Alyson Klein wrote a useful overview of emerging critiques of our national obsession with standardized testing. As Marc Tucker points out, we are likely the only country that tests every child every year. As Daniel Koretz says in the article in Education Week, human judgement should be part of any consequential decision about school quality.
More to the point, and she doesn’t mention this, our massive spending on standardized tests has brought diminishing returns. How many more years will we wait before policymakers and legislators conclude that the Testing Charade (Koretz’s term) has exhausted its value and has become a costly burden?
Because she writes as a journalist, not an expert, she includes contrary views from spokesmen for assessment corporations who make a living selling the same old tests, the more the better for the bottom line.
She begins:
It’s a spring ritual: Every year in the U.S., millions of schoolchildren take annual, standardized state tests to get a sense of how well their states, districts, schools, and even teachers are helping them learn.
Another sampling of students take the National Assessment of Educational Progress—or NAEP, better known as the Nation’s Report Card. Those results, released periodically, fill in the gaps to show how students in a particular state are performing relative to their peers.
That’s how accountability and assessment have worked in the United States at least since the advent of the No Child Left Behind Act back in 2002 and continuing with its replacement, the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015.
And in fact, NAEP and Advanced Placement tests are prime components of Quality Counts’s Achievement Index, which grades and ranks states in this politically fraught category.
The United States is unique among countries in subjecting students so often to standardized tests, but as testing experts note, the resulting deluge of data comes with significant trade-offs on exam quality. And despite a few innovations under ESSA, plenty of them also wonder whether the road-not-taken might have produced a more nuanced and useful, if less frequent trove of information.
Testing every student every year is a costly prospect, said Marc Tucker, the president and CEO of the National Center on Education and the Economy, a research and policy organization in Washington. Tucker’s research has focused on the policies and practices of the countries with the best education systems.
And the expense means that the tests are often lower quality than tests used in other countries, and a poor gauge of the higher-order critical thinking skills that students need in college, the workforce, and life, he added.
We’ve made it virtually impossible to have the quality of tests that other nations that are far ahead of us are using to determine how well their own kids are doing,” Tucker said. “So what we’ve done is to deprive ourselves of tests that will enable us to measure the things that are the most important about whether or not are kids are going to be ready for what’s coming. That’s a very poor trade. A very poor trade.”
By contrast, very few of the highest-performing countries test students every year, Tucker said. And when they do test, they often use deeper assessments that include performance tasks or writing prompts, giving educators a richer understanding of what students know and are able to do.
Singapore, for example, outperforms the U.S. on international measures such as the Program for International Student Achievement, or PISA, in average reading, math, and science performance. It tests students only about three times in the course of their careers—once at the end of elementary school, once in middle school, and once in high school, Tucker said.”
Someone should calculate the billions spent on standardized testing over the past 20 years, and we could then imagine how that same money might have been used to improve the conditions in schools.
But then, the standardized testing industry has lobbyists, and the children don’t.

Reblogged this on David R. Taylor-Thoughts on Education.
LikeLike
Yes, and what if instead of focusing so much attention on misguided high-stakes assessment, we approached testing this way: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/05/01/what-if-we-approached-testing-this-way/?utm_term=.37f96cb43698
LikeLike
“I want to make the case for teachers and students learning from the work they are already doing.”
Good article.
LikeLike
The new tests and the “standards” on which they are based are, quite simply, demonstrably, a scam. They do not–by a long shot–validly and reliably measure what they purport to measure. And the cost in dollars is nothing compared to the opportunity costs (lost learning time, curricula distorted to mirror the absurd tests) and the psychological costs for the students and teachers and administrators.
LikeLike
¡Claro que sí señor!
LikeLiked by 1 person
You are, ofc, welcome to correct that! LOL.
LikeLike
What is “ofc”?
LikeLike
Testing is like finding the cure for cancer. Testing and cancer are not going away, there is so much money being made with cancer research and testing. Look at the CEO who just stepped down from Sloan Kettering Hospital, what a sham he was running.
Its all an economic racket, one more test, one more study, to research why the students are still below grade level. Lets face up to it, its a way to keep minorities and poor whites economically down. I would have more respect for these researchers, writers if the first sentence just acknowledges the racism involved in all American institution’s. If you don’t think that is the case, prove that it isn’t. Look at our corporations and who is working at the fast food joints and Bernie Sanders is correct, why doesn’t Jeff Bezos pay a living wage to the warehouse workers. How is it a white teacher can teach in the inner city with a degree in art vs reading and education and the researchers are not upset about that.
LikeLike
“I would have more respect for these researchers, writers if the first sentence just acknowledges the racism involved in all American institution’s. If you don’t think that is the case, prove that it isn’t.”
No, Beata, racism is involved in all American institutions. Are you saying that racism is involved in/extolled by such American institutions as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or, the Southern Poverty Law Center, or the American Civil Liberties Union?
Proof enough?
Contradicting “all” or “every” statements is very easy.
If I may leave you with a thought that needs further development that I wrote in response in a discussion I had about standardized testing and the erroneous conclusions drawn by “researchers” such as Bell and Hernstein:
The component of our human makeup (genetics)-skin pigmentation is so small, a fraction of everything human, in comparison to the many other genetic factors that go into being human and that make up both one’s physical and mental characteristics/being, that it shouldn’t be considered as any factor whatsoever. Bear with me as this is the first time I’m thinking and writing through this thought. How can something, skin tone/color, so far removed from the functioning of the brain, so utterly genetically unrelated to brain function be a determining factor in said functioning. It just doesn’t make any sense in my mind. Race, as a classifying category is so suspect to begin with. To make the statements that Murray and Hernstein and other make about supposed correlations between race and intelligence belies intelligent thought.”
Claiming racism is involved in almost everything as you do Beata, serves to (at least in my mind) help cement that racist ideology. Such a claim is easily dismissed as shown above and belies the progress, albeit certainly not enough or complete, that many have made possible.
LikeLike
Correction: “No, Beata, racism isn’t involved. . . ” Ay ay ay
LikeLike
It is my understanding from secondary sources that the biological difference in the DNA of human beings does not reach the threshold biologists require to designate an organism as a different race.
Like you, I have been giving this some thought. To is issue, especially in light of a near miss with a policeman a friend had the other day.
I am told by one of those DNA tests that I am 85% English. The rest is Celtic and Weatern European. But I was raised in a Scotts-Irish South that was culturally emerged in that dialect. Contact with a descendant of a Scotch Highlander in North Carolina made an impression on me. Friends who are about as African as I am English influenced me as well. When I talk, I sound much more like a southern Scott five generations removed than my good friend, Ralph, who grew up in London. So, regardless of my DNA, I am probably more affected by my linguistic surroundings than I am by my DNA.
All of which goes to the point. Regardless of appearance, the chief affect on people is their culture, which is far more complex than pigment. It is no less complex, I fear, for growing up in a culture of anti-intellectual attitudes or violence can make a person behave a certain way for life. But it is culture not DNA.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Exactly Roy!
LikeLike
Testing IS the cancer.
LikeLike
It is. Sorely metastasized.
LikeLike
No hay duda, SDP!
LikeLike
“Lets face up to it, its a way to keep minorities and poor whites economically down.”
Let’s not ignore the other 80% of kids who have also been suffering through these tests and the associated to-the-test teaching.
What you are talking about is only one of the side effects of testing, but certainly not the main motivation for them. It’s much more important to keep 95% of the population in line so they can readily join the obedient capitalist workforce.
LikeLike
Yes. This is stack rancking of the proles. Elite private schools don’t give these tests.
LikeLike
ranking. lol
LikeLike
All high schools stack and rank and always have. Overall GPA, class standing, valedictorians, salutatorians, and, of course, failing students so they do not graduate. If you want to condemn staking and ranking, go for the things that really impact students: teacher assigned grades.
In my state, along with many others, these standardized tests have no impact on student’s futures. The ONLY exams that matter to the student’s futures are the ones given by teachers.
LikeLike
The SAT and ACT don’t matter in Kansas? State tests don’t matter?
LikeLike
According to Education Week, there are only 12 states that require students pass a test to graduate from high school (Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, and Washington). Every state, however, stakes and ranks students based on teacher assigned grades.
If stacking and ranking students is evil, why not oppose the great evil of teacher assigned grades that happen in every state instead of just the small evil of stacking and ranking students based on state exams that happens in just a handful of states?
Link:https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/states-require-exam-to-graduate.html
The ACT and SAT scores provide a second stacking and ranking of students to supplement the primary stacking and ranking of students by teacher assigned grades. If you getting a second opinion about a medical diagnosis is a good idea, it seems to me that getting a second opinion about the stack and rank of a student is also a pretty good idea.
LikeLike
Every state is mandated by federal law to test every student from grades 3-8 in reading and math and again in high school. Students, teachers, and schools are evaluated in large part by test s ores. Did you know that?
LikeLike
And in almost ever state, that mandated testing has no impact on students. Can you say the same about teacher mandated testing?
LikeLike
I don’t know the situation in Kansas but in New York, the state tests are crucial for students, teachers, principals and schools.
LikeLike
“And in almost ever state, that mandated testing has no impact on students. ”
Huh? You think students enjoy taking those tests? Do you think they enjoy the fact that teachers teach to those tests, making classes boring and stressful? Do you think, they are thrilled that they will never see the result of those tests, or that they cannot discuss those tests anywhere with anybody?
LikeLike
teaching economist stated:
“If stacking and ranking students is evil, why not oppose the great evil of teacher assigned grades. . . ”
Some of us have been opposed to the grading of students for quite a long time.
And, yes, as a public school teacher I had to play that game. The thing is the students and I discussed just how bogus those grades are and I showed them exactly what to do to get the highest grade possible. Anyone who did all the work never got less than an “A” in my class, never.
“Oh, horrors of horrors, grade inflation!”
Perhaps if one believes in the validity of “grading students. I don’t, and never have. Even when I was a student, I had figured out it was a scam.
LikeLike
Dr. Ravitch,
I agree that New York is one of the 12 states that uses state mandated tests to stack and rank students in a meaningful way. It was one of the states in my list in the post above. The other 38 states do not. On the other hand, all 50 states use teacher assigned tests to stack and rank students.
Duane,
I do agree that with the inexplicable exception of tests like Woodcock-Johnson, the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals test, you do argue that tests, and teacher assigned grades are invalid. But you must admit yours is a minority opinion here.
LikeLike
There are federal laws that mandate annual testing grades 3-8.no State is immune. These scores are consequential for teachers and schools. Have you heard of No Child Left Behind? Race to the Top? ESSA?
LikeLike
TE,
Being in the minority in exposing the falsehoods, errors and invalidities involved in the standards and testing malpractice regime (rank stacking) and in the “grading” and labeling of students is a Quixotic Quest Badge of Honor that I proudly display (if you haven’t noticed-LOL!). And “around here” I’m not so sure that it is a “minority opinion”, but my stance certainly is in the broader society, no doubt.
Be that as it may, do I need to cite the many examples from history that those exposing falsehoods and decrying the erroneous beliefs of a given society at a given time end up being on the “right side” of history?
And yes, I’m that sure that my well-founded beliefs on those malpractices are correct. Whether enough protest and refusal to participate ever changes the current falsehoods and harmful malpractices is another question-probably not in my lifetime-so be it. I have no desire to include myself in with those who implement and sustain education malpractices.
LikeLike
Duane,
As a heterodox poster on this site, I certainly agree that being in the minority does not necessarily mean that you are wrong. My point was only that my perception is that the majority position of posters here is that 1) stack ranking by using scores on standardized tests is a great evil and 2) stack ranking by using scores on teacher constructed tests is a perfectly reasonable thing to do. Do you think I miss characterize the orthodox opinion of the blog?
Dr. Ravitch,
Federal law may mandate testing, but it does not mandate that the test results be used in a way that has any impact on the individual students taking the test. A small minority of states, including New York, do use statewide tests to determine who gets to graduate from high school. Contrast this to the impact that teacher constructed stacking and ranking have on a student’s life. In all 50 states, the teacher stack and rank determine who gets to graduate from high school. If a student goes on to post secondary education there are many colleges and universities that make the ACT and SAT optional, but none that I know of that make submission of a high school transcript and the resulting GPA optional. Do you know of any college or university that makes the submission of the teacher constructed stack and rank optional?
LikeLike
“2) stack ranking by using scores on teacher constructed tests is a perfectly reasonable thing to do.”
I doubt, this is how most people feel like that here.
LikeLike
I think the evil that seeped into education in the last two decades is the lack of teacher control in classrooms. Instead, third parties have started to take over: testing companies, politicians, business people: outsiders who think, capitalist ideas and methods work everywhere.
LikeLike
“but it does not mandate that the test results be used in a way that has any impact on the individual students taking the test.”
Why do you keep saying this? Anything that impacts teachers and schools will impact students.
Your remark is the a typical one from those who try to defend faulty and often outright fraudulent laws: “The law says nothing about blah blah blah” or “The law doesn’t make this and that mandatory….”
These federal laws work in two steps,
1) Enable states to do certain things (like standardized testing, Common Core).
2) Bribe the states to implement the things that were enabled in 1).
So yeah, state politicians are free to do what they want (which mostly means, take the bribe), but the schools, teachers and hence kids are not free to do as it would benefit them the most.
LikeLike
Any can have direct and indirect impact. You keep asserting that if there is no direct impact then there is no impact at all. “The law permitting oil drilling in Alaska doesn’t say, kill fish and polar bears”, which is a true statement, but the law results in killing those animals, so it does impact them.
Laws are like organs in a body: their functioning impacts all other laws. Laws are created and changed way too quickly (usually on purpose) so that lawmakers don’t have time to evaluate their impact on the whole “body”.
LikeLike
Mate,
First, when I see a post advocating that colleges and universities go high school transcript optional, I will believe that folks here are opposed to stacking and ranking students not matter who is doing the stacking and ranking.
Second, my posts are not about state level stacking and ranking in isolation. It is meant to compare stacking and ranking by state test vs. stacking and ranking by teacher assigned grades. As i posted long ago, 12 states do require a student to pass a state exam in order to graduate for high school. In the vast majority of states, state exams have no primary impact on students. In all 50 states, the teacher generated stacking and ranking has a direct effect on students.
Do you disagree that the teacher generated stacking and ranking has a huge impact on students in all 50 states?
LikeLike
“Do you disagree that the teacher generated stacking and ranking has a huge impact on students in all 50 states?”
I know that with this question, you want to change the subject to a kind of statistical comparison between various impacts.
But the issue is not statistical at all. It’s about trust: do I trust the professionals (teachers) with educating and evaluating my kids or the outsiders (testing companies) who have no personal relationship with my kids.
Before you ask: In my opinion, education is very personal, and those who believe in any kind of objective measurement of its effectiveness are nuts.
Getting rid off standardized tests is an emergency. Down the road, I do hope that grading will be replaced by a more meaningful, holistic evaluation system.
LikeLike
Mate,
In my experience, it is a good thing to get a second opinion. Do you want to just rely upon the math teacher’s grade or would it be better to supplement that grade with MAP, AMC, AIME, SAT, SAT Math, and AP BC calculus scores?
One important factor is that standardized test scores are not influenced by the obsequiousness of the student. Grades, because they are used as a means to control student behavior, are.
LikeLike
Standardized tests measure family income and education.
LikeLike
“Do you want to just rely upon the math teacher’s grade or would it be better to supplement that grade with MAP, AMC, AIME, SAT, SAT Math, and AP BC calculus scores?”
I doubt, you want to comprehend how absurd your suggestion sounds to me. Do you have general trust issues with professionals? When you want a second opinion on your health, do you take an online test, and based on your score do you decide whether you get tylenol or a heart transplant?
If I want a second opinion on my kids’ math abilities, I ask another math teacher, and it never ever occurs to me to consult SAT or ACT and other tests that measure only how fast kids can calculate and whip out meaningless answers, and which have no relationship whatsoever to math.
I do accept the fact that kids will like and study math more if they like the teacher, if the teacher has magnetic personality, if the teacher appears to care about the students. I also accept the fact that a teacher’s personality may influence a kid’s choice of a profession. And I’d be very suspicious if my child would tell me that she is going to be an engineer because she scored high on SAT’s math.
LikeLike
As do teacher assigned grades. Teacher assigned grades also measure race and gender. All the more reason to have multiple independent rank and stack measures.
LikeLike
Not true. Teacher assigned grades are not arrayed by family income and education because they are not normed on a bell curve as standardized tests are.
I suggest you read Daniel Koretz’s books, Measuring Up and The Testing Charade.
Be sure to read Todd Farley’s “Making the Grades.”
Nothing is “objective” about standardized tests. The questions are subjective and fraught with error. The answers are written by humans and often wrong.
Your faith in them is puzzling.
LikeLike
What evidence is there that student grades do not correlate with family income and education?
LikeLike
And let me suggest that you review the literature on racial and gender bias in public education. You have posted about racial and gender bias in school discipline and grade retention in the past, yet you argue that teacher assigned grades are a bias free zone? That would be miraculous.
LikeLike
Mate,
I’m Sorry TE has turned his bickering on you. He never stops quarreling. I’ve banned him twice before because he is always disagreeable
LikeLike
Thanks. I think, though, he doesn’t argue, debate, but simply writes for his audience who are not us. He is either hired or somebody like Glenn Reynolds https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=glenn+reynolds
LikeLike
He is a real professor at the University of Kansas. I think he has issues, which I don’t understand. He likes to pick quarrels. It gets tiresome very quickly.
LikeLike
So I wasn’t that far off. Reynolds is also a prof—but law prof.
LikeLike
Perhaps this would be helpful: https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/hsts_2009/race_gpa.aspx?tab_id=tab2&subtab_id=Tab_1
LikeLike
No, it’s not.
LikeLike
How can there be “diminishing returns” when there never were any returns to begin with? The issue is not overtesting, it’s testing period. Given all the known harms inherent in testing, there would have to be a powerful benefit to doing the testing to make it worth doing at all. We know, however, from Wilson, courtesy of Sr. Swacker, that there are no benefits to testing because the tests are inherently invalid. Therefore, get rid of the tests, not just reduce the frequency.
LikeLike
“Therefore, get rid of the tests, not just reduce the frequency.”
Exactly, Dienne, exactly!
Otherwise all we are doing is “Doing the Wrong Thing Righter”:
“The proliferation of educational standardized assessments, rubric based evaluations and canned programs like CBE or SLO belongs in the category of what systems theorist Russ Ackoff describes as “doing the wrong thing righter. The righter we do the wrong thing,” he explains, “the wronger we become. When we make a mistake doing the wrong thing and correct it, we become wronger. When we make a mistake doing the right thing and correct it, we become righter. Therefore, it is better to do the right thing wrong than the wrong thing right.”
LikeLike
“How can there be “diminishing returns” when there never were any returns to begin with? The issue is not overtesting, it’s testing period.”
I was about to say that when I read your post. The incalculably harmful thing we call testing has put public education at risk of collapse.
LikeLike
Indeed, there never were any returns from these state tests, except to, as Máté Wierdl, the leaders of the New Feudal Order who by such means fashion of compliant, servile service class.
LikeLike
Depends which returns one is talking about.
The return on investment for testing companies like Pearson clearly has been diminishing in recent years.
Sad, but true.
.
LikeLike
I weep for Pearson.
LikeLike
Like, dienne77.
LikeLike
“It’s a spring ritual: Every year in the U.S., millions of schoolchildren take annual, standardized state tests to get a sense of how well their states, districts, schools, and even teachers are helping them learn.”
No, the “schoolchildren” don’t take standardized tests for that reason. How absurd to propose that the students want or need to “get a sense of how well their states, districts. . . etc. . . . ” Utter nonsense. And she gets paid to write that crap? Very hard to continue reading after such an inauspicious beginning.
That the authorities falsely and unethically use a student test score to “get a sense” of supposed quality for those other things shows just how inane and absurd the whole process is. And very few involved even begin to question that false and unethical usage and basically consider such malpractice to be acceptable. Ay ay ay ay ay!!!!
“When will we learn, when will we ever learn?”
Never, I fear.
LikeLike
What is the purpose of this article when it is presented online with a huge ad for the EdWeek “Quality Counts” reports, replete with spurious metrics, including “prepared for success.”
I am not so much blaming a journalist who has a commitment to forward more than one viewpoint. I do question who this journalist chose to quote and whether she looked at EdWeek’s latest test centric and data-dependent Quality Counts reports.
In these reports, all of questionable data and stack ratings end in a single score or letter grade for the ENTIRE state.
The Quality Counts reports are the baby of Bill Gates. He is the major supporter of that aspect of Editorial Projects at EdWeek, and since 2005 has paid for “data quality campigns.” Th eEdWeek reports reflect the Microsoft billionaire’s love of data …and his pathetic vision of data-driven estimates of gap-closing (not possible with stack ranking), continuous improvement (never enough data), and a trademarked “Chance for Success Index” that seems to hold schools responsible for family income, parental education levels (and other factors).
The EdWeek Chance for Success Index is addressed to policymakers and it invites both doom saying and the self-fulfilling prophesy into rhetoric about education. The doomsaying goes about like this: Too bad for you kid, you go to school in a state where our proprietary formula shows you have a low chance of succeeding. The self-fulfilling prophesy shows up in the old saw that throwing more money at school won’t improvement them, or worse.
The aggrandizement of test results and data as if substitutes for sound and informed judgments must stop. it is bound to get worse unless parents unite with many others and do a takedown of this continuing “reign of error,” aptly named by the owner of this blog.
https://www.edweek.org/ew/qc/index.html
LikeLike
Ms. Champman, the Roman poet Juvenal wrote, “Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?” Which might be translated, “Who will oversee/guard against the overseers/guardians?” You and Diane, by far, do this the best. Thank you for your tireless work. Always a pleasure to read what you post.
LikeLike
Laura is a national treasure! No doubt!
Why we don’t listen to someone as astute as Laura is beyond my comprehension.
LikeLiked by 1 person
That she is, Señor Swacker!
LikeLike
“The aggrandizement of test results and data as if substitutes for sound and informed judgments must stop.” Great quotable quote, Laura.
To me, it represents a castigation of the soft sciences’ perennial attempt to garner for themselves the cachet of hard sciences. They do it by mimicking the hard science evidentiary process, all the while masking their fatal flaw– that they are ‘measuring’ the immeasurable, human behavior, which seems like the horizon to retreat ever further no matter how much we add to hard science about neurology & genetics. Practicality and common sense based on human observation of life experience still trumps [& predicts] soft-science study results… especially when humans of diverse cultures come together face-to-face to compare notes.
LikeLike
YES! Great explanation of the problems with the “social science” research methodology of attempting to “measure the Immeasurable”
Thanks!
(not that I wouldn’t expect any different, bethreefive. Thanks for all your comments!)
LikeLike
Aw shux. Back atcha.
LikeLike
OPT OUT of those stupid tests. Don’t let the deformers bully people into submission to become their serfs and slaves.
As far as I am concerned, all this deforms and testing is nothing short of “CHILD TRAFFICKING.”
We really need to name this for what it is…CHILD TRAFFICKING disguised.
LikeLike
Amen> I agree entirely.
LikeLike
oh, yes, keep on keepin’ on: lookin’ at you, NYS. Whatever peeling back of time involved – & mainstream press coverage which trickles down to voters nationwide, introducing doubts into their satisfaction w/’accountability’ — are thanks to that intelligent coastal elite whose opinion is LOUD: 1 in 5 Opt-Outs statewide! Kudos!
LikeLike
The greatest problem with tests isn’t the questionable quality of the tests or the ridiculous frequency and intrusiveness of annual testing; the real problem is the high stakes involved.
LikeLike
…w/o which we wouldn’t even HAVE annual stdzd tests.
LikeLike
LCT,
ALL OF THE ABOVE.
LikeLike
Yes, that’s what I meant.
LikeLike
Can’t agree LCT. Fundamentally speaking it is the obvious questionable quality. Without validity, the tests are shit!
LikeLike
Exactly, Duane. This is the biggest of the many big issues. The tests simply do not measure what they purport to measure. They are a scam, and very few people understand why, exactly, they are.
LikeLiked by 1 person
So glad to see the $money argument increasingly appearing in the press. This is the issue which can cause local voters who pay for all this to break w/their “representatives” whose position reflects campaign-coffer stuffers & lobbiers, not voters.
LikeLike