Civil rights attorney Wendy Lecker calls out the charter sector of Connecticut for its unabashed practice of racial segregation.
A new report from Connecticut Voices for Children finds that charter schools are hyper segregated and that they exclude children with disabilities and English language learners.
Don’t expect the State Commissioner of Connecticut to care: he was co-founder of one of the state’s most segregated charter chains.
Charter founders think they are advancing civil rights by creating segregated schools but that turns history on its head, Lecker writes:
“As the Voices report notes, the practices engaged in by charter schools and condoned by the state reveal a troubling approach to choice. For them, choice is about advancing the individual interests of families, rather than any broad community wide educational goals; such as desegregation. The authors found that when individual interests are the goal of choice, then choice policies undermine the goal of equitable educational opportunity for all students.
“The idea of equity for all was the driving force behind the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King Jr. declared that “I am never what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be.”Lyndon Johnson’s motto was “doing the greatest good for the greatest number.”
“The principles of communal good underpinned Connecticut’s commitment to school integration. Connecticut’s Supreme Court deemed that having children of different backgrounds learn together is vital “to gain the understanding and mutual respect necessary for the cohesion of our society.” The late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall maintained: “Unless our children learn together, there is little hope that our people will learn to live together.”
The charters have a peculiar idea of civil rights, one that does not reflect the views of Dr. King or Justice Marshall:
“Choice as practiced by charter schools perverts the notion of integration. In its annual report, under the goal of reducing racial isolation and increasing racial and ethnic diversity, Achievement First Bridgeport wrote that the school’s “African-American, Hispanic and low-income students will outperform African-American, Hispanic and low-income students in their host district and state-wide, reducing racial, ethnic and economic isolation among these historically underserved subgroups.”
“Achievement First defines integration as children of color getting better standardized test scores. Justice Marshall must be spinning in his grave.”
In the eyes of charter leaders, higher test scores–achieved by pushing out o excluding low-performing students–trumps integration.

I have not ceased to find it stunning that the state commissioner of education, Pryor, is a charter chain founder (with no other educational experience or credentials), and that this obvious conflict of interest and henhouse foxery is acceptable, let alone legal.
LikeLike
Given the high degree of SES and racial segregation in housing, it seems to me that having neighborhood schools “perverts the notion of integration”.
LikeLike
The main objection is to charter schools, not to segregation. If you made a list of reasons why schools are so segregated, charter schools would be one of many, and quite low on the list. Here, segregation is just a bullet point on a list of reasons why charter schools are bad.
LikeLike
But surely we must take the reasons people give for objecting to charter schools seriously?
Given the context of this blog, I take this post to be implicitly endorsing neighborhood schools as the alternative to choice schools. If segregation is a bullet point on the list of reasons why both approaches to school admission are bad, it seems to me segregation can not be a reason to support one over the other.
LikeLike
I think the assertion is that segregation is even higher at charter schools than at public schools. That could be a reason to oppose the continued growth of charters, although just one of many reasons or bullet points. But yes, it is difficult to imagine a list of reasons why the neighborhood school system is good that includes “Neighborhood schools are somewhat less intensely segregated than charter schools.”
LikeLike
In my town, the charters with high #s of white middle class students do not offer free lunch or buses. There are no public schools in my town that reflect the demographics of these charters. These families left schools with a much more diverse student population to attend less diverse charters. As a result, there has been a demographic change in some neighborhood schools. Parents drive further for their charter of choice and do not consider a charter closer to their home with a high % of minority students (and this charter outperforms their own school – of course this is when they claim test scores don’t matter).
These charters are in areas very close to where minorities live so the segregation is not caused by racially segregated neighborhoods.
LikeLike
It is interesting how this is so local. Your concern is that charter schools do not enroll enough minority students. In New York City the concern is that charter schools enroll too many minority students.
LikeLike
TE,
My concern is that the demographics of charters and public schools are very different in my town. My concern is that schools in my town that were more diverse as less so now because of charters that do not offer free lunch and buses. My concern is that if people claim they are choosing charters because they are better and use test scores to validate their claims, still will not choose a high performing charter close to their home because ?????
LikeLike
Certainly Connecticut, where for decades at least 90% of the state’s minority population has been confined to roughly 12 cities and towns, would be an integrated paradise if it weren’t for those pesky charter schools!
Lecker’s piece doesn’t mention Connecticut’s residential hypersegregation, of course, or the role that traditional zoned school districts play in perpetuating it, so it’s difficult to take it seriously. Since she wasn’t up for the task, any posters here want to offer suggestions for devising meaningful strategies to remedy residential and education segregation? Obsessing over the tiny impact that charter schools have on the problem doesn’t count.
LikeLike
A good first step would be to take a long hard look at zoning laws.
LikeLike
Perhaps the concern is what is happening within those 12 cities and towns.
LikeLike
I would say that anyone who is focused on what’s happening in those 12 cities and towns to the exclusion of the larger problem is either painfully misguided, or worried less about segregation than stopping charter schools.
LikeLike
So should people not be concerned about their own cities and towns?
LikeLike
You mean children didn’t just self-sort in an equitable and fair manner, thereby ending the Tyranny Of Zip Codes?
They had no earthly idea of the effect on segregation when they started this. Obviously it wasn’t a big concern, or they might have done a smidgen of planning.
They have no earthly idea of the effect on existing public schools, either. That was another area that wasn’t considered.
What if they create a system that is worse than the system they were so eager to tear down? Did anyone consider that possibility?
What If Cami Anderson’s attempt to regulate around the fact that charter schools don’t take the same children that public schools take ends as LESS equitable and fair than the dreaded “zip code system”? What if she ends up with defunded, weakened public schools that act as a “safety net” and charters that cherry-pick?
Is that a possibility, or are we talking about such extreme geniuses in ed reform that they never wind up with negative, unintended consequences? The public school system in my state took 150 years of democratic rule-making to create. It sure wasn’t perfect, but the idea that 100 celebrity ed reformers are going to create a better one in ten years seems to me incredibly arrogant.
LikeLike
I think it goes back to capacity for risk-taking. If you don’t value the existing system, tearing it down seems to carry no risk. The thing was terrible and worthless anyway.
If, on the other hand, like me, you think public schools have value, you are less likely to recklessly “disrupt” and think carefully of what the unintended consequences might be.
Billionaires have a lot of capacity for risk, because they’re insulated from the long-term PERSONAL effects of their actions. They’re not dependent on a healthy public school system. We are.
Also, the more you have invested in a particular place, the less reckless you get about tearing down existing systems that are flawed, sure, but they have value.
LikeLike
Connecticut does have a serious problem with residential segregation that contributes to and at times creates school segregation. Not all Connecticut school districts, even those in municipalities with residential segregation, are segregated, though. In Stamford, where I live, there are segregated neighborhoods, but we have a “10%” rule. Our schools must reflect the demographics of the city , plus or minus 10%. When our schools fall out of balance, we redistrict. We have a conscious policy to integrate, so we have integrated schools. Stamford has 2 charter schools in our city- not part of our district because they, like almost all CT charters, are state charters and are their own districts. They are hyper-segregated. And now another charter school has been approved to open in Stamford – one that is targeting children of color and low-income children and therefore will be segregated and will increase segregation in our school district. This is not a “tiny’ impact.
In fact 90% of CT’s charters are more segregated than their host districts- even when those districts are themselves segregated.Charter school segregation exacerbates the segregation that already exists. It is astounding that in Hartford, which is subject to the Sheff court order, no one is questioning the segregation in charter schools there.
One of the ways to deal with our hyper-segregated cities and districts would be to take another look at how district lines are drawn. One can drive down Asylum St. in Hartford and one minute be in Hartford, the next in West Hartford- 2 separate school districts.
LikeLike
Thank you for taking the time to post. According to the pro-charter crowd, concerns for your own city are misguided. Sit back and let the reformers take care of you, they know best and are concerned about the larger problem that you choose to ignore.
LikeLike
Racial segregation which is a problem to you is no doubt a desirable feature to most Connecticut whites and Asians,
LikeLike
Ct’s supreme court has imposed the affirmative obligation on the state to reduce and eliminate school segregation. What is particularly upsetting is that racial segregation does not seem to be a problem to our state leaders who have a duty to eliminate it.
LikeLike
Thanks for your response. Just to be clear, I strongly support the measures Stamford has taken to integrate its schools. For those who don’t know, Stamford is one of a small handful of suburban cities and towns in the New York City area that has a relatively diverse overall population; however, all of those cities and towns, including Stamford, still tend to be quite residentially segregated. Stamford’s public schools are actually quite a bit more diverse than the total city population, too, as many white Stamford children attend private or parochial schools. What Stamford is doing is admirable and innovative.
I would be interested to hear your take on how things have gone with Stamford’s push to de-track. Segregated classrooms within integrated schools has been a stubborn problem for diverse towns. Has the de-tracking led to a higher rate of minority students being college-ready? Is your concern with the Stamford charters that they will lure away minority or white students?
My broader point is that in a region where residential segregation and isolation is so extreme, the charter school stuff is nibbling around the edges. Banning charter schools isn’t going to reverse white flight and/or draw more whites out of private and parochial schools and back into the Stamford, New Haven, Bridgeport, or Hartford public schools. What’s needed is a challenge to the Milliken decision that will allow states to look at this issue regionally rather than simply within districts.
LikeLike
First, re de-tracking: I was actively involved in the detracking effort. It was a big step in the right direction. Unfortunately, it did not go far enough. There are still 2 ability levels in the middle school and kids still say they are in the “dumb group.” ( Ironically, many of those who opposed detracking also fought to get their children into our magnet middle school, which is heterogeneously grouped). It is a long story and I recommend you read Carol Burris’ new book “On the Right Track for more of the saga.
I agree that our segergation problem here in CT is a big problem. And we need to fight for integration on many levels. I disagree that calling attention to the extreme segrgation in charter schools is “nibbling at the edges.” It in fact goes to the heart of a serious problem in Connecticut: state policy and dollars that promote segregation in violation of the state’s obligation to eliminate segregation. Our state leaders are consciously moving in the opposite direction of where they must be on this issue and they are wasting state taxpayer money in the process- money that could be going to find real solutions to this problem.
LikeLike
and one more thing- I smiled when you wrote that Stamford’s commitment to integration was “innovative.” We have had our 10% rule for over 40 years.
LikeLike
oops sorry- one more thing! My concern with Stamford charters is on several levels. Segregated schools go against everything our community believes in. Moreover, we are an underfunded school district- we are founding members of the coalition bringing Ct’s school funding lawsuit (CCJEF). The state gives Stamford school less than $600 per student, while it gives charters $11,000 per student. With limited funding, we, as a community, have been working for years to address educational inequities in our schools so that ALL children can succeed. We try to face those difficult issues- like within-school segregation. The charter school that seeks to open in Stamford promises nothing to address these inequities. It’s doesn’t promise to do anything that we in Stamford are not already doing. And charters never promise to help all of our children- just a select few.
LikeLike
Ms. Lecker says, “Stamford has 2 charter schools in our city…They are hyper-segregated” but fails to point out those schools (operated by Domus, where I work) were created over a decade ago because the public schools were failing very struggling, traumatized youth with challenging social and emotional issues. We created these schools to ensure those students were not left behind. Are they heavily minority? Yes, because the students the district was failing are not white! It’s as simple as that. When students who do poorly in our district are more diverse, then our two charter schools will be diverse. Incidentally, we only created these schools as charters as a way to fund them–we are not charter champions but rather champions for educational settings that address the needs of these students. We do not care what color our kids are–only that they need our intensive, supportive environment. I cannot speak for other charters (who are nothing like ours).
LikeLike
Domus’ 2 charter schools in Stamford serve NO children from non-English speaking homes and 0% ELL students. Stamford’s school district serves 41% children from non-English speaking homes and over 13% ELL students. Why aren’t these underserved children served by Domus’ charters? Moreover, Domus subscribes to the unsubstantiated notion that children who do not score well on standardized tests must be segregated into one school (its leader testified to this point in Hartford). This method, which denies children access to higher level learning, not only is against the weight of the evidence, it flies in the face of Stamford’s commitment to detracking (which, although not complete, has had very positive results for all children). Domus has committed people serving children, but I wish they would be straight about whom they serve and whom they don’t. Their failure to serve ELL children puts them right with many other charters in CT. And while they like to say they are different from other charters, i have never heard them publicly speak out against the practices of charter schools in CT. The silence is deafening.
LikeLike
Wendy, here’s testimony by Bill Wilson who has a different view of segregation than you do. Bill is the first African American to be elected to the St. Paul City council, later was appointed Minnesota’s state Commissioner of Human Rights.
Remarks before the Minnesota Senate Education Committee
February 11, 2014
Madam Chair and members of the committee, I am Bill Wilson, Executive Director of Higher Ground Academy charter school, and I appreciate the opportunity to testify today. Given the lateness of the hour with only a couple of minutes remaining for testimony, I will set aside my prepared remarks. I feel compelled to comment on some earlier testimony that I believe to be misleading; particularly, testimony charging charter school with resegregating our public schools.
Painfully, public schools were legally segregated by government imposition from the inception of public schools which was ended in 1954 by the U.S. Supreme Court. Segregation being defined as when children of color could only attend schools that were designated for them based solely on the color of their skin. The supreme ruled that in such instances, separate and equal is never equal.
Charter schools must by law admit students on the basis of a family decision – not a government imposition. The fact that a charter school may enroll a very high percentage of one ethnic group or another, does not fit the definition of segregation. It’s far different than what I experienced as a child when our family was told where to send me.
As a child growing up in southern Indiana, I know far too well what segregated schools were because I was bussed past three (3) all white schools in order to attend the one school designated for children of color.
The pseudo segregation arguments that are typically advanced by the Institute on Metropolitan Opportunity at hearings like this, serves little more than an exercise in academic distractions from the primary causal issues of societal segregation such as income inequality, lack of affordable housing, the systemic under education of students of color and under education of students from lower income households regardless of color. Clearly, given the horrendous education gap between white and black students in our state, more attention needs to be placed on education at this time and less on spurious arguments about segregation.
Families and students enrolling in charter schools exercise choice free of government imposition which is the essence of democracy. Charter school enrollment in Minnesota represents only about 5% of the total public school enrollment – approximately 41,000 of some 840,000 total students. Clearly, charter schools are not a real threat to segregating Minnesota’s public schools.
Education is still the most reliable vehicle through which a person can constructively improve their life’s chances. In most instances, a quality education helps leverage a higher quality of life, which is more critical today than ever before. It is often said that a child has no choice in the circumstances when entering this world but, through quality education, they can in many instances shape, mold and determine their future.
Based on studies recently released by the Brookings Institute, some 75-80% of all new jobs that will be created in the Minnesota Metropolitan area will require a workforce with skills sets normally acquired through at least two years of post-secondary study. Unfortunately, our K – 12 education system is not adequately preparing many of our students for this reality and in the case of minority and especially black students, as is evidenced by results of the Minnesota Comprehensive Assessment of Proficiency in areas of Reading and Math.
When we average MCA proficiency scores between 2009 and 2013 for St. Paul and Minneapolis district schools, black students had a proficiency in Reading of 37% and a corresponding proficiency in Math of 28%. Accepting that there is a correlation in Reading and Math proficiencies and acceptance into post secondary institutions, it is reasonable to conclude that a disproportionate number of black students will not be able to access admission into Minnesota post secondary institutions. And in the absence of being able to acquire the requisite training and skills provided by 2 and 4-year post secondary education institution, these students will most likely be excluded from the 21st century job opportunities that are being created in the new Minnesota economy.
Clearly, education is in the enviable position of being a major driving force for the production of a diverse and robust workforce capable of meeting the demands of our growing technology based workforce. Clearly, more and better education remains the unrelenting challenge of both district and charter schools.
LikeLike
This is why the movie “The Help” is so powerful in understanding what we have been guilty of for so many decades, oven acting as if it is “natural order”.
The positions that inform the extremist positions of today are accusing public schools as tools if socialism and there are those who preach free market Ayn Rand philosophy as if it were the words of Jesus. There is an undercurrent of Red Scare that is more frightening than the1950s version.
I think most people of whatever political or religious persuasion agree in one thing: indoctrinating a child from birth to age 7 or so will lock in certain beliefs and reactions. The fight seems to be over who gets to indoctrinate and how it will be funded.
It seems difficult to establish a UNITED States when so many view socialization as Socialism.
LikeLike
To the extent that charters can avoid integration they will be attractive to many middle-class white and Asian parents.
LikeLike
Jim, it just occurred to me that your comments would be awesome in “fortune cookie” format.
“Mine says ‘Good news from afar may bring you a welcome visitor.’ What about yours?”
“Huh. It says ‘To the extent that charters can avoid integration they will be attractive to many middle-class white and Asian parents.'”
LikeLike
Thanks for the compliment.
LikeLike
The Hechinger Report @hechingerreport 20h
Netflix’s Hastings believes public schools must emulate and compete with charters; they’ll be “incredible customers” #edinnovation #edtech
This is a fundamentally different view. It isn’t a difference of opinion.
First, he believes that public schools must “emulate” charter schools. I don’t accept that charter schools have nothing to learn from public schools, for one thing, and I don’t really want my public school to “emulate” charter schools (those I have seen and read about). Second, he believes public education is akin to a commercial transaction. I don’t.
His beliefs are fine, but to say these are minor differences of opinion or dismiss dissent to this view as “politics” (whatever that means) is just a lie. It’s much, much bigger than that.
LikeLike
Though not about charters per se, this article is a case study of segregated schools, then the de-segregation and now the re-segregation. Excellent article! http://www.propublica.org/article/segregation-now-the-resegregation-of-americas-schools#intro
LikeLike
In the long run it is difficult for even the most powerful states to get peoplw to do what they don’t want to do.
LikeLike