According to three advocates for cursive writing, it is a powerful tool for learning. While many predicted its demise after the widespread adoption of typing and computers, it is indeed making a comeback; some states have mandated it in the elementary years.
Please note that this author learned cursive, with extreme difficulty. I am left-handed, and my pen curled around my hand, smudging my hand with ink. Though we were taught via the Palmer Method, my handwriting today is almost indecipherable. Though I spent hours trying to draw circles, my handwriting is a scrawl. But I think I did get benefits from learning to write “by hand,” including being able to read other people’s handwriting.
The authors–Elizabeth DeWitt, Cheryl Lundy Swift, and Christina Brett–wrote:
In a world where digital devices are everywhere, it’s easy to wonder if handwriting still matters. We’ve all heard the argument that keyboards and screens have made this foundational skill obsolete. But research keeps confirming what many teachers have known for years: Handwriting is more than just penmanship — it’s an important part of a child’s thinking and literacy development, particularly during the formative years of pre-K through fifth grade.
A recent study, “Writing by Hand Helps Children Learn Letters Better,” reinforces this, showing that the physical act of forming letters strengthens memory and accelerates learning. Far from being a relic of the past, handwriting is a powerful tool that prepares young students for reading, improves their cognitive abilities and builds the groundwork for becoming confident, capable writers. Watch: Gen Z Can’t Sign Their Names, Making Mail-In Ballots Invalid.
The power of handwriting comes from the way it engages multiple senses at once. Unlike typing, which relies on a single, repetitive motion, handwriting activates multiple areas of the brain by combining visual, auditory and kinesthetic input. When children form a letter, they’re engaging in a dynamic process that solidifies its identity in their mind. This graphomotor movement — the coordination of hand and eye to produce letters — is key to remembering them. Explicitly teaching children to form letters by hand, even through simple methods like having them copy words from a correctly written letter, word or sentence, helps them learn and better retain letter and word structures.
This practice has a powerful ripple effect. Once letter formation becomes automatic, a child’s brain is freed to focus on higher-level thinking. Instead of struggling to recall how to write a letter, a child can concentrate on building sentences, expressing thoughts and ideas, and crafting coherent narratives. This is how fluent writing develops. And the benefits extend well beyond childhood: One study found college students who took notes by hand remembered more than those who typed, likely because writing by hand forces the brain to process and summarize information, not just copy it.

I don’t generally like to do this (this isn’t my blog), but Diane did give me permission for it several years ago. I wrote at some length on this topic in this post: https://markstextterminal.com/2019/06/27/review-essay-handwriting-penmanship-and-learning/
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A few years ago I taught a student who had gone to elementary school in El Salvador. I teach Spanish to Native and Heritage speakers in high school. This student was particularly distracted, off-task, disruptive, and attention seeking. He might have been diagnosed with ADHD. However, when given paper and a writing prompt, he would write in beautiful cursive with focus and precision. I believe in returning to such manual arts as a way to connect the mind with the body, creating an automaticity of thoughts to the hand and paper. Indeed we really must return as computers now serve as AI devices that write students’ essays today.
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Do any of the “studies” differentiate hand-writing from cursive?
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I imagine that there are folks who think we should still write in pictographs. Cursive writing not as good as printing for clear communication .
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I have read some things about this. Apparently the idea that cursive is good for learning is based on MRI studies that show brain activity. I am obviously not competent to discuss the issue from an objective point of view. I can report how I feel, however, and I have long felt the benefits of interacting with tools on paper. Geometry feels different on the chalkboard. So does algebra. When I want to pen the best letter, I get out my grandfather’s old fountain pen, and somehow it feels better.
One of the interesting experiences I had teaching was interacting with the chalkboard and talking simultaneously, one of the necessities of math teaching when I started. I found that I had the tendency to write 8 when I said x. I only did this with chalk, not with pencil on paper, not with dry erase marker.
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Cursive writing is faster and more fluid than printing by hand. As a student I found that written responses were foundational for helping me to retain information. It somehow solidified understanding when I was studying. I can recall rewriting spelling words before tests. Since English is about 84% regular, spelling tests help students master many of the unusual spellings in English. By the way my grandson, a bright high school sophomore, is a poor speller as he has never had a spelling test in his Texas public schools. I suppose they believe autocorrect and now AI will take over. I can even remember writing out main points when studying for tests in college as it was helpful for recalling information before exams. I think the kinesthetic act of writing aids in the retention of academic material. Likewise, having a working knowledge of cursive is beneficial to historians as it would be difficult to read source materials in cursive without it.
I am also a fellow lefty. I have a vivid memory of dragging my hand across the page and ending up with an indelible blue smudge on my left hand, but at least I missed the quill and inkwell era. I can also remember arriving early for final exams in order to ensure I could get one of the coveted left-handed desk/chairs for exams.
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Haha, Retired Teacher, I remember the quill pens and dipping them in ink. The ballpoint pen seemed like a bold step forward until I saw what it did to my fingers. I got so used to the right hand desk that I avoided the left hand desks. Typing was a blessing.
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Before ball point pens became freely available, we used cartridge pens. Talk about a yucky mess!!
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Yes…but the cartridge was considered an improvement over the ink well.
(Little Sally’s pigtails in the ink well).
And then: The BIC rolling ballpoint pen!
Invest in plastics!!!
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I taught fourth grade, at a time where cursive was part of the curriculum. It took time out of the curriculum to teach cursive to children who could already print. It would seem that printing achieves the same goals listed above that cursive does. To the person who suggested that cursive is faster…I conducted a very informal survey in college when I was in grad school, just to satisfy my own curiosity, and something like 90% of the students I surveyed in college printed rather than use cursive.
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Jody,
I prefer printing to cursive because my printing is more legible than my cursive scrawl. But that’s just me, not a study.
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Me too. I can’t read my cursive scrawl. Still, sometimes my print is a challenge.
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I’ve been feeling the same way these days.
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I learned cursive. But even today, when signing my name or trying to write out full sentences, I switch to printing. My signature is a cross between print and cursive. When I took a caligraphy class in HS, it changed the way I thought about cursive. My print is actually a form of caligraphy to this day.
BUT, I read cursive quite well and thought about applying to the National Archives to read old documents. They need people that can decipher the writing and transfer them to print. I read the samples they published and had no trouble. But the new administration doesnt see the importance, even for volunteers to do the work. Sorry for the digression.
In California, cursive is required teaching in elementary. It was added to the standards several years ago.
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Jody– If you go to the link to the whole article, you’ll find some points addressing the benefits provided by cursive that go beyond the benefits of printing. More on this at a few of the many links embedded in marktextterminal’s blog post referenced in his comment above. Most of the points relate to the fluidity gained in connecting the letters (rather than additional speed, which as you say varies from one person to another).
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An addendum to my own experience:
When I took a Fortran class in the summer of 1982, I began to print in all caps when I took notes. Somehow the printing of the notes like they would be fed into the main frame seemed mnemonic
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I do the same thing, Roy. I picked it up from a decade working for an engrg/ constr co. It’s how the blueprints were titled/ notated. I find it easier to keep the printing uniform & in a straight line. For me, pleasing to the eye.
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Ah yes, the whole writing thing… I learned to write at home when I was in Preschool from my older sister the Palmer method was in vogue. Then in 1st Grade, my teacher switched me from being a lefty to a righty, which my 2nd Grade teacher required as well, so I’ve been mixed dominant for the remainder of my life. (I’m more adept at doing different things with my left hand when I first learned to do them at home, like sweeping and opening jars/bottles –which I still do.) I drove a scooter for years, because I couldn’t afford a car, and I discovered then that I automatically balanced on my left foot whenever I came to a stop because I’m left footed.
I was still in grade school during the change to Zaner-Bloser, and as a teacher, I had to learn D’Nealian, too. I found that method to be most effective with kids whose parents recently came from Eastern Europe and were working with them at home. I was very flexible, taught all methods and accepted whatever students felt comfortable with personally, even when they did not stick with just one style –which was often because they found certain letters from other methods to be more appealing or just easier (and I had often felt the same way myself).
In my experience, one of the main reasons why kids want to learn cursive is so that they can get creative in determining how their signatures look. I thought the worst experience for me was when I worked in an office and had to sign many documents every day, because it resulted in my signature becoming very contracted and looking like it was written by a chicken who overdosed on caffeine.
It turned out that the worse was yet to come: Much more challenging have been the many years that I’ve had to sign documents on my computer –and all too often lately with a jumping cursor! Even with a stylus on a touch screen, it’s very frustrating for me, looks really awful and I have to repeatedly try to get it right, so I ALWAYS feel incompetent when I have to do it (but from a young age, I fancied myself a writer…)
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Not to mention many card-machine checkouts that require a signature on a rather small screen. I’ve developed a very arty-looking squiggle for those 😉
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Does anyone else remember Bill Cosby’s hysterical take on learning to print letters in school –and having to travel so far between the lines: “A” “B” “Can I have another paper?”
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Actually, he said Ayyyyyyyyyyyyyyy, Beeeeeeeeeeeeeee, very cleverly dragging out the names of the letters to demonstrate how long it took for him to get where he had to go in writing what seemed to a young child to be gigantic letters that didn’t really fit on the page.
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For all of his repugnant flaws, Cosby was a brilliant stand up comedian. The material was excellent and his delivery/use of the mic, was perfect. I still have all his albums in vinyl.
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Precise;y, gitapik!!! This routine was on his “Why Is There Air” album –which I don’t have now (nor any of my other albums) but it can be found on Youtube). You were very wise to keep all your albums!
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Been there, done that, taught cursive writing, quite the challenge but also it could be fun, too. I think it was the Zaner-Bloser method, it’s been a long time since I taught cursive writing. Before getting into the lesson I would have the kids assume the most comfortable writing position for the paper and pencil, depending if they were left or right handed.
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So what are the chances that Donald N. Thurber (aka D’Nealian) chose to not to call his writing style “Thurber” because he wanted to distinguish himself from other Famous “Writers” on Jeopardy, with the clue “All four of their last names end in er,” as in “Who are “Palmer, Zaner, Bloser” and “Thurber”?
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cx: s/b Donald Neal Thurber, not Donald N.
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Really glad to see this article. 90+% of pop MSM/ social media on the subject focuses on ‘when would you ever need to use it’ [as an adult], & secondarily on the relative speed of electronic typing (or relative speed of printing vs cursive). As is so often the case with technological advances that affect our daily lives, the public tends to drop past practice in the course of embracing the new, without a thought to what benefits—especially to learning/ retention et al mental functioning—they might be leaving behind.
This article emphasizes cursive’s role in learning to read and write [including later on a keyboard] with fluency, regardless of whether it is eventually abandoned. A couple of the articles marktextterminal linked in his blog post say full fluency is not acquired until about 9th grade, so it is important not to, e.g., just drop cursive for all middle school/ highschool assnts.
Personally, writing things out in cursive [or even print, which I tend to use for all-caps IMPORTANT—DON’T FORGET]—enhances memory/ retention. I recognize this varies from one person to another, but many say the same. Way back in college, as a foreign-langs major, I had to learn 1,000’s of vocabulary words within rather short windows of time. I used to fold 8-1/2×11 lined paper into 4 vertical segments, in order to write out, e.g., Span word > Eng transl > back to Span > back to Eng, each time hiding my view from previous column. That usually did it. If not, repeat (or just repeat the ones you couldn’t translate).
In much of adult life, I found that written reminders didn’t really have to be “posted” anywhere to be remembered: the writing did it. Today my short-term memory is degraded; I toss the reminders in a pile: having written them out reminds me there’s something to be remembered (I check the pile 😉).
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My nephew was taught to write cursive before he was taught to print. It’s apparently easier to space letters evenly, easier to form the letters and some other things I can’t remember. (It was a Montessori school.)
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For a Montessori school, this makes sense, since kids there are also taught sounds that letters represent before they learn the names of letters. (I taught them together, because I think pairing helps to reinforce learning since that establishes more than one pathway to comprehension and memory.)
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If anyone is interested, when my older sister taught me how to write, I learned the names of letters and the sounds they represented at the same time –and they stuck in my head very quickly. I think that’s because it made sense to me — despite all the exceptions to the rules, because she taught me those, too.
That was in the 50s, when learning to read usually meant just memorizing sight words in Dick and Jane books. Back then, in school, we were not typically taught Phonics until 2nd grade, so I had a head start on that thanks to my sister. But I did not become a book lover until later –I think, at least in part, that was because of the boring, repetitious books we had been forced to basically just memorize in 1st grade.
So when I taught reading and writing, I embraced and taught it all. I tried to make it meaningful, interesting and fun, such as by including different literature and games. I first did that when I tutored primary students who were struggling with reading, and also when I taught my little brother to read and write.
I really adored Whole Language when that came a long. That’s because there was so much more literature students could be exposed to then. From nursery rhymes to comic books to dictionaries, encyclopedias, menus, phone books, the Rules of the Road and much more, I brought it all into my classroom, plus journals for students to write in daily (in Kindergarten but starting in PreK). I think that was all very motivating, while also making it easier for students to develop and pursue new interests when learning to read and write.
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Impossible to keep this one brief. I’ve had direct consequential experience in this area:
The abandonment of Handwriting (both print and cursive) as part of the everyday academic curriculum marked a pivotal point in my teaching career.
My first 15 years in special education were spent as a homeroom teacher for severely emotionally challenged kids (grades 4-6). Many had fetal alcohol syndrome and/or had been born with a crack addiction. ADHD was prevalent (though not officially labeled at the time). There were many verbal altercations followed up by fights and serious violent outbursts.
Keeping these kids on task was a challenge, to say the very least. But there were a few oases…one of which was the daily Handwriting period.
We had lesson books for both the print and cursive styles. Well scaffolded to ensure eventual success of one sort or other. The kids kept these books in their desks…one of the few pieces of accessible property that was off bounds to steal or deface. I can’t tell you how much we all looked forward to and enjoyed this time of day.
I was also one of the techies for our five sites. As the technology became more sophisticated, I couldn’t help but notice a shift towards the computer keyboard as a replacement to the written hand. At an Apple sponsored workshop for their now “kid friendly” AppleWorks program, I brought up my concerns. The rep’s reply was that the mouse would replace fine motor/sensory needs and the creative aspects of the program would far outweigh any other aspects of handwriting.
Sure enough, not long after, I was told to stop shopping for handwriting lesson books at the curriculum fairs (which were soon replaced by on line services selling DVDs for digital learning).
BUT: I was also in charge of stocking and organizing the book room! Rather than throw out the remaining copies of these lesson books, I kept them and made copies of the daily lessons for the kids. The other teachers at my site happily followed suit.
One day my AP caught me making these copies. Not a good moment. Test scores were becoming more important and Handwriting period was now considered “fluff” (along with the first period class meeting) that could be eliminated. “Ditch da books!”.
The resulting uproar on the part of the kids was immediate and predictable. The eventual tech replacement was good but not at all the same. Especially before we got the computer labs and iPads. Good as it is, tech had too many distractions for my population. They weren’t as focused.
I see the bridge between cursive (and print) to memory retention. Just as important (if not more so for my kids) was predictable daily time for the use of the hands to create relevant simplified. and non threatening works of art that kept the mind occupied. I’m glad to see the medium making a comeback. I’ve always been a huge proponent of technology. But it’s not the be all and end all that the industry cracks it up to be. Here and now physical involvement is, in my experience, irreplaceable
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Gitapik,
Thank you for sharing your experiences!
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