Archives for category: Teachers and Teaching

A new report was released by The New Teacher Project, asserting that our schools were losing the very best teachers. They are the “irreplaceables.”

The report got the red treatment, with Secretary Duncan there to salute its findings. And it was funded by three billionaire foundations: Gates, Walton, John and Laura Arnold (big supporters of Michelle Rhee).

It seems that schools are losing their “best” teachers (the irreplaceables) and holding on to the ones who should have been fired.

Context helps. After Michelle Rhee left her brief teaching stint for TFA, she became an entrepreneur, as most good graduates of TFA do.

She created The New Teacher Project to find and place new teachers in urban districts where they are needed.

An altogether laudable idea, but in true TFA-style, having a good idea and making it happen is never enough.

It has to be the best idea in the universe. And the people who do it are the best ever. And those who don’t agree are awful people.

TNTP began issuing studies and reports to prove that their brand-new teachers were miles better than those jaded old veterans in the classroom. As time went by, there would be no doubt that the very best of all teachers was the one who had never taught before but came armed with enthusiasm and desire and a readiness to stop at nothing in the pursuit of higher test scores.

This is what Shanker Blog said about this latest report.  In three of the four districts in the report, the data are based on only one year of data. As we have seen in many  studies, one year of data is not reliable. The ratings are unstable. A teacher who somehow gets big score gains from her students in one year will not get them the next year; the teacher who look like a do-nothing this year is “irreplaceable” the next year.

Are there wonderful, outstanding, star teachers? Yes. Are there awful people who shouldn’t be there? Yes.

Is it necessary to turn all of American education upside down to root out the small number who are awful?

This is just one more useless salvo in the ongoing attempt to prove that America’s teachers are responsible for low test scores.

The current obsession with using test scores to find the best and fire the worst is wrong. Start with the fact that the tests weren’t designed for this purpose. Recognize that some excellent teachers don’t see huge gains year after year because they teach the gifted or the slowest or ELLs. Some very bad and uninspiring teachers can get score gains by doing endless drill and rote. And you have a formula that produces no improvement, just demoralization.

Someday these bad ideas will go away. Whenever it is, it won’t be a moment too soon.

 

Whenever I hear a corporate reformer complaining about teachers, I will think of Laura Recco of Cleveland. And it won’t be because of her students’ test scores. It will be because she was a brave and selfless woman who gave her life to save her children.

See here.

When I was interviewed on the Charlie Rose a while back, the interviewee who preceded me was the CEO of a major corporation in the high-tech sector. As I listened to him, I headed him say again and again, “We have to constantly re-invent ourselves. We re-invent ourselves every few years, or we die.”

I understand why that would be true in the fast-moving, ever-changing world of high technology.  If you don’t come up with new products, faster ways of doing things, new applications, new paradigms, etc., you are left behind, you lose, you disappear.

But this way of looking at the world and adapting to the moment is not right for every form of human endeavor.

Schools, like families and religious institutions, evolve to meet new social demands. None of these basic institutions look precisely as they did a century ago. We have new configurations of all of them. But none changes overnight. None reinvent themselves very 2-3 years. Basic human institutions require stability to function well. There must be a measure of predictability, not constant upheaval and churn.

Some people think that the unceasing changes in society promotes mental illness. I don’t know if that is true, but it sounds plausible. We are all under tremendous stress: economic, societal, environmental. We need solidity and stability in parts of our lives, not planned disruption and engineered chaos.

This teacher wrote a thoughtful comment about the need for stability.

An excellent school runs like a finely-tuned engine. There are literally hundreds of formal and informal procedures that make a school environment positive and efficient.  These procedures have been developed over time and what works in one building may not work in another, depending on such simple things as physical layout of the school, the number of staff available, the scheduling of things like lunch, recess and bathroom time, the scheduling of specials such as art, music and physical education (IF you have these), and the storage and access to teaching materials. It also depends on more complex items such as the positive behavioral intervention strategies that are used to ensure a positive learning environment in a school.  It is veteran teachers who know these finely tuned procedures.  You cannot write them down and hand them on a list to a teacher new to a school.  They have to be learned little by little with the help of experienced teachers.  Teachers are dependent upon each other.  Cooperation takes an understanding of these procedures and it takes personal knowledge and trust in other teachers. This takes time to develop and energy from both the new teacher and the veteran teachers. The higher the teacher turnover, the more energy and time spent learning, revising and teaching these procedural strategies.

One simple example from last year:  I was assigned a different classroom.  The change was from a relatively isolated room on the second floor to a room off the main entrance hall to the school.  As a teacher of students with cross categorical special education needs, I am in and out of my room often.  Many of the students need a learning space that has few distractions.  It took many extra hours and experimentation to develop a classroom layout that met the needs of the children and was also welcoming to parents and other visitors to the school.   I need my materials at my fingertips and my students need stability.  Each rearrangement of the classroom meant re-teaching procedures to students and some trial and error with materials placement.  Was educational time maximized last year?  No.  Was my stress level higher?  Yes.  Was my work load larger?  Yes.  Did it all work out OK?  Yes, because other teachers had my back, I knew all the other hundreds of small things that make this school run well, and I knew my students and they knew me.  This small change made a difference.  Imagine changing numerous teachers from school to school.  You don’t need research to answer the question of why high turnover decreases learning.  Just ask a veteran teacher.

A reader writes:

 

I have an editorial comic on my refrigerator with two panels, one labeled 1960 and the other 2010. In both panels a boy is bringing home a failing grade. In the first panel the parents yell at the boy. In the second panel they (as well the boy) yell at the teacher.

I have taught grades k through 9. The best combination for student success is a dedicated teacher, supportive parents, and a willing student. Once when teaching second-grade I had two struggling students whose abilities were at the exact same level. One set of parents was very involved, met with me, helped their child with homework, and expected their child to succeed. The second set of parents was not involved and seemed to have a negative attitude toward school. Guess which child was on grade level a couple of years later?

A reader responds to a post about Rollerball and Brave New World and what we learn from dystopian fiction.

It is useful, I find, to step away from informational text and to view a society that operates on totally different principles. We can do that to some extent by reading history, but the contrast becomes even sharper when you explore a fictional society through the eyes of a deeply insightful writer.

Sometimes we can learn more about society by reading fiction than by reading informational text, even sociology. This is why we read classics: They teach us about ourselves and our society. They are classics because they have stood the test of time. You read them, and they read you.

This reader understands that we live in a world today where there are forces out to destroy the basic educational values that he (and many of us) hold dear. He sees the anti-intellectual and anti-educational and anti-child policies proclaimed as “reform” and then praised by the media. He gives us much to think about, and he needs to be reminded that he is not alone.

I have written many reflections on these issues over the years, but have shared very few of them. It seems appropriate to share this one now though since I am not alone in my thoughts….sorry for the length- not sure how to put a doc in here.Parallels to DystopiaI was never a big science fiction fan, but Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 keeps creeping into my thoughts as of late. I read Bradbury’s classic as a teenager and was bothered by his futuristic society where books are outlawed and television has replaced independent thinking. People in this Bradburian society are numb to the basic human need to connect with each other, and blind to the beauty of nature. I remember thinking how unrealistic and ridiculous the plot was. I’m not so sure about that anymore.

The book’s main character is a fireman named Guy Montag, whose job is to burn the forbidden books when they are discovered. One day he responds to an alarm where he finds an old woman who would rather be burned alive with her beloved books than give them up. He wonders why, if books are so bad, she would be willing to sacrifice her life for them. His curiosity compels him to steal a book from her house. Unable to forget about the woman, he soon questions the value of his profession and his blind loyalty to the rules. Eventually, Montag becomes a hunted fugitive and finds refuge with a small group of people committed to saving the written word.

Lately I can’t help but wonder just how far we are from Bradbury’s dystopian society where free thought is not only discouraged, but actively suppressed. I still have the freedom to put these thoughts on paper, but I do so with the knowledge that asking questions and voicing dissent is considered by many to be troublesome. People rely on their televisions for information, unaware or indifferent to the fact that they are inundated with controlled messages in the form of mainstream news. The internet, despite its distortions, still offers us a means to seek the truth through research. Sadly, most people show little desire to delve deeper than the surface of an issue. They seem content to accept simplistic, unsubstantiated claims as gospel truth, suggesting that reality and fiction are closer than we believe.

As a teacher, I notice many parallels between Bradbury’s book and current education policies. I have watched the damaging waves of education reform surge forward like a tsunami, reforming nothing but destroying everything. Misguided solutions are sold to the public as vital to our economic survival, and the only way to fix a troubled education system. Concerned citizens are asked to trust and embrace these changes while the media dutifully reinforce the message. The reliability of both the data and the methods, wielded by policy makers with their own agendas, is rarely questioned. What’s even worse is, as the collateral damage to our most vulnerable children becomes increasingly apparent, it is ignored. There is no outrage from the citizenry, no demand for fairness and compassion. The only stirrings are the stifled protests of a few brave souls. Speaking out against authority has become a rebellious act of heresy.

As a result, I find myself questioning the value of what I do, much like Montag did. My students, surrounded by poverty, violence, neglect and other social ills, desperately need critical thinking skills. Their survival depends on their ability to question and challenge the circumstances that shape their living conditions in order to visualize a better world. They need to be creative problem solvers who understand the importance of their role in humanity. It’s my role to foster these skills.
Yet, my instruction is confined and controlled by inadequate curriculum and leadership. I fail to maximize their potential or properly equip them for the struggles ahead. Instead, I teach them to regurgitate evidence from a text to support their answer on an open response question. I teach them to find the “correct” answers, pre-determined by well-paid publishing companies, leaving little room for personal interpretation and creativity. I teach them to completely fill in bubbles, and to use the process of elimination on multiple choice questions. I teach the required skills and strategies, and I record all the data. At the end of the day, I am painfully aware of an emptiness created by the craving to inspire a thirst for knowledge and a passion for self-expression. I am left craving the autonomy to teach.

When I first realized that test prep was the guiding force behind every decision our schools were making, I did not remain silent. Naively, I believed I could join the professional organizations that influence policy and reason with them. I volunteered for dozens of committees and became involved in the local and state teachers’ union. I wrote letters, sent emails, spoke at public hearings, and met with elected officials in an attempt to educate those whose misguided views were destroying the profession I love. In the meantime, however, I did far too much of what I was told to do in my classroom, even though I knew I could, and should, give my students much more.

I tried to rationalize my compliance by saying I was following directives, much like Montag was told to burn books. But I am awake enough to know that what’s happening is morally wrong, and I have crossed the line where I can simply dismiss it as part of the job. My guilt over inaction heavily outweighs my fear of risk. So I find myself becoming increasingly vocal and resistant in an attempt to advocate for my students and my profession. Some of my colleagues wonder why I want to make waves by asking questions. They tell me we cannot change things. Others join me in my outrage. But most sit by silently and fearfully, waiting for someone to give them a voice.

Montag found refuge with the “book people” while he witnessed the demise of his whole world. Likewise, I need to connect with others who want to tell the truth about the loss of humanity and reason in our schools.

I don’t know if there is a happy ending to this story. Maybe someday we can build a new and better education system from the ruins that inevitably lay ahead. All I know is that I want to be a part of that.

Another teacher writes to say: You are not alone:

I remember raising the issue of ALEC and the new VAM procedure instituted by our district at a faculty meeting last year. Out of the 50+ people present only 3 came up to me and asked me for more information. The rest seemed to think I was a conspiracy theory nut. Most had no idea what I was talking about and challenged me with the perennial “this too will pass, like all empty-headed reforms. When I pointed out that NCLB had not passed on they were silent and walked away.

I thought that I would be safe discussing these issues in a professional manner and by backing my arguments up with detailed research. Now, I’m not so naive. After years of sitting on committees and being asked to participate in district initiatives I found myself suddenly isolated and passed over and I realized that by talking about the reforms and questioning their validity I had developed a reputation as a troublemaker. With people being let go right and left I understand the fear and reticence but I don’t understand the total passivity.

My biggest fear is that teachers will be caught completely unawares and when the firings start decimating our ranks it will be too late to do much of anything to challenge the system. I have been fascinated by how people whom I respect as professionals with good common sense have jumped on the bandwagon and become cheerleaders for reforms that are clearly designed to eliminate them altogether.

Keep up the good fight! Every one of us counts at this point and more than we know.

Readers of this blog are familiar with the continuing debate about two new “graduate schools of education,” created by charter schools to train charter school teachers. I put quote marks around the term for “graduate schools of education” inasmuch as I don’t see how anything can be called a graduate school that has no scholars, no curriculum, and no disputation.

Carol Burris received a copy of the training manual for the Match school from an anonymous student. In this post for Valerie Strauss’ Answer Sheet, Burris analyzes the program and the pedagogy. She seeks to answer the question: What are charter teachers taught in their custom graduate school?

Bruce Adams, a veteran teacher in Buffalo, New York, one of the poorest districts in the state, wrote these articles.

This one explores the Hollywood myth of the good teacher, the great teacher who takes students from basic math to advanced calculus in the course of a single year, implying that anyone could do it, if they are a great teacher.

This one shows how harmful is the practice of ranking schools from best-to-worst based on some external measure because it either reflects the socioeconomic status of the students and their family, or it encourages the worst educational practices in a futile effort to change the rankings.

The reason I call attention to these articles, aside from the fact that I liked them, is that I want to encourage other teachers to write in your local newspapers. The public needs to understand more about education and more about how schooling works and doesn’t work. You are the experts, and you must do your best to educate the public. Don’t sit back and complain when people are woefully misinformed. Inform them.

As you may recall, Mayor Rahm Emanuel in Chicago has demanded that teachers teach a longer school day without additional compensation.

For that and other reasons (including rising class size), the Chicago Teachers Union took a strong stand in opposition. It took a strike vote, and 98% of those voting gave their approval, which was unexpected and unprecedented. The CTU held a rally, and 10,000 members turned out.

Mayor Emanuel accepted a deal that met the CTU’s demands. Its members will not have to work longer hours without pay. The school day will be extended, as he wants, and the teachers who provide the extra time will be selected from the pool of veteran teachers who were laid off.

This was a stunning victory for the CTU. It shows what happens when a union is resolute and united, and its demands are just.

Here is the CTU press release, which is the only information available at this time:

CPS STEPS BACK FROM LONGEST SCHOOL DAY; A VICTORY FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS
INTERIM AGREEMENT MINIMIZES LONGER TEACHER WORK DAY,  STAFFS LONGER STUDENT DAY THROUGH NEW HIRES,                                 GUARANTEES NEW JOBS TO DISPLACED TEACHERS
CHICAGO – The Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) bargaining committee today accepted an interim agreement that many thought impossible:  The Chicago Public Schools (CPS) has finally backed off the unworkable seven-hour 40 minute teacher work day and instead will make only modest increases in the length of teacher work days.  CPS thus reverses its publicly-announced policy that the CTU has consistently criticized as bad for both students and teachers.  CPS will staff the longer student day by hiring nearly 500 new teaching positions, and it has finally agreed to recall rights for teachers.  Tenured teachers displaced in 2010, 2011 and 2012 will constitute the pool from which principals must hire the new teachers.
“This is movement in the right direction, but this does not settle the outstanding and mandatory issues in the contract,” said Lewis. “It is too bad this solution—which was actually presented months ago—was rejected out of hand.  It has taken a march of nearly 10,000 educators, a strike authorization vote and a fact-finder’s report to get CPS to move on this issue. This is yet another example of the CTU’s determination and dedication to fighting for solutions that will strengthen our schools.”
Length of the School and Work Day is a permissive subject of bargaining under the Educational Labor Relations Act, and CPS previously announced that it was increasing the length of both elementary and high school work days to seven hours and 40 minutes without bargaining with the Union.  But CTU unity and determination has cause CPS to rethink its position, and the new agreement scales these times back significantly, while restoring work opportunities to displaced teachers.
The new schedules will be implemented with the start of the Track E school year, so that no disruption will occur to students or teachers as a result of ongoing contract negotiations.  It is expected that the new hiring will include many recently-neglected areas of instruction, including art, language, library science and physical education, thus achieving a CTU goal of a better school day, not just a longer school day.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Under the agreement, teacher work days will be 420 minutes (7 hours), which will include a 45-minute duty-free lunch during the day, which is the same length of day for schools that currently have an open campus.  Instructional minutes will be capped at 296 per day, which is no more than was allowed under the expired contract.  Average daily preparation time will be increased from 62 minutes to 64 minutes.  Student days will also be 420 minutes.
Since the student day will be longer CPS has also agreed to hire about 750 new teachers to cover the extra periods, including 477.5 new positions that will be filled under the Interim Agreement.  CPS has finally agreed that any tenured teacher displaced in 2010 or after can apply for an open position, and as long as at least 3 qualified applicants apply for a position the principal must hire a displaced teacher and cannot hire off the street.  Similar to the current process under Appendix H, the principal may elect not to retain the teacher after the semester is completed, but if so, the principal must hire the replacement out of the same pool of displaced teachers.  Any teacher retained beyond the semester becomes a permanent appointment.
A summary of the old school day (open campus), CPS announced Full School Day, and the settled day are shown below:
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Components of Teacher Day
Current Default
(open campus)
Announced
Full School Day
Interim
Agreement
Instructional Minutes
296
315
296
Morning Preparation
30
25
0
Midday Preparation
32
60
64
Duty-Free Lunch
45
45
45
Supervision
17
15
15
Total On Site
Work Time
420
460
420
 
HIGH SCHOOLS
Under the Interim Agreement, high school teacher work days will be increased 14 minutes, from 421 minutes to 435, but instructional minutes will be increased by no more than 7 minutes, from 244 to a maximum of 251.  Average daily preparation time will be increased up to 10 minutes, to a maximum of 102 minutes, depending on class length.  Critically, CPS has also agreed that no teacher will be required to teach a sixth class, as many teachers would have been compelled to do under the original CPS plan, unless that teacher receives additional compensation as required under the expired contract.  Student days will be 435 minutes on average per week.
A summary of the old school day, CPS announced Full School Day, and the settled day are shown below:
HIGH SCHOOLS
Components of Teacher Day
Current Schedule
 
Announced
Full School Day
(regular day)
Interim
Agreement
Instructional Minutes
244
Up to 276
248 to 251
 
Morning Preparation
0
10
0
Midday Preparation
92
92
92 to 102
Duty-Free Lunch
46
46
46 to 51
Passing Periods
38
36
up to 36
Total On Site
Work Time
421
460
435
 
CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS CONTINUE
Though this Interim Agreement is significant, it does not settle many important issues that remain the subject of ongoing negotiations and discussions.  
For example, the Agreement does not settle the length of the school year, and it does not settle teacher compensation.  The Chicago Teachers Union and the Board of Education remain far apart on compensation issues, and this agreement does not change the timeline for CTU to exercise its full rights in contract negotiations.
“This Interim Agreement would not have been possible had we not shown our discipline and determination to be treated with respect,” said Lewis. “We are making real progress but we must keep up the pressure for a fair contract.”
###
 
The Chicago Teachers Union represents 30,000 teachers and educational support personnel working in the Chicago Public Schools, and by extension, the more than 400,000 students and families they serve.  The CTU is an affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers and the Illinois Federation of Teachers and is the third largest teachers local in the United States and the largest local union in Illinois.  For more information please visit CTU’s website at www.ctunet.com
 

I asked a question about the value of online learning, and this teacher responded somewhat off-topic. But what he says raises an interesting question. Are public officials and their cascade of programs making it impossible for teachers to teach? Are they destroying the last vestiges of professional autonomy? Do they talk “respect” but act top-down? Why won’t they let teachers teach? What do they expect to accomplish by their constant interference?

This teacher wrote:

Well, as part of Reading First, all the K-3 classroom/reading/special education teachers and assistants in my school had to complete all the online modules in the New York State Reading Academy.  Why, it worked so well that the following year New York State made us complete all the online modules of Voyager: Reading for Understanding.  Of course, after studying a topic online we had opportunities to try things out with our students and then meet to reflect and discuss everything in study groups.  Since then, we’ve made AYP every year and always managed to stay off the SINI list, so I guess you could say it was successful, but that was under NCLB where at least everything was clearly defined.  Now, with APPR, CCSS, RTTT and waivers, everything seems to be about as clear as mud and we’re all sort of stumbling along trying to figure out just what it is that the powers that be actually do want.  Consensus opinion is that there really isn’t much of a plan, that they’re winging it and making it up as they go along, and that seems to be validated by the constant updates and questionable quality of the materials and guidance offered by NYSED through the EngageNY website.  When I was in the private sector, we called this “discovery based learning,” which meant just keep trying until you finally figure out what the boss wants.  How well you can learn from any course, online or otherwise, would have to start with the quality of the course design.

A reader in Wisconsin has an excellent suggestion. What do teachers do best? They educate. Time to educate your legislators:

I just passed this information along to my state representative here in Wisconsin.  She’s a Republican who leans to the choice, accountability, measuring aspects of school…not to mention voted to end collective bargaining with Scott Walker’s Act 10.  Instead of writing her off as the enemy, I’ve instead developed a working relationship with her where we’ve exchanged ideas and she is working with me to try to bring about some change in Wisconsin’s education reform movement which is pretty typical of the reform movement in other parts of the country.  I would highly recommend to the readers of your blog to do the same, especially if their state legislators are advocates of the Neo-Reform movement.  After all we are teachers, and it is the difficult ones that we should be trying the hardest to reach and to help them discover for themselves knowledge and enlightenment.   Also, I recently gave her a copy of the “Death and LIfe of the Great American School System” and assigned homework to read pages 1-14 in one week (2 pages per day).  Also, I told her there would be an assessment.  I’m going to let her choose between a multiple choice test I will offer to design that will require her to recall facts, information, dates, names, policies, etc…or an assessment we will make together consisting of dialogue, maybe answers to questions we ask of one another, perhaps questions to which we have no answers but lead to other questions, etc,,,you know, the good stuff.  If anyone is interested, I’ll keep you posted through this blog if that’s OK with you Dr. Ravitch.  LIkewise I’d like to hear if anyone tries out my suggestion.