Archives for the month of: March, 2015

Can you believe this? A reader of Peter Greene’s blog pointed him to New Mexico’s administrative code.

 

Section 6.10.7.11 of the NMAC deals with staff responsibilities regarding testing, and it includes a list of “prohibitive practices”– things that staff are forbidden to do. At the end of the list, that it shall be prohibitive practice for the staff member

disparage or diminish the significance, importance or use of the standardized tests.

 

This is ridiculous. Imagine if a class read chapter 4 in my book Left Back: A Century of Battles Over School Reform. They would learn about the history of standardized testing, about the flaws of I.Q. testing, about the eugenics movement, about the origins of the SAT. This would start a great debate about how students should be tested. But part of the discussion might lead some students to disparage the standardized tests and to question their significance, importance, use, and misuse.

 

But this discussion is prohibited. So which takes precedence: The First Amendment to the Constitution or the New Mexico Administrative Code. I wonder if any other states have similar gag rules for discussions of standardized testing.

Ohio seems to have an amazing number of district superintendents with integrity, unafraid to speak up. Superintendent Steve Kramer of the Madeira City schools wrote an open letter to the state superintendent Richard Ross, describing the unnecessary burden of testing.

For standing up for students, I name Steve Kramer to the honor roll.

He writes:

Dr. Richard Ross, Superintendent Ohio Department of Education
25 South Front Street
Columbus, OH 43215-4183

Dear Dr. Ross:

This week the Madeira City School District joined districts across the state and nation in implementing the new PARCC and AIR state-mandated testing. After witnessing the monumental amount of time and resources our faculty, staff and administrators have spent in preparing for, and now executing these tests, I am profoundly concerned that they are neither relevant nor important to the high quality instruction Madeira City Schools has been proud to provide for over 80 years.

State and federal legislation regarding high stakes testing has been enacted with little or no regard to best educational practice. Public school districts have been given no option but to administer the tests as mandated by law. And yet, many of our parents are now seeing first hand the amount of time that these tests are taking and questioning the overall value of their results. I would tend to agree with them.

The Madeira City Schools Board of Education and I have discussed these concerns at great length. While everyone can agree that school districts should have some measure of accountability to its taxpayers, I would argue that when those measures impact an organization’s ability to accomplish its core mission, assessment in the name of accountability has gone too far. This is certainly the case in our K-12 public schools. I urge you as an educational leader in this state to advocate for reducing the amount of state mandated testing and demand a more common sense approach that balances the needs of what we know about our students with how they learn. In Madeira, we are about kids and high quality teaching and learning, not testing.

Three clear recommendations have been talked about amongst my colleagues that I would like you to consider:

1. Continue to review the state mandated test schedule and advocate for reducing the amount of testing to one content area per grade level, per school year, starting no sooner than the third grade.

2. In your review of testing, stay focused on the state mandated tests and not on limiting the amount of diagnostic or meaningful formative assessments that actually help teachers in guiding instruction. The survey you
recently sent out neglected to focus on the state mandated tests.

3. As more mandates are discussed and debated amongst the politicians in Columbus, I urge you to support your
colleagues in the field and stand up for public education and against the misguided policies of lawmakers. Insist that lawmakers and the Ohio Department of Education involve local school leaders on any educational changes PRIOR to implementing new laws. The students of Ohio demand nothing less from the state superintendent of public instruction. Students and valuable instructional time are at risk when we chase practices that are not research-based or for that matter, are contrary to what educational research would say is effective.

I have been meeting the past few months with area superintendents and board members from southwest Ohio about how we can work together to effect change and return local control back to our communities. To that end, parents and community members of Madeira will be asked to join me in sharing their views with our elected officials on state and federally mandated testing as well as other significant issues related to our loss of local control.

Sincerely,

Steve Kramer Superintendent Madeira City Schools

cc:
Senator Bill Seitz
Representative Jonathan Dever
Ohio School Board Representative Pat Bruns, District 4

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According to the Cherry Creek News, Colorado parents are trying to beat back another high-stakes testing bill by State Senator Michael Johnston. This one is aimed at kindergarten children. They would be required to pass a reading test or take remedial instruction.

Maybe kindergarten kids will stage protests or their parents will.

The last education reform bill by Johnston made test scores 50% of every teacher’s evaluation. He called it “Great Schools, Great Teachers,” all accomplished by the magic of standardized tests. That was 2010. How did that work out?

Richard K. Munro, a veteran high school teacher in California, posted an interesting comment about the uses, abuses, and misuses of standardized tests:

 

“A highly qualified teacher knows his or her subject material. He or she also knows what works with students and what units are very difficult for students (Industrial Revolution/ Russian Revolution, “Cold” War; or in English conventions of grammar or literary devices). Putting too much emphasis on “the scantron God” (standardized testing) takes away from the teacher’s class and eventually makes his or her grades meaningless. If the grades become meaningless then classroom motivation and discipline decay too. If all the emphasis is “accountability” the temptation for administrators or teachers to cheat or let the students teach is enormous.

 

“We have an APEX program on the computer so students can make up credits. I only know the program indirectly from students and from subbing occasionally in that room. I find it amazing that students who are completely incompetent can pass all their APEX tests in just weeks and get credits for a Semester or Two Semester class. But then who is really taking the tests? Students tell me there is a black market business to log in with someone else’s ID and take the test. The time to do this is when the classroom teacher is absent. The teacher of record knows the students and has a special screen to watch log in and monitor each screen from his or her desk. But substitutes do not have access to that screen and cannot monitor (easily) log ins. All they can see is students are “on task” taking the test. If there is a way to cheat (using cell phones to take pictures of a good student’s screens or test papers) or having someone else log in for you using your password it will be done. Belief in mass testing like this is scientism. Mass testing is merely a dip stick. Ask any classroom teacher who has graded A VARIETY of assignments (maps, essays, charts, short answer etc.) and that teacher will know more correctly the academic level of student than a scantron test alone. And more importantly that teacher will know what remediation the student needs.

 

“I find mass testing an important piece of information to VERIFY and CLARIFY what I already know -the student has low reading ability or the student cannot do basic arithmetic or does not know literary devices or has poor grammar or punctuation skills. But once that information is shared it is up to the teacher to motivate and instruct the student. And yes, the student has to be willing. I had an Asian student who is a senior. He was DESPERATE to pass his English exit exam. He asked if he could study with me after school and during lunch for SIX WEEKS prior to the exit exam. In addition he attended Saturday sessions with other teachers. The result? He improved his CAHSEE (exit exam) score not 5 points or 10 but 39 points easily passing the exam (350 is passing and ALMOST scoring “proficient at grade level” 378 -380 is proficient). I don’t need to add he improved more than any other of his peers. One could put students in two categories : 1) those with almost 100% attendance and who also came for extra tutoring whenever they could 2) those with poor attendance -long tardies and 20% or more absenteeism who NEVER came for tutoring and who only occasionally completed class assignments. Most in the second category (not all) failed. Those who passed showed very little improvement and most passed by one 1 point or more.

 

“BEWARE OF THE SCANTRON GOD. BEWARE of COMMON CORE COMPUTER TESTS as a panacea. At best they are an imperfect dipstick. Such tests should inform classroom teachers. They should not drive graduation rates or have anything to do with school rankings or school sanctions. Quizzes and tests should be used only as review exercises to help students learn and to help them identify their deficiencies. The real test, as my old DI said, is the battlefield. The real test as I tell my students…is life itself. Learn as if your life and career depended on it. Because it does.”

A few weeks ago, someone challenged Mercedes Schneider to come clean about who was paying her to write her blogs, and she did. No one.

 

Then a few days ago, an assistant professor of economics at the University of Arkansas said in a catty tone on a Facebook page that if anyone were to dig deep enough, they would see that Mercedes is funded by union money.

 

That got Mercedes ticked off, so she wrote a response.

 

The exchange was picked up by Max Brantley, the blogger in Little Rock who fearlessly challenges the Waltons’ financial purchase of almost everything in Arkansas except him. The comments on his post are very funny. The Waltons may be buying the state but they are purchasing a whole lot of unhappy folks.

A high school principal sent the Grit Scale that is used in KIPP charter schools and possibly in other schools as well to measure whether students have “grit” and how much of it they have. The idea of “grit” was popularized by Paul Tough in his best-selling book “How Children Succeed.” The commonsense idea that is summarized as a four-letter word is that character, perseverance, and determination enable children even in the most difficult of circumstances to overcome obstacles and succeed. Who would disagree? But the question I have after reading this scale is whether it actually measures the qualities it says it measures, and whether those qualities can be taught in school. Is saying that one has perseverance the same as persevering? I don’t know. What do you think? I am reminded of the self-esteem craze of about 20 years ago, when California actually created a task force to study how to teach self-esteem; the bubble was burst (I think) by scholars who said that the typical measures of self-esteem might identify a bully, whose ego was so inflated that he became aggressive when anyone challenged him. I am not saying that character cannot be taught, but that in my experience it is taught best by a combination of modeling, expectations, and behavioral guidelines of family, school, religious institutions, and other environments in which children live. What do the adults do? What do they admire? What do they expect?

 

 

Grit Scale

 

Directions for taking the Grit Scale: Please respond to the following 17 items. Be honest – there are no right or wrong answers!

1. I aim to be the best in the world at what I do.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

2. I have overcome setbacks to conquer an important challenge.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

3. New ideas and projects sometimes distract me from previous ones.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

4. I am ambitious.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

5. My interests change from year to year.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

6. Setbacks don’t discourage me.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

7. I have been obsessed with a certain idea or project for a short time but later lost interest.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

8. I am a hard worker.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

9. I often set a goal but later choose to pursue a different one.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

10. I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to
complete.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

11. I finish whatever I begin.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

12. Achieving something of lasting importance is the highest goal in life.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

13. I think achievement is overrated.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

14. I have achieved a goal that took years of work.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

15. I am driven to succeed.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

16. I become interested in new pursuits every few months.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

17. I am diligent.

  • 􏰀 Very much like me
  • 􏰀 Mostly like me
  • 􏰀 Somewhat like me
  • 􏰀 Not much like me
  • 􏰀 Not like me at all

Directions for scoring the Grit Scale

For questions 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 17, assign the following points: 5 = Very much like me

4 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
2 = Not much at all like me 1 = Not like me at all

For questions 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, and 16, assign the following points: 1 = Very much like me

2 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
4 = Not much at all like me 5 = Not like me at all

Grit is calculated as the average score for items 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, and 17. The Consistency of Interest subscale is calculated as the average score for items 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 16. The Perseverance of Effort subscale is calculated as the average score for items 2, 6, 8, 11, 14, and 17.

The Brief Grit Scale score is calculated as the average score for items 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 17. Ambition is calculated as the average score for items 1, 4, 12, 13, and 15.

Grit Scale citation

Duckworth, A.L, & Quinn, P.D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit- S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 166-174. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/Duckworth%20and%20Quinn.pdf

Duckworth, A.L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M.D., & Kelly, D.R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 1087-1101.

Nancie Atwell, a teacher of literacy in Maine, won the Varkey Foundation’s $1 million prize as the Global Teacher of the Year. This is like the Nobel prize of teaching. She was interviewed on CNN about teaching, and she talked about encouraging children to read and write, following their interests and passions. She is donating the $1 million to her school, which needs a new furnace and other improvements. When one of the interviewers asked her what she would tell a young person interested in teaching, she said she would tell them to go into the private sector, not into public school teaching. The interviewers were taken aback. Atwell explained that the Common Core and the testing that goes with it had turned teachers into “technicians,” making it hard for them to teach the best they knew how. She would urge them to find an independent school where there is no Common Core and no state testing.

 

Please forward this interview to your legislators, your governor, and especially to Arne Duncan.

Great  news! Max Brantley reports that the bill to privatize the Little Rock School District was withdrawn and will not be introduced again in this session of the Arkansas legislature.  The lobbyists pushing the bill were all connected to the powerful multi-billionaire Walton family, and many people thought their victory was a foregone conclusion. (See this post and this post for details.)

 

Brantley writes:

 

The rally in opposition to the bill at the Capitol tonight turned into a victory party.

 

Here’s Ross’ take on the decision:”We hear there was pressure from the Walton family who are tired of the bad press.”

 

Indeed. And it will be complicated when plaintiffs in the lawsuit over the state’s takeover of the district — which would provided a speedway to privatization under the proposed law — begin questioning subpoenaed witnesses about their ties to the Waltons and others that have invested big money in wanting to see the district heavily charterized.

 

The public outcry was vital in this defeat, if Cozart can be trusted. I suspect even more vital was the entry of the PTA, the School Boards Association and, particularly, the school superintendents, in the fight. What was about to happen to Little Rock could happen to anyone — a loss of school boards, an expropriation of local property tax millage, the required surrender of facilities for no charge.

 

There are important lessons to be learned here. The Waltons apparently got “tired of the bad press.” Public outcry was vital. The supporters of public education rallied. The public interest beat the Waltons. Don’t forget those lessons!

Fred Smith, a testing expert who worked for the NYC Board of Education for many years, poses an interesting question: why were three test questions quietly removed from the Pearson tests?

He writes:

“One wonders why SED [New York State Education Department] might have killed the item. Might there be no answer? Could there be more than one correct answer? Perhaps, a higher percentage of students selected one or two confusing distractors than chose the answer SED deemed to be right? Maybe the item is biased against a certain group of students. Any of the above would give it a failing grade.”

And he raises other questions:

“So, students, what do we draw from these revelations?

A) Clearly items that Pearson claimed were vetted by review panels and experts were unrefined and no better than field test items that somehow passed muster only to flop in prime time.

B) SED’s dirty secret is out of the bag: Its performance-defining cutoff scores are set after tests are given—in this case, after the raw score distribution had been studied and truncated.

C) SED plays fast and loose with data at its disposal, withholding information from the public that paid for it.

D) Efforts to classify students and evaluate teachers that rest on such shaky grounds are indefensible and unsustainable.

E) All of the above.

“E” certainly seems like the smart choice. But we can’t know for sure until an outside investigation is conducted into how SED and Pearson have run the testing program. Parents should hold their children out of all statewide tests until SED comes clean by providing complete and timely item analysis data and is able to demonstrate that the test results are relevant to the purposes they are being bent to serve—in other words, until there are meaningful alternative assessment programs in place.

“Transparency in all matters concerning educational testing is a moral imperative. We must demand passage of revised Truth-in-Testing legislation, opening the testing process to sunshine and scrutiny, restoring its balance and something immeasurable—a level of trust in educational leadership that’s been missing too long.”

* * * *

* * * *

Fred Smith, a testing specialist and consultant, was an administrative analyst for the New York City public schools. He’s a member of Change the Stakes, a parent advocacy group.

Chicago’s superintendent of schools Barbara Byrd-Bennett wanted to delay PARCC testing. She knew the students and teachers were not ready. She proposed testing only 10% of students. The state of Illinois said it would lose $1.1 billion in federal funding if Chicago failed to participate.

Last week, Secretary Duncan was in Chicago. When asked why he threatened to cut off federal funding, he denied it.

When he arrived at a school, his driver took a wrong turn, and Duncan got out of the car and was swarmed by angry parents protesting the testing.

“Once safely inside the school, Duncan was asked about the protest outside.

“Why is his U.S. Department of Education forcing a controversial standardized test — one many parents don’t want and that Mayor Rahm Emanuel has argued is “not ready” for prime time — down the throats Chicago Public Schools?

“I’m not,” Duncan said. “The state works it out without Chicago. . . . That’s the state’s decision.”

“But isn’t the mandate being dictated by the federal government? Isn’t that what’s behind the threat to withhold $1 billion in funding that forced Chicago’s hand?

“No. You’re wrong. . . . You’re making stuff up. You don’t have your facts straight,” Duncan said.

“The secretary was asked about the parental animosity stemming from the PARCC test and the resulting protest that forced him to go through the gantlet of protesters to get into Ariel Community Academy, 1119 E. 46th Street.

““I welcome the conversation. It’s good. . . . It’s a healthy conversation to have,” he said.

“But he said, “It’s important to assess kids annually. . . . Millions of kids around the country are taking the test. We’re fine.”

“With that, a press aide to Duncan stepped in and ended the interview.”