Archives for category: Testing

This post appeared on EduShyster’s blog. It was written by the grandmother of a student enrolled in the North Star Charter School in Newark, New Jersey.

 

The child’s mother decided that the child should not take the state tests. That’s when the trouble began.

 

Her mother read about PARCC testing and decided that she didn’t want to put the child through that. She gets anxious over tests and she has nightmares after testing. From everything we’ve been following about PARCC in the news reports, these tests aren’t well designed, they don’t indicate much about the children’s progress and they’re being used to rate and assess the teachers and the schools. These tests also aren’t mandatory. Our question has always been: *What’s the benefit for the child?* We didn’t see any. She’s on her fourth school in three years and was just settling down and starting to get her grades together, and we’re not going to disrupt that for a week of testing that serves no clear purpose.

 

Our question has always been: *What’s the benefit for the child?* We didn’t see any.

 

At the end of February, her mother sent a letter to North Star letting them know that she was opting not to have the child take the test. That started such harassment! North Star would call and call and call. Sometimes they would call two and three times a day. They wanted us to change our minds about the child taking the PARCC test. They would tell us that she’s going to have to take standardized tests in high school and taking the test now would help her learn how to take these tests. They also argued that by not taking the test the child was letting down the North Star community, and that this was part of the responsibility to the school community that her mother agreed to when she signed the papers….

 

Testing starts on April 25th. I’m concerned about what North Star is going to do to my granddaughter during that week. I contacted Save Our Schools New Jersey because I wanted to know what happens if we keep my granddaughter out of school. The state says that the school can’t just make the kids sit and stare during the tests. Her brother is at a school for kids with special needs and the school is making all kinds of accommodations for kids who won’t be taking the tests. I also contacted the Charter Schools Association in Trenton and talked to someone who said she’d contact the school and find out what their plans are for kids who aren’t taking the test. When I heard back, I was told that there is no opt out.

 

I don’t trust the school. I have a feeling that if my granddaughter goes to school, they’ll either have her doing nothing or they’ll really push on her. At first our plan was to accompany her to school, to take turns just to keep an eye on things, but her mother has two other kids and I work nights. So we decided to keep her out of school that week. I’ll take her to New York to the museums. If she sits home and plays on the computer that’s OK by me too, as long as she’s not at school being pressured.

 

The child has taken up the cause. At first she was just relieved not to have to take the test. Now she’s in the fight with us. She’s all activist-minded at this point. When we asked her how she felt about telling her story to the newspaper, she said: “Absolutely. What if there are other kids who are being pushed around and being bullied like this and their parents don’t know how to stand up for them?”

In a hotly contested election for the State Senate seat of convicted Dean Skelos, Todd Kaminsky appears to be the winner by a slim margin. The absentee ballots are not yet counted, but if Kaminsky’s lead holds up, he will be a member of the State Senate. StudentsFirst poured nearly $1.5 million into defeating him and trying to elect the candidate from the Republican machine. This election should make clear that StudentsFirst can be beaten and that they are a front for the Republican Party.

 

Kaminsky’s victory is a victory for the leaders of the Long Island opt out movement, who strongly supported his candidacy and the legislation he proposed as a member of the Assembly. Kaminsky wants to decouple test scores from teacher evaluation, which would reduce the absurd pressure to raise test scores and the time lost by the arts and other subjects. Parents want their children to have a well-rounded education, not a test-prep curriculum.

 

The parents of Long Island have become a political force to be reckoned with, and a shining example for parents across the nation. Parents united can never be defeated. Not even by big money.

 

 

PARCC testing across the state of New Jersey was canceled due to a computer glitch. The state education commissioner said he was not responsible for the problem. He blamed it for Pearson. Actually, he is responsible for the problem. He made the decision to stick with PARCC, even those most of the original 24 states who signed on have abandoned PARCC. At last count, only six states and D.C. still use PARCC. Shame on the commissioner for ducking responsibility for a massive fail! Who will hold him accountable? How much instructional time will be wasted giving the tests twice?

 

 

New Jersey schools were forced to postpone PARCC testing in grades 3 through 11 Wednesday morning because of a technical error that prevented students from logging on to the computerized exams, state Education Commissioner David Hespe said.

 

The problem is with the testing platform provided by Pearson, the company that creates the exams, called the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) tests, Hespe said.

 

Hespe called the technical error “totally unacceptable” but did not provide specific details of what went wrong.

 

“This is not a problem on our end,” Hespe said. “This is a problem on Pearson’s end.”

 

 

Here is the regular report from FairTest, which follows and encourages reform of and resistance to standardized testing.

 

With stories from more than 20 states, this week’s news clips again demonstrate the growing reach, diversity, energy and effectiveness of the national assessment reform movement.

 

National Test Defenders Try to “Whitewash” Opt-Out Movement to Weaken Its Clout
http://thinkprogress.org/education/2016/04/11/3767723/forgotten-activists-opt-out/

 

 

Multiple States Technical Problems Plague Computerized Testing
https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/technical-glitches-plague-computer-based-standardized-tests-nationwide/2016/04/13/21178c7e-019c-11e6-9203-7b8670959b88_story.html
Multiple States FairTest Chronology of Computer Testing Foul-Ups
http://www.fairtest.org/computerized-testing-problems-chronology

 

 

Arizona Could Giving Fewer Tests Actually Help Students?
http://www.kvoa.com/story/31729906/could-fewer-tests-actually-help-tucson-students

 

 

California Schools’ Computers Cannot Handle Both Testing and Classroom Work
http://www.davisenterprise.com/local-news/schools-internet-cant-handle-both-testing-and-classroom-work/
California Boycott Common Core Testing
http://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article72127252.html

 

 

Colorado PARCC Tests Still Face Parental Pushback
http://fox21news.com/2016/04/12/parcc-testing-still-facing-push-back-from-parents/
Colorado Families Decide to Opt Out Despite District Pressure
http://gazette.com/colorado-school-testing-fight-stems-from-confusion-misinformation/article/1574122
Colorado School Testing Laws Hurting Education
http://www.denverpost.com/opinion/ci_29782555/colorados-school-testing-laws-are-harming-education

 

 

Connecticut Wrong to Use Student Test Scores in Teacher Evaluation
http://www.courant.com/opinion/letters/hc-wrong-to-use-test-in-teacher-evaluations-20160413-story.html

 

 

Florida Parents Push Back Against Standardized Tests
http://wfla.com/2016/04/12/manatee-county-parents-push-back-on-standardized-tests/
Florida Test-Based Teacher Bonuses Much More Common at Schools in Affluent Communities
http://www.orlandosentinel.com/features/education/os-best-teachers-florida-struggling-school-20160415-story.html

 

 

Georgia Opting Out Sends “Enough Is Enough” Message
http://onlineathens.com/opinion/2016-04-13/roberts-opt-children-out-standardized-testing
Georgia Why Opt Out of State Tests? Check All That Apply
http://m.connectsavannah.com/savannah/opting-out-of-the-gmas-check-all-that-apply/Content?oid=3397679
Georgia Grassroots Opt-Out Movement Continues to Grow
http://www.11alive.com/news/education/grassroots-movement-grows-for-kids-to-opt-out-of-standardized-testing/129672167

 

 

Illinois Opt-Out Movement Expands In Minority Neighborhoods
http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/cps-standardized-testing-rahm-emanuel-monique-redeaux-smith/Content?oid=21752797
Illinois Eight Reasons My Family Decided to Opt Out of Meaningless Testing
http://www.alternet.org/education/8-reasons-my-family-decided-opt-out-meaningless-high-stakes-testing

 

 

Indiana School Board Votes Not to Participate in Pilot Testing, “Our Kids Need a Break”
http://www.gcdailyworld.com/story/2294483.html

 

 

Kentucky Ed Commissions Wants New Accountability System That Does Not Rely on School Rankings
http://www.kentucky.com/news/local/education/article72370582.html

 

 

Maryland Baltimore Algebra Students Descend on School HQ to Protest PARCC Testing
http://www.wbaltv.com/education/city-students-protest-validity-of-parcc-testing/39050762
Maryland Legislature Votes to Reduce Kindergarten Testing Time
http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/state_edwatch/2016/04/Maryland_legislatures_reduce_test_time_for_kindergartners.html

 

 

Massachusetts Opt-Out Movement Begins to Grow
http://brookline.wickedlocal.com/article/20160414/NEWS/160417333

 

 

Minnesota State Education Commissioner Opposes Bill to Create Civics Exit Exam
http://www.willmarradio.com/news/minnesota-education-commissioner-opposes-civics-test-bill/article_4a564874-016e-11e6-97ea-0b7e52cbdcf8.html

 

 

New Jersey State Is One of Few Still Using PARCC Tests
http://www.nj.com/education/2016/03/which_other_states_are_using_parcc_tests_this_year.html

 

 

New Mexico The Evil Obsession With Standardized Testing
http://nmpolitics.net/index/2016/04/the-evil-obsession-with-educational-testing/
New Mexico Let Teachers Participate in Opt-Out Debate
http://www.palisadeshudson.com/2016/04/gagging-new-mexico-teachers/

 

 

New York 2016 Opt-Outs Similar to 2015’s High Level
http://www.pressconnects.com/story/news/local/new-york/2016/04/13/ny-opt-outs-appear-approach-2015-levels/83002402/
New York Opt-Out Pressure Forces Policy Flip-Flops By State Leaders
http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/04/13/leaders-in-ny-flip-flop-on-common-core.html
New York State Testing Continues to Promote a Flawed Process
http://www.timesunion.com/tuplus-opinion/article/New-state-testing-continues-to-promote-a-flawed-7244141.php

 

 

Ohio School Board Calls for Moratorium on Publication and Use of Test Data
http://mountvernonnews.com/story/2016/04/12/centerburg-wants-test-data-thrown-out/

 

 

Oklahoma Ed Secretary Praised Teacher-Led Rollback of Tulsa School Testing
http://www.tulsaworld.com/homepagelatest/new-u-s-secretary-of-education-touts-tulsa-public-schools/article_3198b9a8-f5aa-5b6d-863a-502a633bc92a.html

 

 

Oregon High-Stakes Testing Is “Junk Science”
http://registerguard.com/rg/opinion/34282620-78/high-stakes-testing-is-junk-science.html.csp

 

 

Pennsylvania Number of Area Children Opting Out Nearly Doubled This Year
http://www.timesonline.com/news/local_news/number-of-beaver-county-children-not-taking-pssas-nearly-doubled/article_638b7368-01bf-11e6-8510-bf3ad61cb16e.html

 

 

Tennessee Parents’ Petition Presses Governor to Cancel Second Part of Flawed Exam
http://tn.chalkbeat.org/2016/04/12/parents-to-tennessees-governor-stop-part-ii-of-tnready-testing/

 

 

Texas State Test Vendor Must Fix Computer Testing Problems
http://www.11alive.com/news/education/grassroots-movement-grows-for-kids-to-opt-out-of-standardized-testing/129672167

 

 

ACT/SAT What Do Test-Optional Admissions Really Look Like
http://www.ecampusnews.com/top-news/test-optional-admissions/
ACT/SAT UMass Lowell Offers No-Test Option for Applicants
http://umlconnector.com/2016/04/umass-lowell-offers-no-test-option-for-applicants/

 

 

A Field Guide to Dissecting Standardized Testing Advocates’ Arguments
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-greene/a-field-guide-to-standard_b_9724552.html

 

 

Off the Deep End: The Swim Test vs the Standardized Test
http://www.alternet.org/education/8-reasons-my-family-decided-opt-out-meaningless-high-stakes-testing

 

 

How Can More Testing Lead to More School Equity? It Can’t !
http://www.progressive.org/pss/how-can-more-testing-lead-more-school-equity-it-can%E2%80%99t

 

 

Teachers Talk Back Against Value-Added Evaluations
http://networkforpubliceducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/NPETeacherEvalReport.pdf

 

 

Assessing Our Children to Death
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-nelson/assessing-our-children-to_b_9708510.html

 

 

Bob Schaeffer, Public Education Director
FairTest: National Center for Fair & Open Testing
office- (239) 395-6773 fax- (239) 395-6779
mobile- (239) 699-0468
web- http://www.fairtest.org

This comment was posted a few days ago from a school principal in Texas who just earned his doctorate. He wonders what happened to the noble profession he entered.

 

 

I wanted to share some good news with you – I completed my dissertation in education and received my doctorate! It was the most stressful and rewarding experience of my life, and despite all the angst and anxiety, I survived intact!

 

However, the world of education has changed radically since I began my doctorate. Here in Texas, education is still not funded adequately or equitably. The school that I’m principal of just spent the last of our budget, and we know we don’t have enough supplies for the rest of the year. Costs went up, but the budget stayed the same. We’re still short 40 science books, because the district didn’t account for the growth our campus experienced this school year, but hey, science isn’t tested in the grade affected, so, and I’m not making this up, the book coordinator asked we could just photocopy 40 books. No wonder we don’t have enough paper to make the year!

 

More disturbing is the fact that state testing remains the gotcha that dooms teachers, administrators, schools and districts. Though some understanding the escalating standards are unsustainable, there are still enough pitfalls to trap educators. For instance, how special education students are assessed.

 

If you didn’t know, the state expects ALL students to test on grade level and meet the state expectations for students. In the past, testing for special needs students included accommodations and modifications to provide equity in the assessment for them. Now, they take the exact same test as all general education students, just online instead of accommodated.

 

I recognize the goal to measure every student the same, but it is unrealistic to expect special needs students to perform at the same level as general education students. Several of my colleagues and I liken this to expecting all students, both able bodies and differently-abled, to run the mile on the track at the high school. It’s not just or equitable to maintain a set standard for success in that case, but for the state assessment, we’re doing just that.

 

Of course, the ramifications of this expectation affects the schools and districts, not the students. In fact, the way the assessment rules have been amended, it is perfectly reasonable for a student to meet the required standards less than 50% of the time 3rd grade through high school, and still be promoted and even graduate. No, it’s how it impacts the schools and the districts. That is so demoralizing.
Since the state demands we get all students to grade level, if we don’t, we are considered Improvement Required (IR), or as I call your school sucks. The hoops you have to jump through are endless and pointless. And, since we are rated on an entirely new and unique population every year, it’s not like there’s a reasonable standard we can ever meet.

 

So, in four short weeks, the state will demand we test our students over standards that are constantly changing, on a test that has nothing to do with what we should be doing in our classrooms, to please bureaucrats who I believe are truly intent on destroying public education.

 

I once thought education was the most principled and noble profession, and I think it can be, and it should be. But, right now, I can only feel a target on my back.

HANY is High Achievement New York. It has mounted a very costly campaign to oppose the opt out movement and to support high-stakes testing and the Common Core.

 

Who is funding their expensive campaign to maintain the status quo?

 

Fortunately, blogger and former teacher Deb Escobar has done the research and provides the answers. This will come as no surprise to readers of this blog. HANY is funded by the Billionaire Boys Club.

 

Who is the Man Behind the Curtain? Why, it is Bill Gates!

 

But he is not alone.

 

The purpose of this post is to pull back the curtain and let you know who is funding this massive campaign that aims to fix our “broken” system. Because, you know, it’s all for the children. Let’s start with their coalition members, beginning with Arva Rice, President and CEO of the New York Urban League, who previously was affiliated with Paul Tudor Jones (yes the hedge fund guy) and his Robin Hood Foundation.

 

Then there is New York Campaign for Achievement Now (NYCAN), part of the larger 50-state education reform group. The funding stream for 50CAN includes Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Bush Foundation, JP Morgan Chase, and the Walton Foundation, among others. A veritable who’s-who of big money in the education reform game. The NY chapter adds more money from Gates, along with Bloomberg Philanthrophies, Kenneth M. Hirsch and William E. Simon.

 

Include Association for a Better New York, founded by real estate tycoon Bill Rudin. Their self-stated goal is to “promote neighborhood revitalization.” AKA gentrification. AKA keeping their fingers on the real estate prize in NY.

 

Coalition member Parents for Excellence in Bethlehem has bought the Common Core Gates funded spin. Co-President Kim Namkoong is a parent, also a mathematician and computer programmer. She is a face for the “How is My Kid Doing?” campaign that is funded by – you guessed it – the Council for a Strong America folks and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The Bethlehem Parents for Excellence has a lackluster website (a surprise considering Namkoong’s stated occupation) that does not list its donors. They advocate for common core and testing.

 

Membership includes reformy groups Educators4Excellence and StudentsFirstNY. Educators4Excellence, also funded by the Gates Foundation, is comprised of anti-union young teachers, many of whom are alumni of Teach For America. See ed blogger Jonathan Pelto’s research on the group here. StudentsFirstNY is that pro-charter, pro-voucher group that shares its physical address with New York Charter queen Eva Moskowitz’ organization. NYS Families for Excellent Schools also shares that same address and is a hedge-funded PAC for education reforms.

 

The corporate reformers are a cozy group. There are not many of them, but they have so much money that they pop up again and again, singing the same tired old song. Test your children (not mine); put your children in “no excuses” charters (not mine); testing will make everyone smarter; the harder the tests, the smarter everyone will be and the more the achievement gap will close.

 

Evidence has nothing to do with their campaign. They do what the Man (or Men) Behind the Curtain want them to do.

Julie Borst, a parent in New Jersey, reports that New Jersey administrators are going to absurd lengths to compel students to take the PARCC tests, no matter what their parents want. Why do the administrators engage in dictatorial and abusive actions to force these pointless tests on children? Why is their need so urgent? The tests provide no useful information to help children. They have no educational value. Their only function is to rate students and compare them to other students their age.

Borst says flat out: No. It is my child, not yours and not the state’s.

She writes:

 

 

“I’ve been watching in horror as the PARCC testing “season” began in New Jersey last week. I am unabashedly in the Opt Out corner. Oh, sorry, forgot, this is New Jersey, where we play word games. “Refuse” was the word of choice last year, as opting out is not “allowed.” This year “refusing” is getting kicked back to parents too. NJDOE has been in full spin mode for several months and we know the districts with the highest refusals rates from last year have caught an earful.

 

“First, though, let’s be crystal clear about something. When a parent opts out /refuses /insert your choice of it’s-never-going-to-happen here, they are NOT asking for anyone’s permission. They are very simply informing you of what they are choosing for their child. You are expected to respect that decision. End of story.

 

“Parents aren’t opting out because the test is hard. Amazingly, that insipid thought is still floating around and a “news” source published it (I refuse to link to the NYPost. Go Google that hot mess of “journalism” if you must.). They. We. I. Am doing it because public education has become a marketplace for the next best shiny, never-been-tested, device, curriculum, test, insert latest crap your local board of ed got suckered into buying…Chromebooks anyone? None of which has anything to do with educating our children.

 

“Leading up to the testing window, there were stories of stupid stuff…reward parties, bids for prom, getting out of taking the English final exam, the cheer on PARCC videos…demonstrating the level of desperate these people have sunk.

 

“Once the testing started, truly awful stories started pouring in, and continue to this week, about how districts were handling students whose parents refused PARCC. You really have to wonder what is going on inside the heads of these teachers, principals, superintendents, and county superintendents.

 

“I wonder if they have thought about the real damage done to the trust that any really good school must have with its students and parents. Listen carefully, hurting children is not going to get you that trust. You’re going to lose it immediately, and there will be nothing you can do to get it back.”

 

She then tells stories about how children were treated by administrators who decided they should be punished for opting out and sought to make them as uncomfortable as possible.

 

This will embolden parents to opt out in greater numbers next year.

Here is one of the dumbest ideas of the 24-hour news cycle. In education these days, there are many dumb ideas advanced on a daily basis, so it is hard to pick just one as the dumbest. But this is it.

 

Officials at the New York State Education Department are considering using SAT scores and the results of AP tests to evaluate high school teachers. 

 

Since these scores, like all standardized test scores, are highly correlated with family income, those who teach in affluent districts will get the highest ratings, and those who teach students who live in poverty will get low ratings.

 

But also, the idea violates the basic rule of testing: Tests should be used only for the purpose for which they were designed. Neither the SAT nor the AP exams were designed to evaluate teachers.

 

Will the new leadership of the New York Board of Regents let a runaway officialdom at the State Education Department to push through this harebrained proposal?

Ken Bernstein is a social studies teacher in the D.C. area who has received numerous awards for his dedicated service. He writes extensively and blogs regularly for The Daily Kos. He is a deeply thoughtful and intelligent person who is passionate about teaching and public service. In this post, he analyzes Hillary Clinton’s views on education and acknowledges that she is woefully out of touch. Although Chelsea Clinton attended public schools in Arkansas, she enrolled in Sidwell Friends when her father became president. That was a full decade before the advent of high-stakes testing introduced by No Child Left Behind. Thus, Clinton has no idea how testing has spun out of control and become the master of education, a giant tail wagging the dog.

 

Not only her remarks on testing ill-informed, but so are her remarks about Common Core. Clearly she has no idea why opposition to Common Core is bipartisan and why so many parents and teachers oppose it. It would not be hard to find out why, but her education advisors don’t seem to know or haven’t shared what they know. I wish I could sit down with her for half an hour, but I don’t know how to make that happen.

 

Most puzzling is her insistence that she would have her children or grandchildren take the tests. She must know that she is saying this on an interview on Long Island, where more than 50% of parents opted out. Did she think she would win hearts and minds by belittling the parents who refuse to subject their children to meaningless tests? They are meaningless for reasons I stated in a post a few days ago; they have no instructional value as teachers learn nothing about what children know and don’t know. All they get is a score and a ranking for each child. That is not diagnostic. What is the point of learning that your child “failed” to meet the standard, but no one knows why? Also, some savvy parents have been informed that the passing mark was set so high that 70% of the children are supposed to fail. What parent would find that acceptable?

 

Her affection for charters is as ill-informed as her affection for testing and accountability. How could she take the endorsement of the nation’s two largest teachers’ unions and at the same time praise non-union charters (more than 90% of charters are non-union)? The biggest funders of charters fund them because they are non-union. Will she, as president, continue to pour hundreds of millions of dollars into the expansion of non-union charters? Someone should ask these questions.

 

Ken writes:

 

If by now you have grasped that I am not happy with this part of the interview with Newsday, you are correct. Were education the only issue on which I decided who to support for the Presidency, I might have real reservations — provided there was a candidate who showed a deeper understanding. In fact this cycle there is not, in either party, of ANY of those who were ever in the race.

 

Further, on almost all of the other issues important to me, Hillary Clinton’s experience, understanding of government and international issues, makes her far superior to anyone else who sought the Presidency this cycle.

 

I knew I would not be completely happy with her approach to education at the time I decided to support her….

 

I hope that when she becomes President, as I believe she will, Hillary Clinton will make sure that she includes the voices of teachers in (a) who she picks for Secretary of Education, (b) how her administration shapes it educational policy.

 

I know from others how good a listener Hillary Clinton can be.

 

I hope very much that she will apply that skill set and listen to different voices on education, because what I read in this interview with the editorial board was disappointing.

 

 

 

 

If ever you needed a reminder that the corporate reform movement is led by the super-rich, not by public school parents or teachers, this is it. The rephormer group called “Education Reform Now” is throwing a poker party to support privatization by charter and testing for other people’s children. Doesn’t that sound like fun, and it is all for a cause that will damage public schools.

 

Jonathan Pelto writes about the poker party here.
“For $250,000 you can nab 10 seats at the poker tournament, 10 rebuys (a technique for expanding your winnings), 10 cocktail tickets for non-poker players and the honor of having not one, but two, “special guests” sit at your table. [Education Reform Now hires famous people, usually sports stars and actors, to attend the event and sit and play with the wealthy donors]

 

“For $100,000 you get the same benefits, but alas, the company of only one “special guest.”

 

“Other Sponsorship levels include a $50,000 package, a table of 10 poker seats for $20,000 or a single poker seat for $1,000.”

 

Pelto includes a short and valuable glossary of the leading players in corporate reform circles.

 

Peter Greene commented on the poker game here. He notes that one seat at the table is equivalent to five years of a typical teacher’s income. He has an interesting idea:

 

” Frankly, I like the idea of the Network for Public Education or BATs buying a table or two, then sitting there making rude comments about charter schools, common core, and testing all night. But I’m afraid that my exclusive tailor, Jean-Claude Pennee, could not whip up something appropriate in time. And I’m sure it takes a certain level of wealth to set up and participate in an event like this without feeling a twinge of shame or irony. On the website for the event we can find information like this:

 

 

*Mississippi’s average per pupil expenditure is $7,890 per year while New Jersey’s is $17,620, a disparity reflected across the nation. There is a ceiling, however, on what can be achieved through traditional approaches to resource re-allocation.*

 

 

“These are exactly the same people who declare that we have to get teacher pay under control and that you cannot improve public education by throwing money at it. Yes, throwing money at the education of children across America is a waste of money, money that could be spent on much more valuable and important things. But when the rich want to spend an evening throwing money at each other– well, that’s just good sense and great fun.”