More than 600 faculty in STEM fields at the University of California signed a letter asking for the restoration of the SAT or ACT for students who want to major in STEM fields, according to the Chronicle of Higher Education. They complained that too many students enroll in STEM classes without adequate preparation.
Absent a test requirement, the faculty said, too many severely unprepared students were choosing STEM majors, where they were certain to fail.
It calls on university leaders to reinstate the requirement that applicants for STEM-intensive majors submit SAT or ACT math scores. In 2020, under legal pressure and equity concerns, the system eliminated that requirement and urged public colleges to start accepting more students from impoverished high schools. Critics said the testing requirement unfairly favored privileged students and wasn’t the best predictor of college success.
“The SAT/ACT mathematics requirement is not an obstacle to equity; rather, it is a prerequisite for it,” the letter, which was distributed by faculty members in the math department at the University of California at Berkeley but signed by faculty members systemwide, said.
“Failing to measure preparation gaps does not remove barriers; it moves them into the classroom, where they become harder to overcome. An admissions process that ignores foundational readiness does a disservice to the most vulnerable students.”
Without standardized-test results or other reliable readiness measures, it’s hard to know which students are actually prepared for STEM majors, the letter says.
For those of us who have criticized standardized tests, based on their inherent flaws and their current overuse, this is a reminder that these instruments are valuable for some purposes. In highly competitive fields, like the STEM subjects, it makes no sense to admit college students whose skills are inadequate to the challenge. College professors should not be expected to teach midddle-school math.
Those colleges that choose an open-admission policy are free to do so.
But where the field of study requires a certain level of preparation, students should demonstrate that they are ready and prepared as a condition of admission.
Universities that don’t like standardized tests could offer their own test.
Which brings us back to the opening of the 20th century, when a large number of colleges created the College Entry Examination Board to devise a common test that would demonstrate whether or not students were ready for college.
The Board administered a test each year that assessed students’ knowledge and ability in courses. The “college boards,” as they were known, required full answers to thoughtful questions. They were not standardized and machine-scored. Students were told in advance which works of literature would be assessed and read them to be prepared.
The “college boards” were read and scored by college and high school faculty.
The hand-written exams were replaced by the standardized exams in 1941, on Pearl Harbor day. The leaders of the CEEB sacrificed the old style exams with the onset of the war. It was a move they had wanted to make, to save money and time.
Ever since, we have struggled with the reality that some kind of test was necessary to demonstrate college readiness, alongside the awareness that the standardized tests are biased in favor of students with higher family incomes. They are also biased in favor of students who attended good schools with experienced teachers, advanced classes, and ample resources.

So, what, are they admitting students whose highest level of high school math was Algebra? I mean, can they not tell from a student’s transcript who has been prepared for college level math and science? Or are we admitting that AP classes are useless (which, admittedly, is a fair point)? Or what?
The SAT does not include science and it’s optional on the ACT. Neither test covers calculus. Why would those tests tell colleges more about a student than a transcript that shows that a student has passed classes like Calculus and Physics?
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Dienne, I read a different (more detailed) article on this, and had the same question. The article focused on the complaints of UCSD, which is among the more selective in the UC system. Gotta figure they have some high school math prerequisites for admissions to engineering et al STEM majors. My engr husband remembers that to apply to engrg pgms back in his day, you had to have at least Alg I, Geom & Trig [Alg II], and if you had Calculus too as he did, you were more likely to get admitted.
However, same day I read an article on K12 grade inflation (in comments, many profs contributing similar stories re: college). Stats in article, as well as comments from teachers were pretty convincing. That made me wonder if perhaps students are taking, say minimum math reqts [geom, alg I & II], but profs are finding that B/A grades are not reflected in many [UCSD says 30%] students’ demonstrated ability. Perhaps they feel one way to address this is to require SAT math score as well. That would at least tell the if the applicant were strong in math.
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A quick follow up on this – you are spot on. Grade inflation at the K-12 level is rampant. At a HS graduation (not my daughters’ but the school they attend). the principal said that approximately 20% of the senior class had an unweighted 4.0 GPA. Policies such as multiple retakes and/or the 50% rule (which allows students a minimum of 50% on a test/quiz as long as they demonstrated they tried), have led to some of the inflation. Those policies were done in the name of fairness and equity – and I understand why they have been advocated for. Unfortunately many HS students have taken advantage of these policies – in many cases not studying as hard the first time, or gaming the system. I’ll add this – prior to this year, my school district had it so that if a student received an A first quarter and a B the second quarter then the grade was an A for the semester (and the semester grade was the one that counted towards the GPA).
I admit that the SAT/ACT is not the ideal, but then again, neither is the grade inflation that is happening…
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And, incidentally, students who have passed Calculus and Physics probably have an AP score to prove it, so, if they need a test, why is a specific AP test not a better indicator than a general test like SAT or ACT?
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You can’t use AP scores for admission since AP exams are frequently taken in the senior year and scores aren’t released until summer.
Many schools now require students include their intended major when applying.
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True for AP classes taken senior year, but there are relevant AP classes students take junior year such as AP Pre-Calculus and AP Chemistry. Some schools offer accelerated STEM tracks which offer AP Calculus AB or BC and/or AP Physics junior year.
In any case, my comments were at least in part a reaction to this from the article: “College professors should not be expected to teach midddle-school math.” If a STEM student needs middle-school level math remediation, that’s a major fault of the admissions team and nothing to do with whether a student took a standardized test or not. In order to be admitted to a college STEM program, a student’s transcript should at least show that they took and passed (with an A or B) algebra, geometry and probably trigonometry, none of which are middle-school math. Plus the transcript will show at least what senior classes a student is taking, albeit obviously not what grade they’ve gotten yet.
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I can only speak from my experience having run an honors CS program before retiring.
There was frequently pressure to admit students who had a high overall average or even a high math average but students who didn’t meet a certain bar mathematically frequently struggled and that’s putting it mildly.
Students in CS at my former institution (honors or regular) had to take calc 1 and 2, linear, and discrete math with the last course being the course with the highest failure rate at the school. They had to take these classes early as they were prerequisites for other classes.
This meant that kids had to be ready for that level of math out the gate.
To be honest, SAT scores weren’t really helpful – more of a baseline – if a kid scored under 550 on math they would almost certainly struggle and even 600 was questionable.
A better indicator was the regents score for Algebra2/Trig. If they scored well there (on the exam, regardless of class grade) they’d likely succeed. This was combination of the rigor of the exam plus the fact that the kid had to have advanced to that level by the end of their Junior year.
A kid with a 99 math average but who topped out in Geometry (10th grade math) was a risk.
The other strong indicator was if the kid took APCS-A (not APCS-Principles which was worthless) but in that case, the class grade and the AP score was irrelevant. It was more the experience the kids had of a year of programming.
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What is CS?
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Computer Science, I think (re the programming component mentioned).
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Thanks, sometimes my brain doesn’t work well.
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No problem. That happens to many, especially those of us who are up in our years –though some are a lot worse than others (like the POTUS).
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One might wonder why anyone would want to major in Science, Technology, Engineering or Math if they’re not proficient in Math, but K-12 STEM programs today may be enticing to students because so often they’re integrated, project-based, hands-on and involve group work, so the amount of math needed in each subject might be obscured or not readily apparent.
I knew a woman who attended top-notch progressive schools and went into engineering because she was so great at math, but that was before STEM programs were integrated in typical K-12 schools…
My cousin went to a top university for degrees in Physics and was denied his doctorate due to a math error in his dissertation. He subsequently transferred to a different university, earned his Phd and became a Physics professor there.
You never know how things are going to turn out…
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P.S. The female engineer also got a lot of very knowledgeable advice and inside info, since both her parents were brilliant college professors (though not in STEM fields).
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A question that comes to mind might sound disparaging to the professors. Do these wise men know how it feels to be inexperienced in mathematics? Do they really understand instruction? Can they really differentiate (pun intended) between students ready and students not ready? Are their expectations reasonable? Are there students whose unique talents they might be missing?
There is more to teaching than just knowing the math.
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All very good questions. And ones not answered by the SAT or ACT.
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Good questions and great points, Roy!
When I first started working in Teacher Education at colleges, I realized quickly that because I had already been through Teacher Education programs myself, studied human development, as well as individual and group differences, and had worked as a classroom teacher with kids for many years, I had a different set of skills from most other professors. However, invariably, the colleges where I worked did recognize that while professors are typically very familiar with their own subject matter, most know little about learning and teaching. All the schools where I taught wanted to get away from courses that had mostly traditional teacher-centered lectures, so they provided a lot of required professional development activities that focused on students and learning, as well as different methods of teaching and assessment.
So yes, in my experiences (teaching college for over 25 years at 8 different campuses), colleges are aware of these issues and they do observe to see if professors are using more methods in their teaching, in order to increase the likelihood of reaching diverse classes and improve student outcomes.
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BTW, I wasn’t counting the two colleges where I taught online over the last 12 years of my career (due to health issues), because I can’t recall them providing ANY PDs to faculty there… (Learning Zoom for the pandemic was a do it yourself kind of thing.)
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FYI, prior to the pandemic, all courses at both online universities where I taught had been asynchronous, not live in real time. I think colleges like that changed in order to be more competitive with all the other schools that began providing online classes at that time.
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You raise a somewhat fair point…It is true that often times college professors lack pedagogical skills of K-12 teachers. It’s why Lee Shulman created the idea of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). In higher ed, and honestly often in K-12 in STEM fields, because of the shortages in these fields, sometimes the teachers are hired because of their content knowledge. They know the material, but are unsure how to explain it. Or see things in a different way. And they get frustrated when students do not know things the same way they know it. Yes, this is a problem.
On the other hand…we are not talking about students in remedial math courses (at least from what I saw). We are talking about students that may be pursuing a career in STEM. And in those cases, yes I do believe there should be a minimum expectation of what they know. Perhaps the students who are in these classes were fast tracked into honors programs without fully being prepared for that level. Perhaps they also were products of grade inflation, when in K-12 students are allowed to take retakes on assessments for full credit (more than once) and where, in some districts, the worst you can get is a 50% on any assessment.
As for the reasonable expectations = I think that too often in education we focus on what the students “cannot do” and we have lowered our bar in what to expect of them. As a math educator for the last 25 years, I feel I have reasonable expectations. Memorizing certain formulas is reasonable. Attempting to do the HW on a regular basis is reasonable. Communicating with the teacher if you need help (or will be absent) is reasonable…I can go on and on…
My point here is that it is not helpful at all to create a dichotomy – it’s the student’s fault, or it’s the teacher’s fault. Blame and potential for growth lie with both parties.
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I must disagree. I am an English teaching fella, so math is not not my area of knowledge, but it seems to me (in a time when there is super hot pressure from the well heeled on schools and teachers, universities and professors) that this is just way too simple. Standardized tests are a requirement for equity? Hmm. That reminds me of “Common Core is the civil rights movement of the 21st century.” Nnnope!
No, when it comes to assigning blame for lack of ability by kids nowadays, there seems a big push to blame a lack of test based “accountability” everywhere you look. But it wasn’t the cessation of the NCLB requirement that everyone be proficient or lose their school. And it was not the cessation of the requirement for SAT scores.
It was Common Core to blame, folks! Have you seen how students in elementary through high school are taught math now? It makes no sense. There are math questions with no right answers. Have any of the 600 professors seen a k-12 Common Core based math curriculum in detail? I know firsthand that high stakes standardized tests ruined English. Bet anything they ruined math too. For generations.
Blame the tests. Don’t resurrect them! Nooo!
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“No, when it comes to assigning blame for lack of ability by kids nowadays”
That blaming of a “lack of ability” for American students has been an ongoing phenomena since a high school education, i.e., mandatory attendance, was implemented.
It is a woe to us complaint about the young that has been going on for 2-3 millennia.
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I know, you’re right, and I was self conscious of that when I wrote the comment. It’s a pitfall, thinking anything that begins with “kids nowadays”. But Dwayne, I can’t help but notice something different the last few years. Maybe A Nation at Risk and No Child Left Behind were self fulfilling prophesies. Maybe Campbell’s Law is right.
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I feel so very lucky to have graduated from high school in Ohio when I did, 1955–which allowed me or any Ohio high school grad to go to any of Ohio’s several colleges without taking an exam. In my case, I had to wait a couple of years to do that because I served in the US Army. But I didn’t learn any English or other academic skills in the Army. And I did very well in college and went on to teaching English and social studies successfully in three Ohio school districts. I also attended law school, got an M.A., and played leadership roles in the teachers’ union and in state government.
I always thought the tests were a bad idea. So are the other standardized tests we give in school. Give young people a chance at college and help them do it. In life, the test is, can you do what you need to do or want to do. We’d never think of giving a standardized test to someone to see if they can play football well enough to make the team. Let’s give young people the chance to learn how to do college–and what comes after.
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I’m really disappointed to see you supporting this, Diane. There have always been UC profs who disagreed with removing the tests from admissions and I would guess that the Venn diagram for those folks would have a lot of overlap with these (600) folks. My child (and the children of several of my friends from the opt out movement) attended Worcester Polytechnic Institute, which is a science- and engineering-focused school. Like the UC system, WPI is entirely test-blind. Somehow, they manage to admit and graduate whole classes of engineers, computer scientists, and the like from their ABET-accredited programs. My child did her MS immediately after her BS and was working on her grad research out of Mass Gen alongside MIT and Harvard grads.
Incoming first-year students can take math placement tests to figure out where they need to start in math. Or the students can just decide on their own. Some, assuming their good SAT/ACT (if they took it for other colleges) or AP scores meant they didn’t need to start at the beginning, would enroll in Calc 3 or above–and the parents’ FB page was filled with stories of how challenging that was for some students. Others, like my own child, just decided to start at Calc 1, reasoning, correctly I believe, that Calc at the college level was not equivalent to the high school version. If you did aim too high and failed your calc class (or any class at WPI) you could get a limited number of NRs (not recorded). That is, the failure would not appear on your transcript, and you could take the course again, hopefully passing this time and, if wise, taking advantage of abundant tutoring resources.
There is no reason the UCs couldn’t do something similar: placement tests keyed to their exact courses (not broad like the SAT), tutoring resources, opportunities to repeat courses without stigma. Would it be more work for these professors to teach students who didn’t already know what they are supposed to be teaching them? Yep. But that’s their job.
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Exactly! Your reply offers a sensible and reasonable approach.
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Dr. Ravitch – I admit that I am pleased to see this post from you…I know in the past that you have been strongly against standardized tests (particularly those that are at the state level, as shared in other posts)
I particularly agree with your last paragraph, but would like to expand on it some more…I wonder how many students were attending college in 1940 versus those that are attending it today. I am sure the number is much higher now. I also wonder how long it took those to grade the hand written college boards back then – and when were they graded?
I agree that having something that is all multiple choice is a bit flawed. At the same time, I see it somewhat as a necessary evil in many cases. Having tests that are rubric scored, or are scored by humans (I am assuming you would not be a fan of AI scoring) takes a lot of time, as well as a lot of money.
Can we do more on what the assessments look like? Definitely. At the same time, the test optional movement that stemmed out of the pandemic has had lots of drawbacks.
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It seems to me that even when standardized tests were required for admissions – and in every college that requires standardized tests now – hard core STEM majors have ALWAYS had a very high attrition rate. Lots of students begin as STEM majors and switch after struggling.
I find it hard to believe that students who can’t do middle school math are enrolling as STEM majors at UCs. It’s far more likely that like all the other STEM majors with “good enough” test scores, some students who aren’t either naturally talented in math or never had the resources to hire tutors to help them through math classes will struggle. But the ones who actually LOVE the subject will thrive in math classes that teach through the higher level high school math and move into college math at a slower pace for a year or even two. There will always be low-income students who are just like the middle class and affluent students who drop out of. STEM majors despite the more affluent students who drop out having a “good” SAT score. Many students realized they didn’t really like math ENOUGH to do what it takes to take upper level STEM classes.
Apparently some faculty in the STEM departments only want to teach students who need very little instruction! They got away with high attrition for STEM majors for years, when standardized test scores were required, and having a high standardized test score was no guarantee of success for any student. Being motivated AND having good teachers who didn’t only want to teach students so talented that they didn’t need much instruction seems like a solution that doesn’t target the least affluent students with the excuse that they can’t handle the work that all those more affluent kids that regularly dropped out of STEM programs supposedly could.
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I have concluded that many of the selective admissions colleges, which do not accept all applicants, want the SAT or ACT as a way to remove the applicants whose scores are so low that they would never be considered.
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And yet the majority of selective colleges remain test-optional post-pandemic and are able to select their classes. Besides, schools could be missing out on students with good potential just because those students aren’t good testers.
In my opinion, this is especially troubling for the mission of a public university. I recommend that you look at Michelle Fine’s research on the “CUNY pilot.” In that study, which has spanned years and began when CUNY still had a test-score cutoff, Fine looked at graduates of schools from the NY Performance Standards Consortium who would not have been admitted to 4-yr CUNYs bc they came in (just) under the cutoff. For the pilot, CUNY admitted these students anyway and then tracked their progress. The students did so well that CUNY has since adjusted its policies on admissions and placement tests.
Michelle talks about her work on the pilot, along with a grad who had been admitted under the pilot, here: https://youtu.be/W1QxodJ-nBE?si=oQbd6C5fBdw2Objo
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Bravely – Let’s examine a few of your claims as well as some thoughts:
The reality is that more and more colleges are not being test optional – OR they may say they are “test optional” but to be the most competitive students are encouraged to take tests. I’d be curious of the highly competitive schools that you are saying are test optional what the percentages are of the students that get accepted and took a test versus those that got accepted and chose not to take a test.
Here’s the other dirty secret that is out there – admissions is a money making business. And it’s a perception business. Some of these top schools that are “test optional” do so in order to encourage more applications. The Common App has seemingly made it easier for students to apply to lots of colleges, but then again, that means more fees that the colleges are colleting for the applications. I will also add that in terms of a money making business, some higher education institutions will accept students that may struggle only to get their tuition dollars. I have seen schools that provide instant acceptances to students, no matter the grades, or the test scores. You may think that’s about charity and opportunity, but let’s face it – it’s more about money.
As for the research that you shared – I do agree with you that we should not be so direct in saying that one cutoff makes or break a student’s opportunity to pursue higher education at a college. Schools should never use one score as the only score.
That being said, we should have some type of measurement for students. Grades have become over inflated. So why not a test?
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At the state university where I earned my BA and MA, they required all entering bachelor’s degree candidates to show an ID and then write an essay, so they’d have an example of each student’s level of writing in English. That included transfer students, of which I was one, since I had earned an AA at a private college years before then. There were hundreds of students there when I did that and all essays had to be hand scored. I was not planning to major in a STEM discipline, but for those who are, I think a similar kind of test in Math could be given as well.
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