You know how sometimes you read a book and wish that everyone else would read it too?
That’s the way I felt when I finished reading Richard Rothstein’s compelling new book, “The Color of Law.”
I wished that every member of the Supreme Court would read it. Even Neil Gorsuch. I wished that every federal judge would read it.
I hope you will read it.
It is a major contribution to our understanding of the persistence of racial segregation in our society, in housing and in schools.
Rothstein explains that, contrary to common belief, there is no distinction between de jure segregation, which is illegal, and de facto segregation, which appears to be the result of private decisions and happenstance.
Rothstein documents the fact that segregated neighborhoods and racial ghettos were created by federal, state, and local laws, policies, and zoning.
African Americans did not choose to live in densely segregated neighborhoods. They were prohibited from buying into or renting in white neighborhoods. Federal mortgage insurance required segregation. So did state and local laws and zoning. So did public housing.
Schools are segregated because neighborhoods are segregated.
Our society remains racially segregated because of the legacy of a century of legal requirements for residential segregation.
Trump and DeVos will spend their time in office eroding and eliminating civil rights protections.
If this bothers you as it bothers me, please read Rothstein’s book. You will understand how our government segregated America and has left us with festering social problems that have severely deprived our black fellow Americans of their rights and of equality under the law.
We must know our history and work to change what was done. It can be undone. Certainly not by this administration, but there will be others, hopefully others who care about binding our wounds and seeking a better world.

“You know how sometimes you read a book and wish that everyone else would read it too?”
Reminds me of a review I wrote on “The Death and Life of the Great American School System”:
“Some things you read make you want grab the shoulders of anyone within reach and yell, ‘Dammit, pay attention to this!’ This is one of those times.”
Since you recommend this strongly, it will be put into my reading queue. Thanks for the heads up!
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Just looked it up. If a book is strongly endorsed by Diane Ravitch and William Julius Wilson, then it is surely something we should all take seriously.
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Let’s not wait for others to act in the future!
Concerned white liberals can do something about racial segregation now!!
Sell your home (which is almost certainly far away from a Black area), and move into a Black area now! If you have children, make sure they go to a nearly all-Black school!
Hic Rhodus, hic salta!
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Thank you for reminding us all that the it is impossible to force a strand of hair between craven, willing stupidity and racism. They are two sides of a very bad penny that needs to be discarded.
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doug1943,
Even Trump supporters like you should read this book. Especially you should read this book and learn that black and white neighborhoods didn’t just happen. They were created and imposed and enforced by federal, state, and local laws.
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doug1943 makes a valid point. I long ago lost count of all the white liberals I personally know who lived in core cities during their single years, but who moved to suburbs with public schools regarded as safe and high achieving academically – just in time for their oldest child to begin kindergarten. Those white liberals have Sanders, Hillary, and Obama bumper stickers on their cars, and they recite all the PC words about racial equality, those awful Trump supporters, and all the rest of the faculty lounge lingo – all at a safe distance from the chaos of so many inner city schools.
I grew up in a small, racially mixed city (35,000 population), and I’m a better person for having known non-white people in integrated settings; my hometown had one high school that everyone attended. But the hypocrisy on this issue is nauseating.
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Well, bless your heart. Aren’t you special.
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Much more succinct than what I had in mind, Zorba.
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Well, unless he has spent any time in the South, or among Southern women, he won’t even get this.
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I’m reading this book now. I heard him on Fresh Air awhile back. I completely agree with you. As I’m reading, I’m wishing everyone in America would read this book. It explains so much about how we got to where we are now. Thank you for sharing your thoughts here. Hopefully more people will read it. I’ll be passing mine out for friends to borrow.
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Read it! Really struck me as a school teacher book. We lived this history. Watched it played out in our classrooms. There was a persistent, organized, bureaucratized evil at work and it was injected directly and deliberately into our lives and our work.
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Of course civil rights are going down. The key job in the federal government in terms of civil rights enforcement is the leader of the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department. Trump has selected Eric Dreiband, who has represented numerous clients accused of violating civil rights laws. Activists are outraged.http://www.politico.com/story/2017/06/29/activists-oppose-trump-civil-rights-pick-240112
We are witnessing the beginning of a nationwide voter-suppression campaign, led by the White House and enabled by Congress and the Department of Justice.The Trump Administration Is Planning an Unprecedented Attack on Voting Rights | The Nation https://www.thenation.com/article/the-trump-administration-is-planning-an-unprecedented-attack-on-voting-rights/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Daily%2006302017&utm_term=daily
But this administration and the present cadre of governors and legislators are all hell-bent on destroying all benefits for the common good. Look how hard we have to fight for a minimum wage! Gone is the ‘right’ to a decent wage, or public education and healthcare, as all the institutions that once supported THE COMMON GOOD are being eroded.
Look how unions have been demonized in the media (owned by the billionaires who run this nation).
GONE ARE rights to ‘collective bargaining’.
Yes, our ethnic minorities have suffered the most and the longest, and those in poverty have had n o voice, but make no mistake about it, the middle class is in the cross hairs.
I have posted this often, but watch it again… it shows the truth about the end of the middle class: Wealth Inequality in America – YouTube
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I would love for you to review Nancy MacLean’s Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Rights’s Stealth Plan for America,. This book discusses the “radical rights” intentions and strategies to eliminate our public schools among its other goals ultimately leading to an elimination of our democracy.,Its written by a historian from Duke University, who studied the papers from James Buchanan, an economist who collaborated with Charles Koch on this agenda.
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Will order right now!
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Thanks for the recommendation, Concerned! I just spent some time reading the comments on Amazon which led me to the Independent Institute commentary. Whoa Nelly! What scary group of “intellectuals.” The concerted effort by right wing libertarians to trash this book makes me more interested in reading it.
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She uses lots of quotes from James Buchanan’s correspondence and personal papers. Her book outlines decades of plans and strategies for building a cadre of followers. Their plans and views of the world are simply chilling. It’s really about dominion and planned deception. She obtained access James Buchanan’s papers papers as they had been left, pretty much been abandoned at one of the colleges that housed one of the early think tanks he led. He connected with Charles Koch, who began funding them. One of their major goals was the elimination of public education.
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I just posted about the new segregationists, billionaire-funded foundations who are perpetuating the federal role in redlining in ways that are only one-or two steps removed from other usually earlier federal policies bearing on real estate, insurance, lending, and the like. It is by now obvious that the charter industry is as much about real estate as about schools. GreatSchools.org is a billionaire funded “non-profit” functioning as a redlining website. the hoopla about education being the civil rights issue of out time has become the political cover for investors in market-based education.
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For the record, with some of the bashing of AP, and AP Human Geography in particular, yesterday, racial segregation, redlining, blockbusting, and gentrification are all important sections of the APHG curriculum.
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Great NPR Fresh Air interview with Richard Rothstein a couple of months ago, on the occasion of this new book coming out.
A ‘Forgotten History’ Of How The U.S. Government Segregated America
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I’m currently reading “Parting the Waters: America in the King Years” by Taylor Branch and having much the same reaction as Diane describes. I knew a lot of this history but the details that I did not know are chilling.
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“Schools are segregated because neighborhoods are segregated.”
Neighborhoods are segregated because children are assigned to schools on the basis of where they live.
I agree that The Color of Law should be read by anyone with even a passing interest in education. Same goes for Crabgrass Frontier and American Apartheid. It is in the latter that readers will be reminded that on this issue “the government” is merely reflecting the desires of most whites, and it certainly isn’t something that’s limited to the Republican Party. For example, in word and deed New York City’s progressive mayor is a dyed-in-the-wool segregationist.
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Tim,
Rothstein’s book is a history that goes back a century. His point, which you missed, is that segregation did not occur by individual decisions but by government policy at the federal, state, and local levels.
I don’t think I could call Mayor de Blasio a segregationist. Remember, his wife is black.
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His point, which I understand completely, doesn’t fully connect how the government’s actions align with the preferences of white voters. A reading of the two other titles I suggested will make this connection crystal clear.
Bill de Blasio, who has unchecked control of the city’s schools, has taken only the most mincing, piecemeal steps toward integration because he believes the investments that white families have made to live in the zones of non- or minimally integrated schools like PS 321 are sacrosanct and must not be challenged. I can’t think of a better word than “segregationist” to describe someone who holds such views; can you?
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Rezoning is hard. Integration must be part of a larger strategy that involves more than schools.
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I can think of a better term than “segregationist” to describe Mayor de Blasio on this issue: politically realistic. Force the non-affluent Left (who can’t afford private schools) to send their kids to unsafe, chaotic public schools, and there will be a new adjective for those parents: Republican voters.
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So de Blasio isn’t a segregationist; he doesn’t challenge segregationists for political reasons even though he has the unchecked ability to do so.
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This mayor does not have “unchecked” power. That was Bloomberg. What did he do about segregation? Remind me.
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Just going to put this here for people’s perusal: http://ncase.me/polygons/ (Diane, I commend you for reading every comment, and for this one I’d also like to put special emphasis on your following this link. Thanks for everything you do.)
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Here is an interesting article from “The Hill”, about the fast track to integration.
http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/education/334608-school-choice-the-fastest-track-to-integration
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School choice always produces segregation, not integration. That is true wherever it has been tried.
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Do you some documentation, to back up that claim? The data I have been able to find, indicates that school choice enables more minority parents, to have the ability to enroll their children in a wider variety of schools, and school outside their neighborhood of residence. This mobility increases integration.
Can you prove otherwise?
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Yes, Charles, read Mercedes Schneider’s “School Choice.”
Read Gary Orfield on charters and desegregation.
Read OECD on segregating effects of choice.
The only time choice enhances desegregation is when the school has something like “controlled choice” where they set aside a specified percentage of seats for different racial groups.
I have just finished reading papers about heightened SES segregation in Chile after 30 years of choice. Will post the link for you.
George Wallace and other Southern governors wanted choice.
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“The primary exceptions to increased student stratification are in communities that are already so highly segregated by race, ethnicity, and income that further increases are virtually impossible . . .”
http://mobile.edweek.org/c.jsp?cid=25919951&bcid=25919951&rssid=25919941&item=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.edweek.org%2Fv1%2Few%2F%3Fuuid%3DE42783D2-B5C6-11E3-AECE-03A9B3743667
The idea that charter-going black and Latino children in New York, Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago, etc are being drawn away from integrated zoned district schools is unsupported. Where charters tend to worsen segregation is in suburban areas.
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I found this article:
https://www.thenation.com/article/our-schools-are-actually-re-segregating/
also
https://tcf.org/content/report/new-york-city-public-schools/
I am appalled that 77% of New York City school children are living in poverty. A disgrace.
The concept that school choice increases segregation is counter-intuitive. Here is my take:
When neighborhoods are not diverse, and segregated, primarily on economic factors, the neighborhood schools will reflect this segregation. Take it to an extreme: An all-white neighborhood, where all of the children attend the neighborhood school, will have an all-white school.
An all-black neighborhood, where all of the children attend the neighborhood school, will have an all-black school.
It should follow, that if parents are given the choice to send their children out of the neighborhood school, into a school in a neighborhood with a different ethnic character, the child will attend a school with a different ethnic character than the single-race neighborhood school.
Then it will follow, that school choice increases the ability of parents to select a public school, with a different ethnic character than the neighborhood school.
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Charles,
All middle schools and high schools in NYC are choice schools.
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The vast majority of NYC DOE middle school seats are zoned, even if there is a choice process. And there are still a handful of zoned HS.
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I know several people with children entering middle school in NYC. None has a zoned middle school.
Please name any remaining neighborhood high schools. What % of total are they? I don’t know any.
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There is a lot more to NYC than districts 2 and 15. In the vast majority of the city, students have a zoned middle school.
The big HS in eastern Queens — Francis Lewis, Bayside, Cardozo — are zoned. Midwood and Fort Hamilton in Brooklyn. And of course the District 2 high schools that are not technically zoned, but are off limits to anyone not living in D2.
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