Jersey Jazzman knows that the leaders of the Disruption Movement are always on the hunt for proof that their theories work. One model district after another has had its moment in the sun, then sinks into oblivion.
The district of the moment, he writes, is Camden, possibly the poorest in the state. Most people might look at Camden and think that what’s needed most is jobs and good wages. Disrupters have a different answer: Charter Schools.
In an earlier post, he explained how charters “cream” the students they want to get better results and wow naive editorial writers.
In this post, he wrote that Camden was supposed to prove that charters can take every child in the district and succeed. They would not select only the ones they wanted.
Because Camden was going to be the proof point that finally showed the creaming naysayers were wrong with a new hybrid model of schooling: the renaissance school. These schools would be run by the same organizations that managed charter schools in Newark and Philadelphia. The district would turn over dilapidated school properties to charter management organizations (CMOs); they would, in turn, renovate the facilities, using funds the district claimed it didn’t have and would never get.
But most importantly: these schools would be required to take all of the children within the school’s neighborhood (formally defined as its “catchment”). Creaming couldn’t occur, because everyone from the neighborhood would be admitted to the school. Charter schools would finally prove that they did, indeed, have a formula for success that could be replicated for all children.
It turned out not to be true, however. He calls Camden “the very big lie.”
In the third post about Camden, Jersey Jazzman gives his readers a lesson about the limitations of the CREDO methodology.
He starts here:
I and others have written a great deal over the years about the inherent limitations and flaws in CREDO’s methodology. A quick summary:
— The CREDO reports rely on data that is too crude to do the job properly. At the heart of CREDOs methodology is their supposed ability to virtually “match” students who do and don’t attend charter schools, and compare their progress. The match is made on two factors: first, student characteristics, including whether students qualify for free lunch, whether they are classified as English language learners (in New Jersey, the designation is “LEP,” or “limited English proficient”), whether they have a special education disability, race/ethnicity, and gender.
The problem is that these classifications are not finely-grained enough to make a useful match. There is, for example, a huge difference between a student who is emotionally disturbed and one who has a speech impairment; yet both would be “matched” as having a special education need. In a city like Camden, where childhood poverty is extremely high, nearly all children qualify for free or reduced-price lunch (FRPL), which requires a family income below 185 percent of the poverty line. Yet there is a world of difference between a child just below that line and a child who is homeless. If charter schools enroll more students at the upper end of this range — and there is evidence that in at least some instances they do — the estimates of the effect of charter schools on student learning growth very likely will be overstated….
A “study” like the Camden CREDO report attempts to compare similar students in charters and public district schools by matching students based on crude variables. Again, these variables aren’t up to the job — but just as important, students can’t be matched on unmeasured characteristics like parental involvement. Which means the results of the Camden CREDO report must be taken with great caution.
And again: when outcomes suddenly shift from year-to-year, there’s even more reason to suspect the effects of charter and renaissance schools are not due to factors such as better instruction.
One more thing: any positive effects found in the CREDO study are a fraction of what is needed to close the opportunity gap with students in more affluent communities. There is simply no basis to believe that anything the charter or renaissance schools are doing will make up for the effects of chronic poverty, segregation, and institutional racism from which Camden students suffer.
This is a richly argued and documented critique that deserves your full attention.
Underneath the search for miracles is the wish that equality can be purchased on the cheap. This satisfies the needs of politicians who want desperately believe there are easy answers to tough problems. JJ reminds us that there are not.
If politicians stopped looking for quick fixes, miracles, and secret sauce, it might be possible to have serious discussions about our problems and how to solve them.

Diane: “This is a richly argued and documented critique that deserves your full attention.”
You think so?
In respect to the CREDO methodology, he writes:
“There is, for example, a huge difference between a student who is emotionally disturbed and one who has a speech impairment; yet both would be ‘matched’ as having a special education need.”
But they’re also ‘matched’ on baseline test scores.
And he says:
“but just as important, students can’t be matched on unmeasured characteristics like parental involvement.”
Again, that neglects the fact that they are matched on test scores. If he believes that parental involvement has a greater effect on test scores on older students than on younger students, his analysis might follow logically. But it’s not a theory that makes intuitive sense to me, or for which I’ve seen supporting research evidence.
I’ve discussed this issue with JJ previously, following his June 30 post about Newark.
https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9025948832913694345&postID=3488970182736540934&isPopup=true&bpli=1&pli=1
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JJ has a PhD in Statistics. Do you?
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I haven’t lost hope that you’ll persuade Wellesley to grant me an honorary one…
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I believe JJ has a PhD in Educational Theory, Organization, and Policy. At least that was his area as a graduate student at Rutgers. See https://nepc.colorado.edu/author/jazzman-jersey
It does seem to me that if Jersey Jazzman is arguing that the match between the virtual pairs is inadequate, it would be best to discuss all the ways that that the pairs are matched, not just a subset of the ways they are matched.
I do agree that that there is a large difference between a student that is just eligible for a free lunch and a student the comes from a household well below the poverty line just as there is not much of a difference between students just above the eligibility requirements and just below the eligibility requirements. That problem is inherent in these kinds of measures.
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I will ask him. His doctorate may not be a Ph.D. In statistics but he certainly is very adept in his statistical analyses. He is not a layman.
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My PhD concentration is what TE says. I have plenty of quant training. TE, I did discuss the use of previous test scores in matching.
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JJ: “I did discuss the use of previous test scores in matching.”
Its absence from the previous two paragraphs in Part III is striking. Would their inclusion have undermined the argument you were making there?
You had neglected them in the NEPC report about Newark, or did I miss something?
Click to access TTR%20Weber-Baker_2.pdf
For any who are not familiar with CREDO’s standard methodology for comparing growth in test scores, this may be helpful.
http://credo.stanford.edu/virtual-control-records/
To simplify what I understand my disagreement with JJ to be…
John Charter and James TPS are both English Language Learners whose growth in test scores is being compared.
JJ says that, while both are ELL, that is a crude binary variable and James TPS may be less advanced than John.
Stephen responds… In some circumstances there may be much validity to that, but in CREDO’s standard VCR methodology it is not randomly chosen charter and TPS ELL students whose growth in academic proficiency that are being compared… it is students with matching baseline academic proficiency.
And JJ says: “students can’t be matched on unmeasured characteristics like parental involvement.”
His implication seems to be that parental involvement may be an explanation for rate of growth in academic proficiency between point a and point b in time but is not, similarly, an explanation for rate of growth between birth and point a.
I’d be curious on anyone’s thoughts on this question… If two students have the same test scores in 7th grade, one with an “involved” parent, the other with an “uninvolved” parent, which is likely to be more academically successful subsequently?
To the degree to which CREDO’s Camden analysis deviates from its standard VCR methodology, some of JJ’s critique may well have validity… but I see that it links to a Technical Appendix that states:
“Our baseline model controls for differences in the students’ race, gender, poverty status, English Language Learner designation, special education status, grade level, grade retention status, and prior academic achievement.”
https://cityschools.stanford.edu/technical-appendix
FWIW, I think it’s fine and dandy for us all to speculate that the Camden charter schools aren’t very good and that the tests they give measure relatively meaningless material… while remaining open to other possibilities.
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Stephen, you seem like such a decent man.
I truly don’t understand why you are a zealot for the DeVos-Walton-ALEC privatization agenda.
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JJ,
That the control and treatment group might have unobserved differences is always a concern in these kinds of studies. Do you think that FERPA may well prevent anyone from having the fine grained information necessary to any comparison of different approaches to teaching?
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Stephen, I explicitly address this issue in the post.
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Corporations always have a cadre of lawyers that watch their back and ensure the corporation will have the advantage in any dispute. The Equifax data breach reminded me of this in their resolution terms. In Camden ” If there are more students in the attendance area than seats in the renaissance school, the renaissance school shall determine enrollment by a lottery for students residing in the attendance area.” This is the provision in the contract that enables ‘creaming.” In many Renaissance schools fewer than 50% of students were from the local catchment area.
JJ discusses the creaming practices for special education. They simply select students with the least number of problems and least cost to serve. Among ELLs creaming would include accepting advanced students while rejecting the beginning and intermediate students. These students require a much greater resource investment before they can start producing test scores. Corporations are slippery eels that always have ways to circumvent their obligations. They have mastered the art of the loophole or work around, and they should never be in charge of health or well-being, IMHO.
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“If politicians stopped looking for quick fixes, miracles, and secret sauce, it might be possible to have serious discussions about our problems and how to solve them.”
I must say that I have despaired of ever seeing the election of a political leader who says to a voting public: “we need to get this job done, it will be difficult and costly, and you are going to have to both sacrifice and pay for this job to get done.” Neither the left not right of American politics has ever voted for such a candidate. There is no middle to remain. This is one reason we are where we are in our body politic today..
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So true.
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and the ‘body’ in our nation’s body politic is ever more impatient, ever more quick-fix microwave oriented, ever more attracted to the non-researched miracle cure
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YEP!
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