Nancy E. Bailey asks an important question at a time when all sorts of people who have never been in a classroom since they were students call themselves “educators.” What is an educator?
She writes:
Define educator for America’s schools. It’s critical to nail this down during a teacher shortage and when there are attempts to privatize public schools. We don’t want people with inappropriate or no credentials teaching America’s children and directing their public schools.
Ensuring that teachers and administrators are qualified used to be required. Since NCLB, alternative routes to teaching and educational leadership have blurred the lines and deregulated the profession. Tampering with education credentials lessens their importance. This is a trick of those who want school privatization.
It’s no accident that there’s a teacher shortage at the same time teaching requirements have weakened. With a worsening problem to keep teachers in the classroom, some states relax teaching requirements!
If teacher preparation continues to be diminished by ill-defined teacher preparation and credentialing programs, children will get teachers who don’t understand what they teach, or how children learn.
For example, recent reports referred to Beta O’Rourke’s wife, Amy, as an educator. Mrs. O’Rourke taught kindergarten in Guatemala, but she has a degree in psychology. She is not an educator.
It isn’t clear what kind of credentials O’Rourke needed to teach in Guatemala, or what progress the children made under her instruction. When she returned to El Paso in 2004, she worked with Centro de Salud Familiar La Fe a health clinic, and helped create a K-8 charter school focused on dual-language. She became superintendent of the school without any educational administrative credentials. According to Deutsch29, O’Rourke’s school dropped two grade levels.
Now she is the “Choose to Excel” director at CREEED a foundation designed to raise money for charter schools. She is still not an educator.
Is Arne Duncan an educator? He was superintendent of schools in Chicago, but he never taught or led a school, and he never earned a degree in the subject where he claims expertise.
Is Austin Beutner of Los Angeles an educator? No.
Bailey writes:
The problem isn’t only with teachers. In state education departments and local school districts, we have a glut of administrators in key positions who have minimal education training, usually little experience working with children, who determine school policy. These individuals are groomed to privatize public schools.
Betsy DeVos is a good example. Arne Duncan was another. Neither had experience working with children or university education degrees. Duncan had been superintendent of Chicago’s public schools, but he was just as unqualified for that position. Both have been all about increasing charter schools and creating a privatized educational system.
Maybe educators who have earned the title should be flattered. But it is not flattering when people who have no expertise steal your title for their own purposes.
And it is certainly not flattering when state legislatures lower standards so that almost anyone can claim to be a teacher.
Bailey remembers the days when teachers had to earn credentials to teach or administer. Now state education departments and local districts are filled with non-educators making decisions about education. Some have fancy corporate titles, like “chief human resources officer,” or “chief knowledge officer,” but that’s just a way of evading the necessity of hiring trained professionals.
Make no mistake.
The current drift is to deprofessionalize teaching and education so anyone at all–like Duncan, Beutner, and DeVos–can claim to be an “educator.” They are not.
That demeans the profession.

There would be no teacher shortage if states actually invested in a cared about public education. If teachers were not being attacked on the left and the right and were paid according to their credentials, there would be no shortage. TFA and other fake training programs cheapen the degrees of legitimate professionals, and that is exactly the intention. It is all part of global GERM and the deprofessionalizing of teaching. I refuse to call those from TFA or Relay teachers or educators. These are titles that should be earned. I call them associates like Walmart associates.
By the way I happened to see the Wyatt Cenac Show on HBO. I had never seen the show before. When I saw the topic was education, I decided to see what he had to say. He did a good job of highlighting many of the issues in the West Virginia teachers strike in an entertaining way. His staff knew enough to get you to comment on why the walk-outs are happening. Thanks for all that you do in support of public education!
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PERFECT!
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Deprofessionalization of teaching is a key part of the game to monetize education.
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LOL! Is Arne an educator? NOPE, NOPE, NOPE.
Just because some “say they are educators,” doesn’t make it so. There are a lot of ARMCHAIR teachers, just as there are a lot of ARMCHAIR therapists.
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Good point. Every coach knows that hundreds of fans who played their sport at some level consider themselves authorities. So it is with teachers. Since most people went to a high school somewhere, they are prone to commit the fallacy of generalization and become education authorities.
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Roy, this comparison is so recognizable I had to smirk! My husband listens to sports-analysis radio, & the call-ins are hilarious. Every fan is an armchair expert second-guessing the team managers and owners. Just as everyone who ever went to school is an expert on public school policy. Wonder why the mgrs don’t just hire fans w/5-wk degrees from Sports R Us to play for the teram, it’d be so much cheaper 😉
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This post’s title asks one of those big questions that ought to be asked everyday–and the other one is “What does it mean to be an educated person?” (Or, “What does and educated person look and sound like?”)
Although I’d had years of experience working with troubled adolescents before I entered the New York City Teaching Fellowship, I nonetheless entered teaching through that alternative certification program. Was it effective?
No: the program was dismal, and the college to which I was sent to earn my M.S. in education would have been laughable if its consequences (e.g. under-prepared teachers entering New York City’s schools) weren’t so serious. After I finished the two-year stint in the Fellows, I set out on a ten-year reading and writing program to remedy the gross deficits in my training with which the program left me. I’d been a doctoral candidate before entering the Teaching Fellows, and a lifelong autodidact, so I think–I hope–I accrued what my training, and therefore me as a teacher, lacked.
It’s not for me to say, however, whether or not I am a good educator. I like to think I am. The problem is that the normal mechanisms to measure performance in this setting–peer or administrative review–is hobbled by exactly the problems this article describes. I have worked under five different administrators, and none of them knew anything like what they should have about teaching and learning–and I don’t mention the “content” we are charged with teaching. The principal under whom I currently serve in Springfield, Massachusetts, has set a standard for ignorance and laziness that makes the dimbulbs I worked for in New York look like John Dewey.
Part of the reason I started my own blog was to put the material I developed for the struggling learners I serve out for peer review. I mean, the work I develop follows the research of learning scientists and educational psychologists, and the kids seem to do well with it, but a little solid peer review would go a long way.
This a great post–I’d reblog it, but I’m afraid my principal would see this comment. Thanks, Diane, for putting this out there.
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Markste: your description of your present principal makes me worried that you might be bottling up feelings. Go ahead and say what you think.
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Thanks, Roy. As my post indicates, I don’t do well with repressing my thought about certain classes of people–particularly those I consider irrational and/or incompetent authorities.
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If you are a teacher of English, and especially if you teach challenged students, I STRONGLY recommend that you familiarize yourself with Mark’s blog. It’s a treasure trove of awesome teaching resources that Mark has prepared and made publicly available over many years. Find it here: https://markstextterminal.com/
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Very kind of you, Bob, and this means a lot to me coming from you.
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I mean every word. Your accomplishment on that blog, Mark, is truly extraordinary. What a gift to the profession you are!
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Wow. I’m speechless. Seriously. And I’m grateful indeed to you.
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Great Post, It sup at https://www.opednews.com/Quicklink/Nancy-Bailey-What-Is-an–in-Best_Web_OpEds-Diane-Ravitch_Education_Schools-190408-415.html#comment730136‘
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THE ploy IN THE PLOT TO END PUBLIC EDUCATION and create an ignorant citizenry, is to remove all the experienced teacher-practitioners (who know WHAT LEARNING LOOKS LIKE, and how to enable the learning of real skills).
… and BTW Karen Horwitz is about to release her edited version of “White Chalk Crime: The Real Reason Why Schools Fail”
I met Karen when— in the nineties, — when they came after me! I went to her amazing NAPTA site where teachers who were under attack told their stories. http://endteacherabuse.org
Yeah, folks, the assault on teachers was always OUT THERE, as the fake news owned by the power elite (The Educational Industrial Complex) screamed about those old tired, lazy BAD teachers. https://greatschoolwars.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/eic-oct_11.pdf
At that time, in 1998, I was already The NYSEC (NYS English Councils’s) “Educator of Excellence” and for 2 years, I had been the Pew cohort in NYC, for HARVARD’S RESEARCH on The Principles of Learning!”
Thus, they could not accuse me of incompetence!!
Let me be clear about THE CRIME:
You can GRASP the criminal behavior needed to remove a teacher such as I was; I was one of the most successful teachers in the nation (according to that Pew Research, which studied me for 2 years ,and said I was one of six in the 20,000 they studied who matched IN A UNIQUE WAY all the standards/principles for LEARNING)
That did not stop the criminals in the DOE, who — with NO CHARGES put out, AND NOT EVEN A LETTER OF EXPLANATION! Six months later, as the UFT DID NOTHING, I was READ that letter… at a meeting…the first AND ONLY ONE that I had since I had been taken from my classroom.
Yeah… it was in the United States that I learned that teachers have no rights!
The CRIME that shattered my civil rights? There had been NO HEARING when the superintendent of District 2, broke the law, and wrote a letter stating that I was GUILTY of ‘corporal punishment’. ( As my expensive attorney later pointed out: they based this bogus ‘verdict’ on a single student’s allegation that I had ‘cursed’ at her… and this frightened her!)
STOP LAUGHING!…they sent me to a rubber room, and trashed my successful NYC practice.
I languished for 6 months in a storeroom (the rubber room) at the district office, as my students wrote to me about how they trashed my room AND MY RESEARCH and gave my 1000 book library to other teachers.
I hired an attorney and it cost me 26 THOUSAND DOLLARS to get BACK to my school, but NEVER AGAIN to a classroom. I was now, housed in a closet, where a few students each period came to me, each period, in a pull-out program that had never existed when I TAUGHT THE ENTIRE SEVENTH GRADE. (My students were at the top of NYC and 3rd in the State in those tests that AOC also took.)
NOW — as the parents of students in this East Side Middle school (which they had CHOSEN for their children) clamored for my return, the new, lawless principal wrote a letter saying that she heard (through the grapevine) that I had ‘threatened to kill her! Stop laughing, Greg and Lloyd)
Soooo — I was BACK in the rubber room — until Randi Weingarten was contacted by my HUSBAND… and she arbitrated me into retirement.
My salary was thus GONE from the school budget, and they could HIRE A NOVICE for many thousands less. Of course, I was very ill, and the book that Stenhouse ASKED ME TO WRITE ABOUT HOW I DID IT… how I enabled every kid on my class to write so well— was no longer desired.
The CRIMINALITY which I experienced as the power elite emptied NYC (the largest school system in the 15,880, is the SAME that teachers in LAUSD (the second largest system) experienced, as the ASSAULT on public education began and WHITE CHALK CRIME became the modus operandi. Karen’s research, published years ago will kick you out!
..for LA’s sad story See my next comment, as my LA friend and teacher Lenny Isenberg chronicled it.
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Education Shmeducation
Who needs education
When Harvard does the trick?
Harvard adulation:
Enough to make us sick
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on the nose
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Once again Nancy brings us a commentary on an important matter. She always does.
It strikes me that the importance of asking what a teacher looks like has more to do with the pursuit of learning post-training than anything else. Just as you cannot just stop learning when you leave an engineer training program, you cannot depend on your college teacher training to deepen your understanding of what works in the classroom. Indeed, the most important lesson is that what works for one group might not work at all three hours later.
Given this, I think we need to look closer at the amount of money we put into training the teachers who want to stay in the profession. After a few years, committed teachers should be encouraged with financial incentives to spend time with other teachers in a setting where children are learning, a sort of re-entry into student teaching or whatever you want to call apprentice status, so that more imaginative solutions to educational problems can emerge from the profession.
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Roy, I’m a big fan of Japanese Lesson Study as a continuous improvement model for teachers. Here, an overview: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ960950.pdf
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Thanks, Bob. This was an interesting read. I have never worked in a situation that allowed enough time for this to happen, but it is a great model for teachers to be at the base of learning how to teach more effectively.
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yes. Ideally, teaching loads would be reduced by at least a third in order to accommodate lesson study time.
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Wonderful template for teacher collaboration. The bullet-points on a research lesson reminded me of an China-US math teacher exchange I read about back in the late ‘80’s. The Chinese critique of US math-teaching methods: we tend to rote-teach a formula & spend a lot of time practicing its application to different data sets. The Chinese method was opposite: the emphasis was on learning to derive formulas, via presenting a problem, having small teams work on solutions, then presenting solutions to whole class & discussing which methods worked best/ were most efficient. Clearly, a formula will be understood more deeply and remembered better when students participate in deriving it/ selecting it from alternatives. The paper you linked shows the knowledge needed to support such an approach, and how it can be shared among teachers.
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The difference between this and the US model? Its bottom-up instead of top-down.
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We were encouraged to collaborate, reflect and set personal instructional goals before NCLB. It all got lost when teachers were put on an instructional treadmill to feed the data machine.
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Having standardized test producer Pearson write professional certification exams for teachers is like having Stephen Miller write an exam on the social, economic, and political causes and consequences of immigration. It’s like having big tobacco conduct scientific studies of the health consequences of smoking.
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Ha, I had not read this before posting above – the Chinese math-teaching model I described is also bottom-up rather than top-down.
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Retired teacher: I have only a couple of years of private-high-school teaching under my belt. (For the last 20 yrs I’m a visiting special to PreK’s, so no collaboration w/anybody; hardly anybody’s teaching Spanish to PreK kids anyway!) In those first couple of years I was teaching all levels French, & I definitely got observation & helpful feedback from my supervisor– but never the opportunity to observe & learn from the Spanish, German or Latin/ Greek teachers. Basically I felt thrown out there on my own to develop best pedagogy by trial and error. My impression of public school-teaching was that there was even less time for supervisory observation/ feedback, & little collaboration w/other teachers at all.
I will say, in my kids’ elementary and middle schools there was team-teaching, so there must have been some good collaboration on curriculum. But did they really get to watch each other & learn new ways to do things, or at least have time to discuss methods at some point?
The professional model is appropriate for teaching, but I think there’s a flaw in its application. We only get mentoring during training. If you look at law and medicine, there is a period of years, as much as a decade early on where newbie practice is a collaborative effort led by a senior practitioner.
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Life as a Teacher in the Age of the Ed Deform Hamster Wheel
Many years ago, I got a degree in English from Indiana University (Phi Beta Kappa, with High Honors) and completed the education requirements, including student teaching, to get my certification to teach English in that state. I also took the Graduate Record Examination in English and received a perfect score on this. I was awarded a “Lifetime Certificate” to teach English in Grades 6-12. I taught high-school English for three years. When I started a family, the pay simply wasn’t enough, so I took a job in educational publishing. In the course of a 25-year career in educational publishing, I planned, wrote, and edited over 50 highly successful textbooks and online instructional programs in reading, 6-12 literature, grammar and composition, and African-American literature. I also wrote a widely used book on writing the research paper, designed standardized tests, and wrote tests in ELA for many of the large textbook houses. I worked for a while as educational director for a major foundation and ended my publishing career as Executive Vice President for Development at one of the country’s largest textbook houses. At one time, it was almost impossible to find a K-12 English program, anywhere in the country, that wasn’t using one or more of my books. Throughout my career, I immersed myself in studies in my field. When I wasn’t working at my job, I was studying linguistics, rhetoric, literature and literary criticism, prosody, stylistics, educational statistics, assessment theory, the cognitive psychology of learning, pedagogical approaches, the history of education, and so on.
Then, at the end of my career, I decided that I wanted to go back to teaching, my first love, for a few years. I had spent a lifetime designing, writing, and editing materials for teachers, and deepening my knowledge of my subject, and I wanted to finish my working life sharing the accumulated knowledge of that lifetime with kids in class. So, I decided to renew my certification, in Florida this time, and go back into the classroom. Little did I know the insane hurdles I would have to go through to make this happen.
In order to get my certification in Florida, I had to pay $750 to Pearson and take seven different tests:
General Knowledge Test, Essay
General Knowledge Test, English Language Skills
General Knowledge Test, Reading
General Knowledge Test, Mathematics
Professional Education Test
English 6-12 Test, Multiple Choice
English 6-12 Test, Written
The Professional Education Test, in particular, was an obscenity. Basically, it was written from the point of Ed Deformers, and to get a good score on it, I had to adopt the Ed Deform point of view and pretend that the Common Core wasn’t a puerile joke and that standardized testing in ELA wasn’t an unreliable, invalid scam. I did that and passed. The reading test was also a complete joke. The questions were so poorly written that one had to choose the answer that the test preparer thought was correct, not one that actually made sense, if there was such a thing.
Then I had to complete 400 pages of documentation, over the course of a year, as part of something called the TIP program, that contained samples from my teaching showing various kinds of compliance (that I diversified my instruction, that my instructional appealed to multiple intelligences, that I used ESOL strategies, that I analyzed my students’ data, and so on. An enormous amount of busy work.
I also had to complete 300 hours of online ESOL instruction. The instructional materials were riddled with errors in grammar, usage, mechanics, sense, and fact and appeared to have been put together by remedial students with no education in linguistics or in English. In my responses to the materials, I took to writing long lists of the errors in grammar and usage and fact in the instructional materials. They passed me anyway. All this busywork taught me nothing that I didn’t already know. 300 hours! Mind you, in most undergraduate programs, 60 hours of instruction is sufficient to graduate with a major in a given subject.
I also had to complete a number of state-mandated “trainings” (roll over, sit up, good boy) on gangs, drugs, medical emergencies, and much else, from which, again, I learned nothing that wasn’t common knowledge.
Twice a year, I had to complete a lengthy Individualized Professional Development Plan, an inane, useless exercise in educational gobbledygook and bs.
I was required to sit through countless “professional development trainings” (roll over, sit up, good boy) of such mind-numbing stupidity that one would have thought the presenters were talking to second graders about My Little Ponies.
I was required to submit Byzantine two-page lesson plans for every class that I taught and to have a copy of these plans available for inspection at all times. One year, I had five preparations and had to prepare 15 of these (30 pages total) every week.
Each day, I had to write on one of my whiteboards, for every lesson, for every class, an enormous amount of material that included bellwork, student outcome, vocabulary, higher-order thinking skills addressed, an essential question, and homework. This alone took between half an hour and 45 minutes each day. In the year when I had five preps, I had to use two whiteboards for this.
I had to submit to three separate formal evaluations and countless informal pop-in evaluations every year, each involving a lot of paperwork. (In my nonteaching career, I always had one formal evaluation per year.)
I had to maintain and regularly update a student “data wall” in my classroom.
I had to update, weekly, a “word wall” in my classroom.
Half of my students had IEP plans, 504 plans, gifted student plans, ESOL plans, or PMPs, and I had to do regular reporting on all of these and to keep an enormous binder of all this material. I also had to attend parent meetings on all these.
I had to maintain a separate binder with paperwork related to every parent contact and yet another binder with paperwork related to any student disciplinary action—even something as minor as marking a student tardy.
I had to keep both a paper gradebook and an online gradebook and post at least two grades for every student every week. In addition, I had to record attendance for every class on paper and online.
I was required to proctor standardized tests and do daily car line duty at no additional pay. (When I taught years earlier, car line was handled by people hired and paid for this purpose.)
All of this was an enormous waste of time, effort, and money. Almost none of it had any positive effects, and the opportunity cost, in terms of time taken from actually doing my job, was enormous. When I taught years before, almost none of this was required, the teachers were no worse, and the kids didn’t learn any less.
The other thing that had changed since I taught years ago was the general attitude that was taken toward teachers. When I taught at the beginning of my career, teachers had a great deal of autonomy in choosing their materials and in planning their classes. Today, they are treated as children, not as professionals, and are continually micromanaged.
Basically, in the job as it exists today, I spent so much time doing administrative crap that I had very little time left over for doing my job. I literally spend all day, every Saturday and Sunday, simply completing paperwork. And somewhere in all this I was supposed to do grading. I taught 7 classes, with an average of about 28 students in each. If I assigned a single five-paragraph them, I would have 980 paragraphs to read and comment on—roughly two large novels’ worth of material.
So how did we get to this place? Well, I suppose that over the years, every time some person at the district or state office got a bright idea for improving teaching, it was implemented, and the requirements kept being piled on until they became literally insane. Hey, you know, we’ve got this state program that provides teachers with $70 a year for buying supplies, but we’re not doing a very good job of tracking that, so let’s create a weekly “Whiteboard Marker Usage and Accountability Report (WMUAR). It will only take a few minutes for a teacher to prepare. Great idea! You know how these teachers are. They will just run through markers like crazy unless you monitor this.
In the teacher’s bathrooms in my school, there were literally posted instructions on how to use the toilet. You know how teachers are, they can’t use the toilet properly without instruction in flushing.
Interestingly, NONE of this crap had anything to do with whether I actually knew the subject that I was teaching. Oh, I forgot. I also had twice-yearly “evaluations” by the District Reading Coordinator. This person approved the novels that we were allowed to teach. She thought that “classical literature” was anything considered a classic and that The Odyssey was a novel. So, one had to deal continually with such people—ones who were profoundly ignorant but a) made the major curricular decisions, b) did evaluations, and c) treated teachers in a profoundly patronizing and condescending manner.
Yes, we need professional standards. But these should start with teacher and administrator training programs requiring that these folks demonstrate, via studies outside those programs, mastery of the materials that they are going to be teaching or that are taught by those whom they manage. A person overseeing English teachers ought to know something about literature, grammar, and so on.
Theodore Roosevelt once said that the secret to getting something done is to hire someone who knows how to do it and then get the hell out of his or her way. The best publishing manager I ever worked under, a fellow with the altogether appropriate name of Bill Grace, once told his assembled employees, “I’m a successful guy. And I’m going to tell you the secret to my success. I hire people who are smarter than I am and leave them alone to do their jobs.”
We need a lot more of that.
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I realize, having written this, that I left out a LOT of the required busywork. The data chats. The quarterly data analysis reports. And much more.
When I taught at the beginning of my career, the English teachers would get together once a week and talk with one another about what was working and what wasn’t, and they would decide, together, what textbooks they were going to use and what novels and plays they were going to teach and what assessment instruments they were going to use. And they would share materials and tips and war stories and discoveries and lesson plans and much else. And the administrators would say, “Don’t look at me. I’m not an English teacher. Go ask the Department Chairperson. Or go ask Mr. Shepherd–the’s the American lit guy.”
That’s as it should be. Flash forward 25 years. The English teachers would get together once a week and the Department Chairperson would read the weekly list of requirements drawn up by the administration.
What had been a bottom-up program of continuous improvement run by professionals had become a program of top-down mandates by people who were basically clueless about the teaching of English but knew very, very well, all the district and state requirements.
When you treat people like nonprofessionals, that’s what you get.
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Which is exactly why many “evaluation” systems are calibrated to jettison old folks. Can’t have professionals knowing stuff, as they might try to share their wisdom.
Another role we used to play was the induction of new teachers into the profession, lending an ear of support or handing over the tissues at the end of a tough day. The reformsters would rather have the young ones learn compliance from a video, exalting Relay’s spurious “best practices”.
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Exactly, Christine! Administrators today want people who will do precisely what they are told and nothing else. It’s sickening. It’s not fair to blind people to call this the blind leading the blind, but . . . .
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your posts are wonderful. I experienced the same things. It was up to me to put it all together.. THAT was what was expected when a PROFESSIONAL WAS HIRED.
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Beautifully rendered, Bob. I know we’ve talked about them before, but it’s rare to see them laid out like this.
And the mindless, time-wasting routines you describe? Well, they sound familiar….
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Your willingness to submit to such inane, micromanaging shows that you have the ability to persevere in the face of stupidity. I also live in Florida, and I know teachers are leaving in droves probably due to a lot of what you describe. We need to cast out the data mongers and bean counters. Teachers need less bureaucracy and more freedom to teach their students as that is what truly matters.
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Well, I tried my best to teach English despite all this nonsense. But I do understand why good teachers are quitting in droves. Imagine that you hired a cleaning service for your business and then followed its employees around and told them, “No, move the cleaning rag like this. No, mix the mopping solution like that.” This would drive the cleaners crazy, and they would resent the job and do it poorly.
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“I hire people who are smarter than I am and leave them alone to do their jobs.”
Your quote from your employer was almost verbatim from my first principal. He was a man who built the reputation of our little rural school. Our students would come back from college talking of sitting in easy classes surrounded by students with bewildered expressions. When I first started teaching, I would regularly draw up lengthy proposals for the development of some program or another at school, seeing some of my ideas considered and other implemented.
In the intervening years, I have worked for some good people, and I feel fortunate in that regard. But nobody ever got me to work as hard as I did under the first guy, because I owned the job, I bought into it. If reformers want to really create reform, they will instigate programs that will do this.
Incidentally, a retired teacher in another school recounted the same experience. Trusting people and letting them do their job has dividends beyond research.
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Beautifully said, Roy. This is how you get excellence in teaching. You allow people the necessary autonomy.
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When people work under conditions of autonomy, they rise to the occasion. When they are micromanaged, they hate and resent their work and do a terrible job of it. This is one of the ways in which Ed Deform works against human nature and was therefore doomed to fail from the start.
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Bob, this could and should be a prominently-figured article in the New York Times and other major newspapers.
I’d really like to know from other posters here: is this just Florida? Or is this your recent experience teaching public school in your state?
I cannot say, having avoided bureaucracy all my teaching life, as a French teacher for two years in a small private high school long ago, & for the past 18yrs delivering my own Spanish for tots program as a special to regional PreK’s.
In between I had a career in procurement for a power plant engrg/constr corp. My years there were just at the start of digital influence on project construction. Until the early ‘70’s, routine actions were initiated with forms (in triplicate+)–but there weren’t that many of them– and much synchronization on a project was accomplished via multidisciplinary meetings at the mgt level followed by communications down the chain. I started at the beginning of “matrix mgt”: project admin ballooned w/bean-counters and their huge fold-out “project progress” printouts that had to be updated weekly.
Although this was a male-dominated field, I moved up quickly mainly because I had the same attitude Bob notes here. I was not interested in ambitious Bus Mgt BS newbies. Not for me the downsized power-plant proc types who just arrived from elsewhere. I cultivated relationships w/diamonds in the rough– w/o college but w/long procurement experience, especially those who just got laid off from the cut-throat chemical plant biz—they knew NYC/ NJ procurement & how to get things done.
All I had to do was the pc paperwork & the high-class smooth-talk that greased the wheels of project mgt. They could do their thing, & loved me for valuing their skills.
Public school adminimals should be doing exactly the same thing if they want to build a team of great teachers.
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Here is LA… chronicled by a brilliant teacher, Lenny Isenberg, who has fought for 2 decades! If you have never gone to PERDAILY.COM, maybe you should do so now. http://www.perdaily.com With 15,880 systems in 50 states it was easy to keep this CRIMINALITY hidden. Lenny’s site addressed the plight of teachers. ( like that of Karen Horwitz http://endteacherabuse.org/ )
For your perusal and astonishment (as this was OUT THERE FOR EVER) here is but a few of the links from Perdaily, that tell the story of the ASSAULT ON THE TEACHERS in
LAUSD — that swamp of corruption THAT YOU ARE STILL READING ABOUT TODAY) where Lenny Isenberg chronicled the ploy in the plot –which is all about money! http://www.perdaily.com/2014/06/lausds-treacherous-road-from-reed-to-vergara–its-never-been-about-students-just-money.html
Hundreds of thousands of teachers in LA (the second largest district in America) were sent packing on fabricated charges: http://www.perdaily.com/2014/03/lausd-and-utla-collude-to-end-collective-bargaining-and-civil-rights-for-teachers-part-2.html
and Lenny Isenberg asked:
http://www.perdaily.com/2015/01/were-you-terminated-or-forced-to-retire-from-lausd-based-on-fabricated-charges.html
…as the fake news talked about those bad teachers.
http://www.perdaily.com/2014/03/have-reporters-become-poli-ticks–the-media-parasites-of-the-body-politic.html
How could this have happened?
http://www.perdaily.com/2014/07/former-ctc-attorney-kathleen-carroll-lays-out-unholy-alliance-between-union-and-public-education-pri.html
in protection the teacher’s civil rights.! http://www.perdaily.com/2014/03/lausd-continues-to-target-teachers.html
One year, LAUSD emptied the schools. 10,000 teachers charged…ALL fired!
Here is what happened to the brilliant, genuine, teacher, Lenny Isenberg. for blowing the whistle on Social promotion! The ignominy! http://www.perdaily.com/2014/07/social-promotion–lausds-prime-mover-for-continued-and-predictable-student-failure–do-they-really-w.html
Knowing Lenny, and reading Perdaily for over a decade, it always stuns me when I read about the big ‘surprise’ that authentic teacher-practitioners (I.e. genuine professional pedagogues) are gone, and being replaced by trained employees.
This is why Karen Horwitz wanted to explain, in her book, how the lines were crossed and the RULE of LAW ceased to exist for teachers. I look forward to the release of her edited “White Chalk Crime!” http://www.whitechalkcrime.com
Now, we authentic, professional teachers need to tell the public the truth about THE REAL WAR ON TEACHERS, so that they will INSIST ONing bring back genuine professionals to the INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
No hospital succeeds if a trained medic replaces genuine physicains! No school enables and facilities LEARNING if the staff has no idea how the brain acquires skills, and uses the ‘business’ scripts in their classrooms. Online learning>LOL! hahahaha!
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Boston’s superintendent Tommy Chang, a Broad supernintendo, resigned under a cloud and two weeks later, his replacement. Laura Perille was announced by the mayor. Perille holds a BA from Brown in International Relations and lacks any educational experience whatsoever. (On her intro tour, it was touted that she brought a “unique lens” to the table – her two children had attended Boston schools.) Her previous position was as CEO of EdVestors, which is exactly what it sounds like.
Massachusetts has quite strict credentialing for the position of a school superintendent, but it was waived and Perille was allowed to substitute her experience running an umbrella group for hedge funders for experience in any teaching/ supervisory capacity.
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Finland offers the best description/definition for an educator who is also a teacher.
The United States is moving in the opposite direction into a swamp filled with diseases.
Finland also does not have a publicly funded, opaque, private sector corporate charter school industry riddled with fraud and supported with lying, misleading propaganda.
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I’m just chuckling after reading this and the comments and remembering how I was taken to task a couple of weeks ago for saying that even though AOC may be very good for/on education she isn’t an educator 🙂
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I wish I could have Nancy’s faith in our education schools. I would be interested to hear concrete, specific positive things teachers here got out of their education school programs, since I feel that most of what I received from my program was worthless or harmful to my teaching practice. I’m all for professionalizing the profession, but I don’t think we’re doing it correctly now.
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Here is a snapshot of the education program I went through to earn my teaching credential in California.
I went through a year-long program out of Cal Poly Pomona. It was called an urban residency.
I had to take classes in education and also was placed full time in a 5th-grade master teacher’s classroom. When I say full time, that means I worked in her classroom under her guidance for an entire school year from the first bell to the last bell and took my classes in the later afternoons and during the two summers that were part of that urban residency.
Dana Goldstein reviewed teacher training programs in her book “The Teacher Wars” A History of America’s Most Embattled Profession.” She covered TFA’s teacher training program to urban residencies and determined that TFA was the worst and Urban residencies were the best. I think that was in Chapter 10.
But urban residencies turn out the smallest number of teachers in the U.S. compared to all the lesser programs and TFA does the most damage. After five years, more than 80-percent of teachers who went through urban residencies were still teaching. No other teacher training program had these results.
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I agree Lloyd. I suggested that with the teachers who claim they never learned how to teach reading. Did they attend for-profit schools? Online? It raises many questions. Teachers and their ed schools are under attack and programs like Relay Graduate School, TFA, and the like want to be superior. Thank you for sharing your positive experience. It matters. And you are right about it being easy to make claims without naming names.
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Recently, I was teaching in a high school, and a directive came down from our administrators that final exams were to be graded on a curve. In a meeting with the other English teachers in my department, I found that none of them had learned in their teacher prep programs how to do the fairly simple calculation necessary to standardize test scores, so I taught them how to do that. It seems to me that that is something that might be useful (and illuminating) to learn in a teacher prep program. Here are a few other things that I think it is valuable for future English teachers to learn in a teacher certification program, in addition to the content that they learn in their English classes, which should be primary. This list is not intended to be comprehensive but suggestive of what might be included in a high-quality program. A few items on this list might be taught not by ed school profs but, rather, be requirements for coursework in other departments.
How to use standard editorial symbols to mark a manuscript
Methods, types, and limitations of educational measurement (summative, diagnostic, and formative assessment; criterion-referenced versus norm-referenced assessment)
Basic educational statistics
The cognitive psychology of motivation; theories of psychosocial development; the CANOE/OCEAN model of personality; Haidt’s moral foundations theory)
Heuristics for writing exam questions of various types
Portfolio and rubrics methods for grading student writing
Elementary transformational/generative syntax and the cognitive psychology of language acquisition, with emphasis on how people acquire vocabulary and syntactic competence
Methods and limitations of readability analysis
A toolkit of pedagogical approaches and thinking techniques (advanced organizer techniques and concept mapping using graphic organizers such as comparison-contrast charts, story maps, flow charts, fishbone diagrams, SIPOC charts, sentence diagrams, tree diagrams, Venn diagrams, lists, etc; counterfactual critique; heuristics for collaborative project work; methods of critiquing traditional binary structural categories; dialectical analysis; methods of definition, including ostensive definition, definition by synonym or antonym, definition by genesis or etiology, operational definition in terms of a set of actions or behaviors; essentialist analysis/Aristotelian categorization; thought experiments; types of inference (deductive, inductive, abductive); heuristics for nonalgorithmic problem solving, such as making lists, creating models or pictures, working backward, solving a simpler but related problem, means-ends analysis, trial and error, reduction ad absurdum; practical techniques for analysis; hypothetico-deductive method and falsification; mnemotics such as acronyms and the method of loci; programmed learning technique; the Socratic Method; spiraling; stages of learning—instruction, rehearsal, and transfer)
Approaches to literary works/critical approaches (agonistic criticism, anti-interpreative criticism, archetypal criticism, author’s intention, biographical criticism, colonial and post-colonial studies, deconstruction, didactic criticism, Euhemerism, evolutionary criticism, feminist criticism, formalism, Freudian criticism, the hermeneutic circle, historicism, interpretive communities, intertexual analysis, Marxist criticism, mimetic criticism, New Criticism, New Historicism, paradigmatic analysis, philological criticism, reader-response criticism, structuralism, syntagmatic analysis, textual criticism)
Phonics
Prosody
Rhetorical techniques and tropes
Logical fallacies
The elements of speech (pitch and intonation, stress, length, rhythm, pace, volume, timbre, articulation, enunciation, diction, respiration, facial expression, eye contact, gesture, stance, posture, proximity, heightening, expectedness, pauses, movement, register, dialect, appearance, Kairos/rhetorical context, paralinguistic vocalization, body language)
History of education
Teaching, the law, and the regulatory environment
Heuristics for classroom management
Educational sociology, politics, and economics
Sentence-combining and mapping techniques
Techniques for note-taking
Components of print and online educational materials and methods for evaluating and critiquing these
Formal characteristics of/blueprints for writing in various genres, with emphasis upon operational specification of writing based on these characteristics (e.g., here are the characteristics and elements of a fable or a press release so you can write one yourself)
I think that a future English teacher with a decent command of the material above would be well-positioned to start learning the job.
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But let me emphasize again that a primary requirement of a future English teacher should be that he or she has acquired a great deal of content knowledge–knowledge of grammar, usage, mechanics, literature, theatre, media, documentation formats, etc.–and has demonstrated competence in speech and writing
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And, ofc, all future teachers need lots of experience with mentored practice teaching
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I did not obtain teaching certification as an undergrad, although I could easily have done so. I was a Rom Lit major at Cornell, & spent every available credit hour on French and Spanish language & lit [plus German!] I’d taken core courses in Psych and Child Devpt — NYS certification was just another 12 credit-hours plus practice teaching.
I was a picky kid & selected the 6 cred-hrs I liked (Ling 101, plus a course in pedagogical methods for foreign language-teaching). A very kind professor – a local like me [who had actually been a teacher of mine in jrhi & srhi as well as in my most demanding comp/grammar college courses]—buttonholed me & signed me up for a semester of adult ed French at the high school—otherwise I’d have gotten no practice teaching at all.
I just didn’t like the looks of those other two ed courses & heard nothing but bad stuff about them. Plus I was deathly afraid of public-school bureaucracy. Chose instead a couple of grad-level courses available from the best French profs.
Well, those were the days—pre-women’s movement; figured I’d be raising a family anyway. All of a sudden jr yr, realized I’d have to
(gasp) work, & my fave subject led only to teaching. But I still wasn’t thinking “career”, just what I could manage, being who I was.
Fortunately for me, the private school I landed in had minimal bureaucracy, & an excellent For-Lang Dept Head who took me under his wing; classes were small, the student caliber high.
Just based on my own experience, I’m going to say the best improvement to teacher-training would be a longer mentored practice-teaching period – something like what Lloyd describes. Bob though I admire & respect your background, many of your bullet-points are part-&-parcel of a well-rounded classics education, & many others (e.g. the fine points of assessments) seem more appropriate to higher degrees for dept heads & admins, who can share such knowledge w/teachers. A teacher cannot be expected to arrive with all that, & would not have to if the profession as practiced included collaboration and mentoring.
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The ELA teacher who does not arrive with the stuff on my list is not prepared to do the job.
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I put into that list what I would include if I were designing an ELA teacher prep program from scratch. I think it’s a doable list and that teachers would benefit enormously from such a course of study.
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In addition, here are four key concepts that I would like to see every future K-12 English teacher learn:
The difference between descriptive and procedural knowledge
The difference between acquisition and learning
The relative pedagogical value of diagnostic and formative assessment and lack of value of summative assessment
The necessity of operationalizing instruction on concepts (turning them into concrete operations that can be carried out)
The importance of syntactic competence and knowledge to reading comprehension
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One more:
The facts that extrinsic punishment and reward are DEMOTIVATING for cognitive tasks and that our goal must be to develop intrinsic motivation that will produce self-directed, life-long learners
I would also like to add to the above list wide-ranging familiarity with classic literature (the canon) and with YA literature–a future English teacher should have read widely in both.
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I attended Central Mich. Univ. in the early 70s. I received thorough preparation to teach students with emot. difficulties (Major) and elem. ed. (Minor). Coursework surrounded psychology and how to teach reading and much more. I student taught in both areas for a considerable length of time. I later went to Univ. of N. FL for work on a master’s degree in learning disabilities. It was a new school then but it prepared me well. I taught during the day and attended school in the evenings. It was personally a tremendous learning exp., so much so I couldn’t wait to go on to get a PhD! These were good public universities with rigorous prep programs. I do not understand where teachers went to school during that time, and why their programs were worthless as you say. I wonder where that school was and why if failed. I also worry about the current state of ed. schools with corporate programs like edTPA.
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I think Ponderosa should name the university or college (with address) where he/she earned his/her teaching credential. It is too easy for one individual to write a general statement and criticize an entire country when their perception is severely limited in scope. MAGA man (Moscow’s Agent Governing America) does this sort of insanity all the time every day – judges without any evidence all based on something he heard from his favorite lying talking head on TV or the radio.
For instance, there are 2,424 colleges and universities that offer teacher training programs. Nancy, you had a good experience learning how to become a professional teacher and so did I. I want Ponderosa to explain how he can judge all of these colleges and universities and find them all inadequate based on his extremely limited experiences in teaching or not teaching.
“Teacher Preparation School Facts”
I copied and pasted this from a Website called “Teacher Certification Degrees.”
“It you are interested in a career in which you can make a difference in the lives of children and adults alike, helping them to reach their full potential, then teaching might be right for you. Teachers are often creative, enjoy variety, strive to inspire others, and feel passionate about the subject and/or the students they teach. Whether your ultimate goal is to be a high school political science teacher, a music teacher, an 18th-century literature professor, a preschool teacher, a special education teacher, or a school librarian, the first step is almost always to choose a school.”
https://www.teachercertificationdegrees.com/schools/
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Lloyd, I do understand where Ponderosa is coming from. There are far too many education programs where kids are taught to swallow, hook, line, and sinker, the Ed Deform agenda or are taught ill-defined, vague inanities (have students find the main idea, have them activate their prior knowledge, have them use inferencing) or are taught not to teach “mere facts” but to concentrate on vague, abstract “skills” instruction. It would be a very good thing for education generally if people in ed schools would stop using the term “skills” altogether and substitute the term “procedural knowledge,” which would encourage them to be concrete and to operationalize instruction. And there are far too many programs that denigrate the “sage on the stage” despite the fact that education has always been about people in an older generation passing on to people in a younger generation that which they know and consider important–that is,about the transmission of cultural attainment.
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The fact, Lloyd, that David Coleman’s puerile bullet list of vague, abstract, poorly defined, and often completely random skills–the CC$$ in ELA–wasn’t immediately laughed off the national stage by teachers, administrators, and ELA teacher “trainers” is a pretty damning indictment of the current state of instruction of English teachers. Better educated people would have found these ridiculous.
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Ms. Bailey, I, too, benefited from an excellent teacher prep program at Indiana University–one jointly developed by English professor Donald Gray and Education professor Mike Flanagan. We got lots of practice teaching, superb instruction in methods, decent instruction in educational measurement, a healthy dose of instruction on the practical realities of teaching environments, instruction in cultural sensitivities, and a lot of coursework in English grammar and literature. I am very grateful to these men and to my superb methods prof, Vernon Smith.
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I put a version of these comments on my blog site, Ponderosa, in case you are interested. Here: https://bobshepherdonline.wordpress.com/2019/04/09/what-should-be-taught-in-an-english-teacher-preparation-program/
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Thanks, Bob. I will take a look (and read your comments above carefully too –I’m too busy at the moment).
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And thank you, Ponderosa, from the the depths of my heart, for your tireless advocacy on behalf of knowledge-based curricula!!!
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Skip the notes above and have a look at the blog post, if you will, when you have the time. Good luck with your workload!!!
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I have always heard good things about Indiana University. Thanks for telling about it.
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