Blogger Audrey Watters is not impressed by billionaire Jeff Bezos’ plan to establish preschools.
“It’s like Amazon, but for preschool.”
Ominously, “the child will be the customer.”
The assurance that “the child will be the customer” underscores the belief – shared by many in and out of education reform and education technology – that education is simply a transaction: an individual’s decision-making in a “marketplace of ideas.” (There is no community, no public responsibility, no larger civic impulse for early childhood education here. It’s all about private schools offering private, individual benefits.)
This idea that “the child will be the customer” is, of course, also a nod to “personalized learning” as well, as is the invocation of a “Montessori-inspired” model. As the customer, the child will be tracked and analyzed, her preferences noted so as to make better recommendations to up-sell her on the most suitable products. And if nothing else, Montessori education in the United States is full of product recommendations.
There’s another piece to all this, not mentioned in Bezos’s note about building a chain of preschools that “use the same set of principles that have driven Amazon”: Amazon’s own labor practices. The online retail giant is a notoriously terrible place to work – the pay, particularly in the warehouses, is so low that many employees receive government assistance. The working conditions are dangerous and dehumanizing. “Amazon has patented a system that would put workers in a cage, on top of a robot,” read the headline in last week’s Seattle Times. And it’s not so great for the white collar workers either. “Nearly every person I worked with, I saw cry at their desk,” one employee in books marketing told The New York Times back in 2015.
The majority of the early childhood educators in the US are already very poorly paid; many preschools have incredibly high turnover rates. As research has demonstrated that preschool has a lasting positive effect on children’s educational attainment, there have been efforts to “raise the standards,” demanding for example that preschools be staffed by more qualified teachers. But that demand for more training and certification hasn’t brought with it better pay or benefits. The median pay for preschool teachers, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is less than $30,000 a year. Even those with Bachelor’s degrees earn only about $14.70 an hour, about half of the average wages for all those with the same level of education.
This is a field in which a third of employees already qualify for government assistance. And now Jeff Bezos, a man whose own workers also rely on these same anti-poverty programs, wants to step in – not as a taxpayer, oh no, but as a philanthropist. Honestly, he could have a more positive impact here by just giving those workers a raise. (Or, you know, by paying taxes.)
Bezos is not alone in eyeing the early education “market,” which has received quite a bit of attention from ed-tech investors in recent years. So far this year, three companies have raised venture capital to help people run preschools and childcare facilities in their homes: Wonderschool, WeeCare, and Procare Software. Last year, VCs poured millions into similar sorts of companies, including Tinkergarten, Sawyer, and Kinedu. Investors in these startups include some of the “big money” names in Silicon Valley: Omidyar Network, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, and Andreessen Horowitz, among others. (One of these companies, WeeCare, says it’s also planning to train and license childcare providers, and it wouldn’t surprise me to see the micro-certificate, online education, nanodegree folks also jump on this bandwagon. “Uber for Education” or something.)
She wonders whether we really want to turn early childhood education over to private providers. “Can the gig economy and the algorithm ever provide high quality preschool?”

Once again, a post is put out with a complete lack of background on the global impact investment space in pre-k. I really have to wonder why the engine driving the transformation of pre-k into a data-driven, human capital analytics machine keeps dropping out of the conversation. Any thoughts? If you don’t understand what the machine is, how can you stop it? Maybe some don’t want it actually stopped. Maybe some just want us to busy ourselves in generalized outrage. If you want to understand the roots of this development and get a picture of where this is headed you can read my piece: https://wrenchinthegears.com/2018/09/15/montessori-inc-pre-k-predictive-profiling-for-power-and-profit/
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You can make your comments without being insulting, Wrench in the Gears.
Are you implying that I am trying to maintain the fraud of transforming Pre-k into a “data-driven human capital analytics machine”? If you question my motives, don’t bother writing comments here anymore. Rule one on this blog is you don’t insult the host, me. If you don’t respect your allies, you won’t have any.
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Interesting that you would take this personally. I am responding to the fact that none of the posts about the Bezos situation I have encountered this far, and neither of those you have published, include any analysis of impact investing. I tweeted my post to you yesterday. Do you have thoughts as to why this aspect of the discussion is not being surfaced more widely?
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Yes, I took it personally because the response was directed to me and the post I wrote.
Manners matter to me. Civility among allies.
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I would like to discuss the substance of my comment, please. Why is it that so few are discussing social impact investing in the education space. I don’t expect you to speak for everyone, but I would be interested in your perspective. Is this something that is being discussed at the upcoming NPE conference, for example? And if not, why not?
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Wrench,
Did you offer to create a panel to discuss social impact investing at the NPE conferences? Most panels are the result of proposals from the field. If not, why not?
I am not an expert on the subject. You are. Why didn’t you request a panel?
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So it is not currently on the program then. Is that right? Because no one suggested it? Do you think it merits discussion in light of current developments around SIPPRA and the Investing in Opportunity Act? And more broadly, I would like your thoughts on this topic, outside the NPE conference. What is your prospective on the social impact investing machine Heckman and his crew have built for pre-k. Does that worry you at all?
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I have many issues that I care about. That’s one. Sorry you did not propose a panel for the NPE conference. Do it next year.
Why are you so hostile?
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Ok, if you have thoughts on Heckman, would love to hear them.
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I don’t like to be bullied. I react very badly to bullying. If you want to present at NPE, propose a panel. You have not even registered to attend. Honey catches more flies than vinegar.
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I respectfully asked for your opinion regarding use of the Heckman equation in ECE impact investing. As a fellow activist I was interested in your views on this important topic. But you are certainly within your rights to defer if for some reason you feel uncomfortable sharing them publicly.
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You are the expert on SIB and Heckman, not I.
I wrote about Heckman’s valuable research on the value of early childhood education.
I don’t approve of for-profit activities in education at any level–preK through graduate school, other than trade schools, which have historically operated for profit.
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So considerate of you to look up my conference registration status. Unfortunately, all of these breaking developments are keeping me rather busy researching and video-making these days. Though it is nice to have this online forum to participate in challenging discussions don’t you think?
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Have you ever attended an NPE conference? Your snarky responses keep you in moderation.
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I am unclear about your response. Given Heckman’s ties to JB Pritzker, Robert Dugger, and Angela Duckworth do you feel his early childhood research is being used to advance the interests of vulnerable children? And what to make of his association with Jackie Bezos given his robust lecture circuit promising a 7-13% return on investment annually to investors in pre-k. Do you think that is a good idea? I mean given the company that he is keeping?
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Alison, this is your issue. Run with it.
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If you need additional information to clarify your position on Heckman, I can direct you to a 2008 paper he co-authored with Angela Duckworth, Lex Borghans, and Bas ter Weel, “The Economics and Psychology of Personality Traits.” Excerpt below:
“They present evidence for Germany and the United States that the increased importance of people skills has affected the labor-market outcomes of blacks and women. They find that the relative employment of women is higher in occupations in which people tasks are more important in Britain, Germany and the United States. The reverse is true for racial, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic minorities in the United States. They also show that the rapid increase in the importance of people tasks over this time period helps explain the increase in women’s wages relative to men and the stagnation in wages of black workers relative to white workers.”
Yes, this is the individual working with Jeff Bezos’s mother on investments in pre-school for poor children. This is the person going around to most of the community foundations in the country promising a fixed rate of return mining the poverty of our country’s youngest, most vulnerable citizens.
So, my question to you is will we allow such people in positions of influence to perpetuate racist stereotypes and collaborate with the parents of billionaires to provide free preschool to black and brown children? Or will we call it out and say such a model is anathema? Will we allow such men to suggest, even jokingly, that organizations use incentives like pornography to encourage parents to sign their preschoolers up for gamified educational apps? Yes, Heckman suggested exactly this in a February 10, 2018 talk given at the University of Chicago with PBS Kids and UCLA CRESST analysts. You can watch the clip yourself here: https://ytcropper.com/cropped/cR5b3714100d69e
Transcript: “Heckman: (interjects) But what about a “build-a-child” game for the parent? You know? No, in other words you gamify it for the parent. You’re making the parent into some kind of wise educational administrator. They’re not. So you could even have pornography, I guess. Something that would entice them. I’m just, you know. Nah, sorry about pornography, but I’m just thinking how to motivate the parents.
Roberts: We need to innovate here. We need to use some psychology on parents. We need to meet them where they are. We need to use what they have, and we need to let them do…um so, yeah.”
Will we allow such people to call together research scientists from around the globe to discuss the development of online assessments of our children’s psychological traits? See his gathering “Measuring and Assessing Skills: Real Time Measurement of Cognition, Personality, and Behavior.” February 9-10, 2018 Center for the Economics of Human Development, University of Chicago.
I think you can see why I am so emphatic in my position that we cannot allow this model to go forward. We must call it out. We have a moral duty to call out the Bezos connection to Heckman, and we must make it known what Heckman and his affiliates represent. What they are doing is intolerable. Just because people have gotten away with it for decades doesn’t mean it can’t be stopped. It is our responsibility to stop it in its tracks. We have an obligation to do everything we can to bring this to an end. Now. I hope you would agree unconditionally with me on this.
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Wrench, the fantasized ‘Montessori Inc’ in your linked post is indeed frightening. The allusion to Montessori there as well as in the Watters post leave me wondering about Montessori PreK (which my 3 attended in the ’90’s). I still have ties to ours, & it has not changed.
I checked out the Wildflower Montessori you mention… The photos show old-school hands-on Montessori materials. I did catch a faint whiff of pyramid scheme, tho… None of the text suggests high-tech– except the expression ‘open-source’ — yet you state in comments section that Wildflower is putting IoT sensors in slippers, & your posted photo suggests these are being used to capture student behavior during circle activities. Please say it ain’t so. And are they being funded by social impact bonds? I’m aware of their use in Utah, & see online [search spurred by your post] to my chagrin that its use is spreading (spurred in part by $3million from Fed DofEd!)
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This is from the MIT Social Computing page about Wildflower: “Project: A Multi-Sensor Wearable Device for Analyzing Stress Response in Preschool Classrooms
Sepandar Kamvar
In this Project:
One of the fundamental goals of Montessori education is to create productive, stress-free educational environments for children. In addition to traditional methods of observation, we argue that teachers would benefit from tools that could provide supplemental data identifying stress responses in students using psychophysiological data. The child-suited wearable device we have designed incorporates sensors that track signs linked to emotional and sympathetic responses, such as heart rate variability and electro-dermal activity. Through these data points, teachers and parents can better understand the child’s emotional responses to activities and social interactions at school, and tailor programs to support wellbeing and stress reduction.”
Just because you have the technology to do something, doesn’t mean you should. And these parents are paying a lot for their children to attend these schools. Imagine the types of things they could do to children in poverty who are there on “scholarships.”
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A creepy window on what Bezos no doubt has in mind. “Personalized learning” for the pre-verbal/ literate via wearable iot devices transmitting physiological data! As tho Amazon had the neuro or child-devpt background to translate such info into ed goals/ achievement LOL – nor does anyone else, it’s a non-sequitur. But to datatech industry, everything looks like a nail in need of clever marketing.
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Actually, it’s much more than that. They spent the past decade building a global market that hinges on speculating on the human capital projections of low-income toddlers. It is horrific. Jeff’s mom is working with James Heckman. Please read this: https://wrenchinthegears.com/2018/06/10/heckman-and-pritzker-pitch-apps-as-poverty-solutions-yielding-a-13-return-on-investment/
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“And if nothing else, Montessori education in the United States is full of product recommendations.”
If that’s the case, then capitalism has dirtied-up the true Montessori principles, and the Montessori groups are “Montessori” no longer.
But also, I don’t know that recommending products HAS to be about getting a profit from them. It can be just their recognizing new and excellent tools to help children in their education. CBK
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I agree. My daughter attended a Montessori preschool over thirty years ago. The school was hands-on learning that encouraged the child to interact with the real world. I cannot understand how Montessori has been corrupted by GERM. It does not seem like a Montessori school if children are relegated to the two dimensional world of a screen instead of the constructivist pedagogy for which they are known.
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retired teacher My broader comment to hyper-capitalists (meaning: predatory capitalism, or zero-sum-game, is the ONLY framework from which to analyse ANYTHING–including wrench-in-the-gears tag) is this:
The more hyper-capitalism permeates the culture (as some think it has with Montessori schools in the US) as a singular and EXTREMELY LIMITED VIEWPOINT, the more attractive SOCIALISM becomes. This is especially true for those who haven’t experienced, or haven’t studied, how horrible socialist political systems can be and have been in actual history. Most people, especially younger people, are born with a fairness gene (so to speak); and predatory capitalism, especially when underpinned by all sorts of biases like racism, sexism, et al, at its core, unjust.
ranklin Roosevelts knew this and tried to make it clear to his wealthy opposers. Keep up killing the culture and the public education that supports democracy at its core–doesn’t matter: No amount of money or “education” guarantees moral, political, or spiritual excellence; and your snobbishness is a poorly-built “wall” that won’t save you from what’s coming down the political pike if democracy dies from your cancerous use of power. CBK
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Montessori schools are surely still good schools. Bezos isn’t ruining the concept, he’s stealing and twisting it. He’s just using the word Montessori to sell screen time. He’s mangling language as greedy “reformers” do. It’s just like ‘personalized instruction’. There’s never been and will never be a problem with personalizing learning by assigning an accelerated, independent research project to a GATE student, extra time and support on an assignment to a student with an IEP, or extra visual aids to an ELL. The problem is the theft of the word ‘personalized’ to mean more screen time paced by data algorithms.
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LeftCoastTeacher Yes–it’s insidious how “reformers” capture (steal) the language and then try to keep the good will that has built up around its original meaning (because trusting well-meaning people don’t recognize the change)–including “REFORM” and “REFORMERS”–while actually reforming the entire movement to their insidious meaning.
BTW, such capturing and retooling of well-known concepts is not only reminiscent of Orwellian double-speak, it’s a stated method of fascist thinkers (from H. Arendt–the Origins of Totlitarianism). CBK
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Maria Montessori must be turning over in her grave.
Montessori is all about movement, hands on experience and face to face human interaction.
You can’t get any of that online.
Bezos is a Bozo.
Why anyone would take that clown seriously on anything is a mystery. He started an online shopping center. Big whoop. That somehow makes him an Einstein worthy of our attention?
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To quote Fiddler on the Roof, “When you’re rich, they think you really know.”
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Diane Talk about RICH. That movie is rich in the REAL sense. CBK
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So, you don‘t know about AWS Data lakes People would be naive to discount Bezos‘s power.
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SomeDAM Poet Money not only talks, it GETS to talk. CBK
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I’m surprised the Montessori organization is not all over Bozos use of their name to push his agenda.
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Perhaps people should contact the American Montessori Society and ask them if they are aware that Bozos is using their name to sell his snake oil.
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If Bozos actually believes in the Montessori method, rather than starting a whole new chain of schools, it would make far more sense to offer scholarships to low income families to send their kids to existing Montessori schools.
Even if Bozos knows something about education and Montessori in particular (doubtful) it is a major undertaking to start a whole chain of schools from scratch. And he is going to find himself in major legal hot water if he simply copies Montessori because presumably a lot of their methods and materials are protected by copyright.
Given the timing of this announcement, I’d say the whole thing is little more than a public relations offensive to divert attention from all the bad press Bozos has been getting lately based on revelations about worker pay and work conditions at Amazon.
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All One of the Montessori policies in their hiring of teachers (at least up to a couple of years ago) is that teachers must have at least six formal college credits in child development and education. Also, in my experience, Catholic and many other religious schools, who have been around for a very long time and who have a mostly-excellent history (thought they can always improve), follow state and field standards and, as a rule, are quite good at what they do.
My point is that any critique of vouchers/non-profits should make such distinctions, and that broad-brushing all private schools as if they were of the “new reformer” ilk won’t help our own argument. CBK
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I am guessing from the Bezos cite that he is picking up on that unique Montessori process, where children choose their own activities & self-report on progress, while teachers monitor & add their own observations. ‘We can automate that!” shouts Jeff. “In fact we’re already doing it in the warehouses via self-wearing devices!”
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Exactly.
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Yes, as everyone knows, the workers in Bozos warehouses all choose the activities they want to work on each day.
And when they get tired, they simply take a nap!
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😀
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The ed reform “movement” is completely incoherent and this is just another example of it.
They have set this up so everyone is a “customer”- not a citizen- a customer.
AT THE SAME TIME they scold public schools for failing to create good citizens.
For the longest time they said charters/vouchers would benefit public schools by creating competition. Now they have added “cooperation”. They changed nothing else about the agenda- they just added a word. So charter and private schools will both compete for students with public schools and also work cooperatively with public schools, while competing for the same set of students. Incoherent nonsense.
They need a new nonsense word. I suggest “customer-citizen” They should try that.
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My biggest fear with ed reform is these billionaires and politicians and lobbyists succeed in eradicating public schools and K-12 schools end up like the US health care system.
Wildly expensive, wildly inequitable and literally no one involved with it is happy with it.
If they succeed in getting rid of public schools we will never get them back. Instead we’ll get what we get with health care- 30 years of insisting they were fixing a privatized system and it’s less equitable and more expensive than it was 30 years ago.
Osborne, one of the biggest privatization cheerleaders in ed reform actually POINTS to health care as a model! They want to turn K-12 education into our broken health care system.
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My suggestions for Bezos:
Bank your billions up your butt
Stash your cash inside your a**
Lock your loot inside your chute
Leave the schools to make the rules
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That should probably be entitled
Suggestions for all Billionaires
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And after that, he can stuff his Evil Gnome-like body into one of his rockets, and shoot himself to Mars, where he can party in the local bars and nightclubs with Elon Musk.
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WeeCare training, on line with a free certificate at the end (Seven courses in 12 hours).
See https://www.daycare.com/forum/showthread.php?t=65414
Linked In examplesof jobs show a max of $15.00 per hour for preschool workers without a four year degree.
Now the Center for American Progress is trying to promote the concept of “pre-school deserts.” The study examines preschool availability by zip codes in various states (states willing and able to provide information). This metaphor of deserts has been used to invent the concept of “charter school deserts,” identified by census tracks currently lacking a charter school choice.
The results of the CAP study are predictable. Zips with rural and low income populations are “deserts.”There is no organized system of early childhood programming.
I do think that this “market” will be addressed as an opportunity for people who are willing and able to work on short notice, at low pay, in a gig economy with “customer satisfaction” the basis for survival.
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Maybe CAP or some other group can publish a map of “reproductive rights deserts,” where women are denied abortion services, by laws or because the last doctor who did was murdered.
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Yes, there are now 6 states that have only one abortion provider for the whole state.
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After Kavanaugh gets confirmed, there will be states with no abortion providers.
Women will die because they use coat hangers or poison to induce abortion, or they go to backalley abortionists.
Every death will be credited to Susan Collins (Maine) and Lisa Murkowski (Alaska).
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Of course, CAP conveniently ignores Head Start & Early Head Start. There are hundreds of Head Start Preschools in impoverished communities in every state. It DoEd & Congress were genuinely interested in providing quality universal PreK they would expand Head Start by making it available to all children, without means testing family income. Go to this site & enter your state to get a sense of the ubiquity of Head Start’s free, public, universal PreK & early Pre K.
https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/center-locator?latitude=35.517&longitude=-86.580&state=TN
Clearly CAP isn’t really interested in providing families with free universal PreK unless there is a financial return for a select few private investors. SIBs are the new financial innovation that will cannibalize government social programs and give the austerity fanatics another excuse to drop programs off the govt books.
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Two races of the future:
Amazons and Wal-Martians.
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Great point. Amazons and Wal-Martians. I’m checking out of that choice.
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Even when one buys online, tgere is actually no reason one needs to go thru an intermediary like Amazon or Wallmart.
When you buy from Amazon, you are really getting products from third parties (in many cases, small businesses) and the same is true of many Wallmart products bought online as well.
Amazon and Wallmart are simply unnecessary middlemen who are taking their cut.
They are not doing anything that could not be done more cheaply by dealing directly with the third party businesses.
They add nothing of value and actually subtract value.
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SomeDAM,
You make an excellent point. Now let’s start talking about opportunity cost.
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From what I’ve learned about France’s early childhood education system, that is the way to go. From what I’ve read, it works and is a great success. And no publicly funded for profit privatization.
in France, a national early childhood education system was launched several decades ago and was controlled and operated out of that nation’s public schools. And no publicly funded for profit privatization.
the early childhood education teachers in France had to earn a masters degree in early childhood education and go through a teacher training program similar to the best one in the United States (one that is ignored by the top down leaders of education), an urban residency program. And no publicly funded for profit privatization.
Did I mention, “And no publicly funded for profit privatization.”
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My cousin lives in France. The government covers the creche and maternelle care until children start school. My cousin was very happy with the quality of the care. She was sadly fortunate since her husband passed away suddenly when her children were young. She had to go to work and didn’t go bankrupt to pay for child care.
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This post about what Bezos wants to do has brought me literally to tears. As I near the end of this season’s, Orange is the New Black, I am forever reminded about what corrupt administrators and business leaders and privatization can and will do. Children or prisoners, either one, become reduced to a mere number and analyzed daily as to what is best for the education and/or prison market. The rule will become not how to best love our students and encourage them to learn but how to boost the economy by numbers.
Reggio and Montessori philosophy will no longer be important. Their founders are rolling in their graves at this point. The school to prison pipeline continues to the detriment of our society.
I sit here wondering, what can I do to stop this?
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What can you do? Vote in every election: all the primaries, the mid-terms and the general elections.
The primaries are probably more important than the general elections because it is in the primaries where the candidates compete to end up on the final ballot. Lose in a primary and that candidate doesn’t end up on the ballot.
If your health and time permits, you can also volunteer to work for a candidate you support in your local area. Volunteers are needed to make phone calls, and/or walk door to door, and/or sit at a table (at home or in the candidates local headquarters) and do the work to get your candidate’s mailers ready to mail.
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The primaries are indeed critical, but unfortunately Democratic party officials continue to play dirty tricks like the disgusting smear campaign against Cynthia Nixon.
And of course, the people who did that are still in power.
The only way to stop such stuff is to undertake a wholesale cleaning of the party.
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And unfortunately, people like Bernie Sanders who have the following to make a real difference with regard to party corruption remain silent on stuff like the smear of Nixon.
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Power corrupts and most of those that have tasted power tend to be wiling to do anything to keep it … anything! I think those who are narcissists and/or psychopaths become even more addicted to power and go beyond “anything” to stay in power.
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And a lot of states have closed primaries. I cannot vote in primaries, because they are generally Republican, and I am not.
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I’m aware of closed primaries. I’ve been a registered Independent for decades and for the first time that I can remember in 2016, I was not allowed to vote in the Democratic primary. I’ve never been allowed to vote in a Republican primary in California.
I think the GOP is a greed based, closed corrupt club for people with rancid scrambled eggs for brains. A small number of Republicans decide who is allowed to run for office and many of the independents get to puke when we see that anointed list.
I’ve wondered since 2016 if the reason the Democrats closed the door on the primaries in 2016 was because the majority of independent voters in California would have voted against Hillary Clinton. This is not a conspiracy theory. It’s just a thought I had at the time. I have no way to prove my question one way or the other.
But I’m sure that Hillary haters will jump on my thought question and turn it into a conspiracy theory that will convict her of another alleged crime that she has never been found guilty of.
For instance, I was mowing my lawn a few weeks ago when this almost crippled neighbor came hobbling by on his cane and stopped to talk. I ended the conversation when he started to rant about Hillary Clinton and blamed her for the murder of the father of her daughter’s child. Huh? I never heard of that one.
After I finished the yard work, I Googled that conspiracy theory and couldn’t find it. Has anyone heard that one?
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Last I heard, Chelsea Clinton’s husband was very much alive.
Hillary hating is so yesterday.
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Hillary hating is like a cancer that refuses to go away.
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Threatened Out West
At least be glad Utah has some REAL Democrats.
Since i left Utah, I have lived in several states that claim to be Democratic strongholds but Utah had the truest Democrats of any place I have lived — people like Wayne Owens, Ted Wilson and Rocky Anderson.
Many of the Democrats in New England states not only don’t believe in Democratic values but don’t believe in democratic values either.
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CT gets stuck with fake Democrats like Dan Malloy and Joe Blubberman.
Oh, and of course, theres Rosa DeLauro who believes so much in the democratic process that she tried to get Jonathan Pelto to drop out of the primary against Malloy before Pelto was even on the ballot.
And of course, the Democratic party officials in CT and nationally did everything in their power to see that Blubberman beat Ned Lamont in the Senate race and only half heartedly supported Lamont after he nonetheless got the nomination so that many Democrats voted for Blubberman.
The state is a joke.
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The political system is worse than a bad joke.
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The latest thing for toodlers and preschoolers. Brace yourself for “precision education,” or…. perhaps a revival of genetic determinism, the latter with an ugly past.
For the present it is worth noting that precision education (variant of precision medicine) is the name for new efforts to predict and test the efficacy of instructional “interventions” for conditions such as dyslexia.
A major 2018 study in Nature Genetics has drawn attention to the possibilities (and risks) of “precision education.” This study, conducted by researchers affiliated with the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and the genetics website 23andMe.com examined the full genomes of more than 1.1 million people along with deep wells of data about family backgrounds, health, educational achievement, and the like.
It is known that all people share more than 99 percent of their DNA, but that last “1 percent” enabled researchers to identify more than 1,200 differences associated with educational attainment. “Educational attainment” included these and other measures: high school completion; college completion; grade retention (that is, retaking a grade); scores on the Peabody picture vocabulary test (age standardized; grade point average from high school transcripts (overall GPA, math GPA, science GPA and verbal GPA, controlling for high school fixed effects). Cognitive tests/tasks such as: immediate word recall, delayed word recall, naming and counting objects; define five words, yes or no on ever been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. You can check the study for additional information collected bearing on health, family and the like.
One of the first well-publicized genetic studies of “precision education” for children is taking place in New Haven, Connecticut schools. According to EdWeek, parents have volunteered their children (450) as participants in a study being conducted by researchers from Yale (neuroscience, genetics, education). These children entered school with literacy scores in the bottom 20 percent.
This privately funded $20 million dollar project, supported by the Manton Foundation, brings about $1.5 million to the district. This includes salary and benefits for six teachers trained to offer reading interventions and for compensation to students (likely to increase) now at $10 per reading assessment. Participating students will receive “at least an hour of supplemental support five days a week each school year and four years of lessons from Reading Recovery and Empower….Near the end of the study, the students spit into a test tube, and researchers will sequence the students’ full genome to look for differences between the students who responded to the intervention over the years, and those who continued to struggle in reading.”
The aim is early detection of the causes of dyslexia in the hope of screening “at risk” children before they start school and with earlier interventions for reading.
Ethical issues are embedded in this research. Some are acknowledged by the lead researcher, but not all. The children in the study are overwhelmingly African-American and Latinix. Parents are reluctant to opt out of the potential benefits for free, intensive, one-on-one reading support. Compensation for test-taking is not a norm. Genetic determinism has an ugly history. The “innovative” dimension of the study can distract attention from other concerns, especially for toddlers and preschoolers.
EdWeek reports that “New Haven’s mayor, superintendent, and school board did not respond to requests for comment.” …“Similar studies are also exploring genetic links to autism, attention deficit disorders, and Down syndrome, among other learning-related conditions.” https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/09/12/scientists-use-dna-testing-to-seek-answers.html
I will end this with cautions from the researchers who published in Nature. Our results … highlight two caveats to the use of the polygenic scores in research. (Polygenic refers to a collection of inherited DNA variations, in medical contexts associated with some risk of disease or impairment).
“First, our within-family analyses suggest that GWAS (genome-wide association study) estimates may overstate the causal effect sizes: IF (a) educational attainment-increasing genotypes are associated with parental educational attainment-increasing genotypes, WHICH ARE IN TURN associated with (b) rearing environments that promote educational attainment, THEN failure to control for rearing environment will bias GWAS estimates.
If this hypothesis is correct, some of the predictive power of the polygenic score (an estimate of genetic risk) reflects environmental amplification of the genetic effects. Without controls for this bias, it is therefore inappropriate to interpret the polygenic score for educational attainment as a measure of genetic endowment.
Second, we found that our score for educational attainment has much lower predictive power in a sample of African-American individuals than in a sample of individuals with an European ancestry, and we anticipate that the score would also have reduced predictive power in other samples of individuals with a non-European ancestry.
Therefore, until polygenic scores are available that have as much predictive power in other ancestry groups, the score will be most useful in research that is focused on samples of individuals with an European ancestry. See “Discussion” at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0147-3
Researchers for the Yale study say they have also recruited “Hispanic-American and African-American” participants from Boston, Toronto, Denver, Boulder, Albuquerque, and Baltimore. https://medicine.yale.edu/people/labs/jeffrey_gruen-2.profile
I wonder if the Yale researchers are even aware of the proximity of their work to affirming biological determinism, whether based on “European” ancestry or their explicit targeting of “Hispanic-American and African-American” students for this research? For a refresher on biological determinism see https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Biological_determinism
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“First, our within-family analyses suggest that GWAS (genome-wide association study) estimates may overstate the causal effect sizes: IF (a) educational attainment-increasing genotypes are associated with parental educational attainment-increasing genotypes, WHICH ARE IN TURN associated with (b) rearing environments that promote educational attainment, THEN failure to control for rearing environment will bias GWAS estimates.
Libertarians with secure positions atop the New Feudal Order love genetic determinism because it provides an argument for why they happen to be at the top. The problem, however, is that we’ve had something of a revolution in genetics because we’ve learned that environmental conditions affect gene expression. As a result, all those old twin studies that supposedly controlled for genetic identify didn’t, actually. Epigenetics, in time, will slay the genetic determinism beast, one hopes, for good.
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I’m all for running DNA tests on the wealthiest 0.1-percent since geneticists now think they have discovered the gene responsible for sociopaths and psychopaths.
I think most of the 0.1 percent would have that gene. I’m sure Donald Trump does.
I wonder if the 0.1 percent would come out bragging about their psycho gene. Trump would. After all, he is a stable genius.
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This sounds like a modern day version of phrenology, pseudo-science.
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What exactly does “latinix” mean?
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latinix
Currently favored by academics and others as gender neutral versus Latina or Latino. I am trying to get used to this. See the various campaigns on behalf of this use…
I have no idea how this quest for gender neutral language will influence the whole universe of gendered designations in Spanish and other languages, including English.
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Spanish and other Romance languages are even more “gendered” than English.
Thanks for explaining “Latinix” which I have seen and thought was a typo
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Thanks, I wasn’t sure as I looked it up and only came up with Latinx.
I imagine that the quest will die out as the billions of speakers of gendered languages won’t get the message. Kind of like Esperanto, eh!
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And I thought my Quixotic Quest of ridding the K-12 world of standards and testing malpractice has little chance of success. Latinx has less of a chance than my quest.
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Actually, if it is gender neutral, wouldn’t it be the opposite of a typo?
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From a discussion I had somewhere else on using race as a supposedly determining factor in “genetic” type studies is absurd:
The component of our human makeup (genetics)-skin pigmentation is so small, a fraction of everything human, in comparison to the many other genetic factors that go into being human and that make up both one’s physical and mental characteristics/being, that it shouldn’t be considered as any factor whatsoever. Bear with me as this is the first time I’m thinking and writing through this thought. How can something, skin tone/color, so far removed from the functioning of the brain, so utterly genetically unrelated to brain function be a determining factor in said functioning. It just doesn’t make any sense in my mind. Race, as a classifying category is so suspect to begin with. To make the statements that Murray and Hernstein and other make about supposed correlations between race and intelligence belies intelligent thought.
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There is an elephant in the room. We need to think more carefully about Bezos’ profit/monopoly business model.
Everybody can afford to read Wrench in the Gears, and discuss the substance of it. The column Alison McDowell shared above connects James Heckman to the Bezos Foundation venture. It’s historic.
Here is an earlier work, explaining heckman’s project. The important news, of his connection to Bezos, is somehow getting lost in indignation.
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I’m entering this link under a separate heading, hoping to get through.
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The only indignant comments in this thread come from Wrench in the Gears.
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From my “Top 10 New Year’s Resolutions for 2018”:
OK. We OWN the retail market now. But you can’t rest on your laurels, or whatever that expression is. So this year we’re going to expand into delivering, directly to people’s door, deeper friendships, personal integrity, satisfying sexual relationships, respect and admiration from colleagues, and mindful presentness to the simple, nonmaterial joys of everyday life.
–Jeff Bezos, CEO, Amazon
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Bob Shepherd Bezos would be better to read the U. S. Constitution and surrounding documents, and then invest in THAT by paying his taxes, and then suggesting to other mega-rich people to do the same and to quit “investing” in political representatives whose only rant is “cut taxes!”
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How will deeper friendships be delivered
To my doorstep?
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A joke, Ms. Shure. The whole thing.
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I’ve long believed Pre-K will be the backdoor means of getting vouchers. Here’s a 2014 post that makes that case: https://waynegersen.com/?s=pre-K+vouchers
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This billionaire vulture-grab for data-mining 2.5-5y.o.’s is giving me hives. Hoping as SDP suggests, Bezos’ announcement is mostly PR blather to improve his image. But the timing might be due to the growing push for ‘prek for all’ [publicly funded], & may be a line of b-aires behind him. As Wrench suggests, social impact investing draws hedge-funders, & PreK examples of it are expanding beyond Utah. A marriage made in hell w/high-tech ind: what better way to measure whether investees are ‘meeting performance goals’ than interactive screens & wearable electronics?
Mary’s Q “how I put a stop to this?”… Voting for sure, but voting for Democrats at the fed level could result in even more neolib-scam [privatization] ed-funding. Even voting for strong public school advocates could earmark gobs of new tax $ for PreK. My choice would be voting for strong campaign-reform candidates fed-wise, & putting ed issues to fore w/state& locals.
PreK is still a vast & quirky patchwork quilt of mostly private enterprises. I’m not sure I want to see that change. At least they’re highly responsive to parental druthers
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