian education-oriented conservatives. In District 60, one candidate from each side won. In District 70, two public-school supporting candidates won and one non-aligned candidate took a seat.

In resounding support for providing good nutrition for school children, voters across the state supported propositions LL and MM. State residents on the high end of income, $300,000-plus, will contribute more tax dollars to the food-for-all school meals program by reducing state income tax deductions. This change will produce $95 million to fill the funding gap in the nutrition program.

What’s interesting about this result is 785,000 voters said NO to the tax increase in MM, or 35%. About 8% of Colorado taxpayers earn more than $300,000 per year, so quite a few people voted to allow wealthier individuals to keep their charitable contributions at the higher level. That’s the base of people against any tax increases for any reason.

Based on these overall results, several implications emerge where public education connects with taxation and the 2026 governor election connects to public education policy.

Great Ed Colorado and other groups will seek to offer a tax initiative of some sort to bring more money into the state’s school finance budget. The school nutrition vote put 65% of voters into the “we will nourish the kids with food” camp. It’s unknown whether nourishing kids with food also extends to nourishing kids with learning.

The governor’s race between U.S. Sen. Michael Bennet and Attorney General Phil Weiser contains the public education and tax increase intersection. The Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights, TABOR, creates much of Colorado’s taxation and state finance problems. The federal government’s animus to our state politics puts another kink into how Colorado can fund Medicaid, public schools, and an array of other needs adequately.

Sen. Bennet has received gobs of campaign money from wealthy east coast and west coast money-people who support school choice, charters and probably vouchers. Their preference is for public schools to turn charter or, better yet, private. Sen. Bennet will have to explain exactly how that will work in Colorado. Does he want more than $10 billion in public tax dollars to move to oversight by unelected charter boards with schools presenting curriculum that doesn’t meet state standards? Will he support changes to TABOR to bring in more tax dollars for school finance?

Attorney General Weiser will have to address the same questions with concrete offers. Right now, he supports a “livable wage” for teachers and down-payment assistance for teachers to live where the teach. He will “stand strong” for public schools and against privatizing. But will he go after TABOR reform and counter lack of transparency in charter-school governance?

This election gives hints. Voters supported the public in public schools and providing students with nourishment to flourish in school. The next election will decide whether public schools will flourish in teaching and learning as well.

Paula Noonan owns Colorado Capitol Watch, the state’s premier legislature tracking platform.

To get a sense of the infighting, extremism, and partisanship that shaped many of Colorado’s school board races, read Logan M. Davis’ account of the outcomes in many other districts. His account appeared in the progressive Colorado Times Recorder..