Ron Berler writes about education. This article originally appeared at Medium. He originally wrote the article at the beginning of Trump’s presidency but thinks it resonates today.
It was the Friday before Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Kathryn Frey had decided to read Carmen Agra Deedy’s children’s book, “The Yellow Star: The Legend of King Christian X of Denmark,” to her fourth-grade, Greenwich, Conn., class. It tells a tale of how the king and his countrymen protected that nation’s Jews from Nazi persecution during World War II.
Frey teaches at New Lebanon School, one of the town’s three Title I elementary schools. Some know Greenwich as a tony New York suburb. But one corner of it is not. In her class of 18, there are 14 Latinos, two African Americans and two whites. Seventeen are either immigrants or the children of immigrants.
Frey was sick that day, so I was recruited to read to her students. The children, 9 and 10, gathered in front of me on the rug. They had barely heard of Nazi Germany or the war, and couldn’t say when the events in question took place. But they did have a firm sense of right and wrong. They blanched when I told them what the Nazis had done and how they had discriminated.
I opened the book and began to read, pausing after each page to show the children the illustrations that help illuminate the story. Deedy’s picture book is myth inspired by fact. In her telling, the king encouraged all his people to wear on their outer clothing the yellow star meant by the Nazis to identify and isolate Jews, so the invaders wouldn’t know who was Jewish and who was not. History teaches that the king protected Denmark’s Jews by other means. But the students got the point: Jews, non-Jews, all were Danes.
Since President Donald Trump issued his initial immigration executive order, temporarily barring U.S. entry to visa holders from seven predominantly Muslim nations, and banning refugees from all nations and those from Syria indefinitely, I’ve thought quite a bit about Deedy’s book, and why Frey chose it for her students. I sought her out in her classroom.
Frey has taught for 30 years, the last four at New Lebanon. She invited me to sit at a round, child-size worktable near the center of the room. We were alone; her students were in gym class. The wall in front of us was lined with baskets of books that made up the room’s library. Above them was a partial timeline of U.S. history, from the first British expedition to Roanoke Island, N.C., in 1584, to the civil-rights era, in 1960.
Frey said that the class had just begun a unit on historical fiction — a genre with which few of the students were familiar. She had selected “The Yellow Star” for its simple theme and its schoolchild accessibility. “This is the first time that most of them have been exposed to historical time periods,” she said. “At this age, they know famous people, but they don’t have a sense of what happened. They know Martin Luther King, and when I returned the day after his holiday, we talked about how a person’s actions and words can cause change. They made the connection between Dr. King and King Christian.”
Change and action and the power of words have taken on particular meaning for her students.
“The day after the [presidential] election, several children told me they were very worried about what might happen to them,” Frey said. “They talked about it that morning among themselves when they came into class. They were worried about their families. One boy came to me in tears and said he was leaving the country, that his family was going back to Portugal. He went around the room, saying goodbye to his friends. Later that day I called his dad. The boy was mistaken; the family was staying.”
But the damage was done.
It took 15 minutes to read “The Yellow Star” to the class. Upon finishing, I looked up at the students. From their expressions, I feared I had upset some of them all over again. When I asked their thoughts on those who had threatened Denmark’s Jews, their response was heartfelt, uncomplicated. “That’s wrong,” blurted one boy, to general agreement. “It’s not fair,” seconded another.
The students never mentioned President Trump or his executive order. But they decided they liked King Christian X very much.
I am delighted that these young students, most of whom are ELLs, are being exposed to a thinking curriculum, not just grammar and boring “rules of English.” These students deserve a content rich curriculum while they are still learning English. While so many ELLs are academically behind, it does not mean they are slow learners, In fact, many of them are quite mature, bright and eager to learn. Their maturity helps them to fill in their education gaps quite efficiently. Many ELLs have arrived from war torn or extremely poor countries. Yet, it is not surprising they have a clear understanding of right and wrong. Most of them have a heart wrenching story of why their family had to leave their homeland. These students are fortunate to be in such a well resourced school with a teacher that believes in critical thinking. I wish more newcomers had this same opportunity.
Another GREAT children’s book about he Holocaust, also called Yellow Star: the one by Jennifer Roy, based on her grandmother’s experience in the Lodz Ghetto.
My daughter loved Lois Lowry’s “Number the Stars,” which takes place in Copenhagen during the war.
I started Kindergarten in 1969. Every classroom in my elementary school had “The Golden Rule” displayed within the classroom (minus the citation from the Bible). My family was not very religious and I never knew that it came from the Bible. It was (still is) a good “rule” and teachers used it often IF they had to intervene in bad behavior between kids. Kids are born without sin or prejudice or hatred in their heart and they learn bad behavior and hate from their elders. Just the fact that teachers used “The Golden Rule” in the classroom from Kindergarten on, made for less behavior problems with kids. It’s just simply saying, be nice, be thoughtful, be kind…..we are all human and in this world together. Children get it. Children know right from wrong and will model good and kind behavior if it is expected from them.
No one ever taught the Golden Rule to Trump. He learned that “He who has the Gold makes the rules.”
Trump is all “Id”. He has the personality of a 2-3 year old and was likely never told the word “NO”. He likely never suffered any consequences for bad behavior. He is a horrible piece of flesh…..I can’t bear to refer to him as “human” as that would imply that he has a heart and a soul.
There has always been culture wars over definition of America.
Ron Berler reading “The Yellow Star” a story of a King and his people protective of a minority within the Kingdom resisting terror of Nazi conquering army targeting a minority group. Mr. Berler reported the 4th graders found it “not fair” that Nazi invading army should target a Nation’s minority group.
Picking a historic fiction genre that elicits a feeling in 4th graders that it is “not fair” for powerful to target minorities could be understood not as teaching “critical thinking” but in culture wars terms as liberal teacher indoctrination.
Perhaps a teacher that believes in American Exceptionalism may have chosen a different historic fiction genre; say one of many stories about Alamo and its heroic legends.
A historic fiction decision of a teacher is part of the on-going culture wars as much as the decision in 1956, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower signing a law making “In God We Trust” the national motto, replacing “E Pluribus Unum” (Out of many, one). And, therefore leaving out non-religious and polytheists citizens in passing a law not inclusive.
“Picking a historic fiction genre that elicits a feeling in 4th graders that it is “not fair” for powerful to target minorities could be understood not as teaching “critical thinking” but in culture wars terms as liberal teacher indoctrination.”
Just what is your point? What is the counter value that you see as legitimate? Highlighting the cruelty of the Nazis and the Danish response is “liberal teacher indoctrination”? I haven’t met any children who would have responded that the Danish king should have handed over the Danish Jews. That response is the one that would require indoctrination. In my experience, It would take no “prompting/eliciting” for children to react with outrage to the Nazis..
speduktr: I had several points in mind when I posted, One I point I didn’t make was I I doubted if the myth of the Yellow Star was true. Looking on line I found two posting asserting the Myth was false. Here is one posting I found.
Rescue of the Danish Jews
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[If it is a free encyclopedia why am I contributing to it in a small amount every month? I use if often and hope it stays available and also hope others that use it contribute too.}
“Danish Jews being transported to Sweden
The rescue of the Danish Jews occurred during Nazi Germany’s occupation of Denmark during World War II. On October 1, 1943, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler ordered Danish Jews to be arrested and deported. The Danish resistance movement, with the assistance of many Danish citizens, managed to evacuate 7,220 of Denmark’s 7,800 Jews, plus 686 non-Jewish spouses, by sea to nearby neutral Sweden.[1]
The rescue allowed the vast majority of Denmark’s Jewish population to avoid capture by the Nazis, and is considered one of the largest actions of collective resistance to aggression in the countries occupied by Nazi Germany. As a result of the rescue, and of the following Danish intercession on behalf of the 464 Danish Jews who were captured and deported to the Theresienstadt transit camp in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, over 99% of Denmark’s Jewish population survived the Holocaust.[1]”
Having read information that shows the story of The Yellow Star is a false myth, is it not inappropriate to refer to the story as fitting the genre historic fiction?
As a 4th grade teacher; and later as a release time teacher teaching grades 1-5 for 50 minutes, I was blessed to have the freedom to teach children’s literature from novels to picture books.
And, yes my decisions on what I taught reflects my values of graphic beauty and great story telling of Widow’s Broom by Chris Van Allsburg. Within his story is a message that women can out wit males; and a witch is not only powerful, but beautiful: so much culture values packed into a picture book. Or Gary Paulsen’s chapter book Hatchet, an exciting survival story that kept many of my students’ interest alive.
But, nothing like interest genre chapter fantasy novel caught crazy viral pandemic interest as a series of chapter books and movies after we began reading together Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone written,by then unknown United Kingdom author, J. K. Rowling.
I’ve found the reading many children’ books as a loving act and have been so lucky to be in a position as a classroom teacher, and as release time teacher, to share my love of children’s books with my students.
My final point is that while my world view was reflected in the choices I made in selecting children’s literature, teachers in another location with differing world views (such as making America Great Again) provide their students with the books they love. And, those books teachers with another world view shared with their students likely would not be mostly the books that I loved and shared with my students. Because I believe one’s world view matters.
Okay. Now I understand what you are saying. Someone didn’t do their homework. The story of how the Danes rescued almost their entire Jewish population is incredibly inspiring. I love your choices of books and made all of them available to my middle (and high) school special ed students for independent reading. I don’t think I am quite as cynical as you, though, about the choices more conservative teachers make for reading. Yeah, the further right you get, the more accurate I would think your opinion might be.
Carmen Deedy is one of the most amazing storytellers you will ever see. If you get a chance to see her tell live, take it. I promise you will not be disappointed (I have seen her at the Timpanogos Storytelling Festival several times.)
Kids know what’s fair. Adults are to blame for messing with their inate values.
Clarity: Doesn’t your quote “kids know what’s fair” fit the following philosophy: “The belief that man, by nature, is good was espoused by the French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). He believed that people in the state of nature were innocent and at their best and that they were corrupted by the unnaturalness of civilization.”
Fourth graders are certainly tuned into what is or is not fair although they are still a bit black or white about what is or isn’t fair. I suppose Rousseau should be forgiven for thinking the little darlings would be better off in the wild; one could certainly wonder if he who shall not be named (not Voldemort) would have benefited from growing up without human direction.
We are expecting so much from our littles these days. Though I miss teaching and the daily connections to my students, I am relieved to be retired so I can advocate from the sidelines for the support our teachers and kids need without fear of repercussion. Teachers provide a buffer so children can be somewhat sheltered in our chaotic society; childhood will never get a do-over.
Undocumented families and kids in mixedstatus households.
Economic insecurity.
Looming homelessness because rent cannot be paid.
No access to healthcare.
Racist hate apparent everywhere.
Climate change admist a pandemic.
School buildings closed, but some likely to reopen soon.
Oh, and keep those test scores high or your schools will be privatized.