Retired teacher Nancy Bailey has a way of putting school issues into perspective. In this post, she explains what recess is, why it’s important, what it is not, and why parents should beware of the programmed substitutes that are offered up instead of real recess. The war against play began with the Reagan-era report “A Nation at Risk,” then went into high gear with the passage of George W. Bush’s “No Child Left Behind” law and was reinforced by NCLB’s wicked stepchildren: Race to the Top and the Every Student Succeeds Act. What everything since 2001 stressed was the importance of test scores, not children’s health and well-being. Play in the era from 2001-2023 was a waste of time that would be better spent practicing for the next test.
Bailey wrote:
The lack of breaks for children and the misrepresentation of what constitutes recess continues to flourish.
School reformers try unsuccessfully to replace recess. But recess is not Playworks, Phys.Ed., meditation, or Brain Breaks controlled by adults who tell children what to do, denying them the ability to learn academic and social skills that recess provides when children are free to learn.
Recess is unstructured play. It’s supervised (supervision is critical) but not controlled by adults. It’s one of the easiest and inexpensive ways to help children flourish in school, and studies have highlighted its importance.
Removing recess from the school day involved one of the terrible school reforms in the ’90s connected to high-stakes standardized tests, with the bizarre belief (see A Nation at Risk) that children need more classwork without breaks.
After a while, adults realized the severe health problems that could arise if children don’t have breaks. Still, now they focus on physical activity and need to understand the significance of the critical social interactions children learn during recess.
In some places like Florida, parents have had to fight for a recess mandate, where they are always at risk of losing even 20 minutes of recess. Fortunately, the legislature allowed 20 minutes for now!
Recess involves unstructured play. As Mr. Rogers said, Play is often talked about as if it were a relief from serious learning. But for children, play is serious learning. Play is the work of childhood.
Conflict resolution and working out difficulties are critical parts of recess and another critical variable involving what children learn with unstructured play.
Playworks
The Pulse’s reporter Grant Hill, a Philadelphia NPR/PBS station, recently reviewed recess and its role in conflict resolution, especially after COVID-19. In Getting Better at Resolving Conflict, the recess discussions are at the end, and Hill covers recess’s importance. I get a short spot criticizing Playworks. The CEO misinterprets what recess involves and seems not to understand the impact of controlling what children do. This is not actual recess.
Playworks is a nonprofit run by volunteers from Americorps. It cashes in with donations from various outside corporations, people who likely confuse actual recess with an organized version of what is like Phys. Ed.
If charitable organizations were looking to assist with play and actual recess, they’d seek out poor schools with lousy playgrounds and fund those or find a way to offer children actual recess.
It’s also insulting to hear volunteers in a nonprofit getting donations and tax dollars say one of their purposes is to show teachers the importance of play. If Americorps volunteers want to work with children, they might consider becoming teachers.
Playworks is not alone in skewing the meaning of recess. Recess has been replaced with other inadequate substitutes like Phys. Ed., meditation, and Brain Breaks. Some classes have children sitting on bouncy balls, thinking that nonstop balancing keeps them on their toes!
Please open the link to learn about other efforts to supplant recess.

Absolutely right. The school deformers don’t seem to actually like children, but if they do, they surely don’t understand them. Yes, unstructured play is critical to their growth and healthy development.
Also, the desire for kids to have fun can be built into the curriculum and educational practices. Games: In teaching 7th graders, I had kids in teams, locating US states, then Ohio counties. Mock trials: With 9th graders, we put George on trial for his shooting of Lennie, after we read “Of Mice & Men.” For 10th and 11th graders, we had a mock Supreme Court case about a title claim of “Indians” to some land where “El Mart” wanted to build a shopping center. I had kids ask me if they had to go to math class–or lunch–they wanted to continue playing with these ideas.
When the testing madness took over here in Ohio, I retired.
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Jack,
You are so right! I recall when one of my sons took the role of NAACP leader Robert Carter to argue against racial segregation in a re-enactment of the Brown decision. He read extensively to be prepared.
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Recess is a much needed respite from the sedentary classroom. It gives children the freedom to make their own choices while they learn to deal with other children, and it allows them to run and play in the fresh air. It deserves as much a place in elementary schools as academics. As a teacher that has spent some time on elementary playgrounds, it is also a chance for adults to observe children in their own native habitat and learn from the experience. “Children can navigate and master skills on their own terms without adult interference.”
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Argue with Nancy Bailey at your own peril. A case in point:
Allow me to brag on my daughter. She is remarkable in her perception of literary figures, and thinks nothing of writing thousands of words at a time analyzing characters in a play or story. She was brilliant on her first big acting role, largely because she spent hours telling me or her mother why her character said one thing or another. Now how did she get that way?
When she would come home from school in the primary grades, we would often get an earful of the latest game she and her friends would invent on the playground, each of them taking a part in a self-invented play that would relate to what the various books they were reading. Think there is some relationship between her present ability and that experience? I know what Nancy Bailey would say. Just don’t argue with her. Nod.
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During my last several years teaching in a Title One K-6 school, my wife and I started a lunch-time school garden program adjacent to the playground. This was in Arizona, where “winter” temperatures usually reached 50 by late morning, so we gardened year-round.
Participation was optional during the 20 minute recess after lunch, and students could choose our informal “lesson” or from a variety of other activities.
One group of 3-4th grade boys was rarely interested in other garden activities, but were VERY enthusiastic with picks and shovel 2-3 days per week– breaking ground, filling wheelbarrows, shoveling dirt into raised beds, shoveling well-aged horse manure off the trailer, etc.
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This. Is. Freaking. Wonderful.
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Those that want to eliminate recess do not understand child development.
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And they are assholes.
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LET KIDS BE KIDS!
(Yes, I’m screaming that)
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Can some old but immature adults get in on this?
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What’s the saying. . . The more the merrier.
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haaaa!
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When I was a kid, I never learned anything but the three Rs, and for crying out loud, I never got recess. I got a job! For twenty minutes between Reading, Riting, and Rithmetic, when I was seven years old, I worked in a coal mine. I walked from California to Kentucky and back every day, uphill both ways, in the snow year round , with no shoes. I was tough. I was resilient. I had grit, not like kids today with their recess, and their union teachers, and their fat free milk, and their elective classes, and their shoes. When I was eight, I worked on a deep sea fishing boat hauling in tuna. I walked from California to the middle of the ocean every day, uphill both ways. No silly recess, I was making money! Kids today, sheesh! Get to work!
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Newt Gingrich agrees with you. But there is a reason why he is named for a slimy amphibian.
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ROFL, Lefty!!! OMG. Hilarious.
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Love it!
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I agree they need recess!!!! Boys stay in boys room and girls stay in the girls room, boys have penises girls have vaginas
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