You know how you can pick up a book, start reading, start annotating with underlining and exclamation points, then realize you are marking up almost every word?
That is Steve Nelson’s “First Do No Harm.” It is chicken soup for the educator’s soul.
Nelson recently retired as head of the progressive Calhoun School in New York City. He also just joined the board of the Network for Public Education because he wants to devote his time to the fight for better public schools for all children.
He describes progressive education as ways to engage children in thinking critically, asking questions, and engaging creatively in play and work. He knows it is endangered, even though children thrive when given the opportunity to love learning.
He recognizes the soul-deadening approach of no-excuses charters and suggests that they exhibit unconscious racism. Maybe not always unconscious.
He points out that affluent communities think they have great public schools, without recognizing that their schools are gifted by the privilege of parents and the community. The same is true of elite private schools, whose students are drawn mostly from wealthy families with every financial advantage.
Every effort to standardize education–whether it is NCLB or Common Core– robs children of the chance to think for themselves. Such top-down programs demand conformity, not critical thinking or creativity. Indeed they punish students who think differently.
Nelson goes into great detail about the harm inflicted on children by no-excuses charter schools like KIPP and Democracy Prep.
He stands strongly against vouchers, which typically are used in religious schools, where children are subject to indoctrination.
Nelson understands the link between education and democracy, education for freedom.
I recommend this book to you.

Thanks, Diane! Appreciate the thoughtful, kind words.
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I looked the topic up on youtube. I find this man to be very interesting. I enjoy hearing from both sides.
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Started reading this. Mr. Nelson is right about the importance of delaying the beginning of formal mathematical education until kids are cognitively capable of the abstraction involved. VERY IMPORTANT AND COMPLETELY NOT UNDERSTOOD BY THE MAKERS OF THE CURRENT EXECRABLE “STANDARDS.”
I was married to a very smart woman who considered herself a nonmathematician. One evening, my son was struggling with his Algebra homework–factoring polynomials–and I was busy with something else, so she grabbed his book, read the chapter, and then helped him. After that, she said, “When I was a kid, I could no more have done that than I could have flapped my arms to fly.”
She was hitting on something really important. The current standards [sic] attempt to get kids to understand at a conceptual level materials that they are not ready for yet. In most of us, our mental tools for some kinds of very abstract reasoning do not start developing until quite late, but the CCSS has third graders attempting to grok the concept of the variable. Developmentally inappropriate.
She was, BTW, one of the 60 percent of American adults who self report that they “can’t do math” after having had 12 years of compulsory K-12 math education. With those results, one would think that people would start wondering if perhaps they might be doing something wrong, like starting too early.
But back to the standards [sic].
Imagine what people would think if the U.S. Navy issued new “standards” that warned of the possibility of sailing off the edge of the world. Well, the Common [sic] Core [sic] State [sic] Standards [sic] are just like that. Prescientific. Despite that fact, they are being used as a curriculum map by most of our schools and by most of our educational materials developers. Not as goals for the curriculum, but as a map for it. Error piled on top of error. The national standards (recently locally rebranded by the states after the name CCSS became so toxic) are a complete disaster.
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I think your wife experienced what I did. Maturity came late to me, adult muscles at about 19 and stature as well. Math always seemed a struggle, but I was a good boy and did my homework. I got a degree in history and English, and started to teach. Along came the math teacher shortage. I ended up teaching math.
An English study I read about suggested that the part of the brain that activates when exposed to algebra does not mature until the individual reaches 24 on average. Are we all destined to not
Understand what we are doing in mathematics? Serious people will admit that a majority of people are not ready for algebra as 9th graders. But modern thinking is that eighth graders should have mastered it. This is so much horse manure.
When I went back to school to learn math and become certified to teach it, I was amazed to find that it made sense. Is there anyone else like me?
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Most people are like you. That’s exactly the point. Asking little kids to do very abstract reasoning is like asking them to turn a tiny Phillips-head screw with a butter knife. The right tool (the cognitive tool) isn’t in place. In the early years, we should do pattern recognition games to help develop the faculties that will be used later on for math instruction. I suspect that if we did this and waited until kids were 16 to start math instruction, we would be a LOT more successful. As it is right now, we are failing most of our students. Kids go to school and “learn” that they can’t do math and/or that they hate it. Ask the adults around you. MOST are math phobic.
And the situation is exactly the reverse with foreign languages. Small kids have innate machinery for learning languages very quickly and easily. That machinery starts to break down about the age of 14–the very time when we typically start foreign language instruction in our public K-12 schools. We need, for elementary and middle school, a “pre-math” curriculum like what I described above. We can still teach the young ones basic math facts and algorithms for basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, but the rest of it should wait until people have the necessary cognitive development. We have NOTHING TO LOSE by making this change because our current system of math instruction is by any measure a complete failure for most students. Most products of the K-12 system hate math and can’t do any of it, and that’s what the system has taught them. That and precious little else.
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This is an interesting NY Times story from several years ago describing the experience of low income, students of color at schools like Calhoun (which is mentioned in the article).
An African American student from Calhoun is quoted, describing how some of the school’s students told her that she got into Brown because of affirmative action, not her achievement
“The emotions are raw, even years later. When Katherine Tineo, who is Afro-Dominican, was accepted at Brown University, she remembers her classmates at Calhoun telling her that it was a result of affirmative action. She stood up in a school town hall meeting and explained, through tears, that she believed that she had been admitted on the merits of her application — her good grades and her efforts to create awareness about multiculturalism at Calhoun.
Recounting the experience seven years later, Ms. Tineo, now 25, broke down again. “To say I got into a school because of my color and not because of my efforts?” she asked, her voice cracking. “I didn’t come from similar places from them, so they thought I didn’t amount to the same thing.”
As a midwestern Paul Wellstone progressive whose 3 children attended and graduated from local public schools open to all, I was not and would not be interested in sending our children to Calhoun, or local, similar private schools that pick and choose among students.
Part of progressivism for me is that a school is open to all, no admissions tests, no auditions required.
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Oddly and delightfully, Mr. Nathan, Katherine is now a parent at Calhoun. It is ironic that private schools are now leading diversity efforts as public schools become more segregated. By the way, Calhoun does not have admissions tests or auditions. We were among the first private schools to refuse to play the admission test game. We also rejected the College Board and AP curriculum.
However, I don’t respond to be defensive. I actually agree with you. My children and I went to public schools. I carried ambivalence about private education throughout my 19 years as head of Calhoun. It is among the reasons I insisted that Calhoun be a private school with a public mission and it is why I am now committed to public education.
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We were among the first private schools to refuse to play the admission test game. We also rejected the College Board and AP curriculum.
Kudos.
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Thanks for the additional information, Steve. There are plenty of people working in alternative district public schools and charters who share your interest in equity and diversity. We’ll be meeting Oct 12-13 in NYC, in case you’re interested.
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Joe,
Well, your qualification excludes charter schools like Eva and KIPP. which do not choose to admit all kinds of students.
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I don’t know about Eva’s school. I have visited 10 KIPP schools, all of whom use lotteries if they have more students applying.
How does Calhoun school choose its students? Since it appears from its website that more people apply than it can admit, does Calhoun use a lottery?
Joe
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No, Joe, not a lottery. We try to “craft” classes that create a vibrant, inclusive school community. We have, and admit to sustain, about 30% families of color. We use affirmative efforts to attract and support all variety of families – same sex parents, adoptive parents, families from many cultures. We offer $5.5 million in tuition assistance and try not to make it a form of noblesse oblige. We try to balance gender, temperament and other ways of being in the world. When all of that is taken into account, the selection process mostly takes care of itself. We also pay particular attention to accepting families that share our values and hopes for their children to be loving, critical, skeptical citizens of our democratic republic.
That said, Calhoun is still a mostly white, expensive private school, thus the ambivalence.
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“Mostly white” and expensive also describes many suburbs where the price of admission is the ability to purchase a very expensive home.
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Joe,
This is called “Whataboutism.” Trump is a master at changing the subject, deflecting.
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The subject of educational opportunity is central to many posts here. Wealthy people have lots of educational options.
The attempts to create free, open to all district schools, alternative schools and charters has been part of progressive efforts for decades. Those of us who worked on district options over the last 30 and 40 years ago are used to the kinds of attacks that frequently are posted here.
But the blossoming ad gratitude of students and their families makes these efforts worthwhile. Here’s a newspaper column I wrote last year, quoting students who spoke at a terrific program that Mn district and charter educators put on each year.
http://hometownsource.com/2015/05/14/joe-nathan-column-students-describe-triumph-over-tragedy/
Students describe ‘triumph over tragedy’
Recently I’ve heard and read some of the most powerful student essays I’ve encountered over more than 45 years of work with young people. Students presented them at a statewide conference attracting almost 300 students sponsored by the Minnesota Association of Alternative Programs.
Quietly, with little attention and sometimes with much less respect than is deserved, a portion of Minnesota public education has grown from serving about 4,000 students in 1988 to more than 162,000 students, full- and part-time.
According to Mary Barrie at the Minnesota Department of Education, in 2013-14 alternative schools served about 17 percent of Minnesota public school students. (More information about alternative programs is at http://bit.ly/1JGUTKr.)
One of those students is Jessenia Kalstad. She became depressed when her father died. She planned to drop out, but her mother insisted she stay in school somewhere. Kalstad entered Ivan Sand Community High School in Elk River.
Jessenia Kalstad, student at Ivan Sand Community High School in Elk River, holds a certificate she received at the MAAP STARS state conference in April. Kalstad’s presentation was recognized as being among the best student presentations. (Photo courtesy of Ivan Sand Community High School)
Jessenia Kalstad, student at Ivan Sand Community High School in Elk River, holds a certificate she received at the MAAP STARS state conference in April. Kalstad’s presentation was recognized as being among the best student presentations. (Photo courtesy of Ivan Sand Community High School)
She found teachers who give “emotional, verbal and any kind of support you need. … I now know what it’s like not to give up on someone even when they give up on themself. I can’t count how many times I’ve said screw it, but the teachers are right over my shoulder ready to help me. … Everything I’ve been through has helped me help others, and it’s also showed me what I might be good at when I graduate high school. … I was half a year behind and now I’m graduating with my class. … I’ve learned that you have to put everything you have into what you want because success doesn’t come to those who sit around and wait.”
She concluded, “Triumph over tragedy is what it comes down to because what you go through doesn’t define you.”
Aaron Fredricks, student at Northwest Passage High School, a charter school in Coon Rapids, holds a certificate he received at the MAAP STARS state conference in April. His presentation was recognized as being among the best student presentations. (Photo courtesy of Northwest Passage High School)
Aaron Fredricks, student at Northwest Passage High School, a charter school in Coon Rapids, holds a certificate he received at the MAAP STARS state conference in April. His presentation was recognized as being among the best student presentations. (Photo courtesy of Northwest Passage High School)
Aaron Fredricks, senior at Northwest Passage High School, a charter public school in Coon Rapids, wrote that he was “drifting along” in traditional schools: “Letting others insult and spread rumors about me, expecting it all to get better one day. I was pulled down again and again with despair. … I even was led to bring others down to feel better, but I wasn’t proud, I hated myself. I was not the Aaron I wanted to be.”
Then he enrolled at Northwest Passage and helped plan the statewide conference MAAP STARS, where students share information about their lives. Aaron wrote: “MAAP STARS turned out to be the perfect fit. I was inspired by the many students and staff who all were participating in the program, who had just as much trouble in their lives as I did. MAAP STARS gave me the courage to keep going, to find myself and lead on. “
Lori Crever is an officer for a major Twin Cities bank who served as one of the judges at the convention. Though she was a high school valedictorian, her son had multiple issues. He attended 19 schools and programs before he enrolled in Jennings Community Learning Center in St. Paul. She recalled, “Gradually his problems evaporated as he attended the school.”
The combination of an individual program, faculty patience, identifying a strong interest (filmmaking) and giving him the opportunity to pursue that interest, and being allowed to take college classes via Post Secondary Enrollment Options produced “a transformation.” Her son has graduated and is attending the film school at the Santa Fe University of Art and Design.
Sam Roth, an alternative school student from Montevideo, wrote: “For a large portion of my life I felt like no one noticed anything I did and I was at a point of not really caring either. That all changed when I chose to attend Minnesota Valley Area Learning Center in Montevideo.” Roth quoted John Lennon: “When you do something noble and beautiful and nobody noticed, do not be sad. For the sun every morning is a beautiful spectacle and yet most of the audience still sleeps.”
Alternative schools vary in quality. They don’t work well for every youngster. Many people don’t notice these schools. But for some students, they help produce “triumph over tragedy.”
Joe Nathan, formerly a Minnesota public school teacher, administrator and PTA president, directs the Center for School Change. Reactions are welcome at joe@centerforschoolchange.org.
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Joe,
You are under the illusion that Trump, DeVos, the Koch brothers, and ALEC–all enthusiastic supporters of choice and charters–want to create greater opportunities for poor children so our society is more egalitarian. Dream on. Their goal is the complete privatization of public schools and the public sector. They use you.
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I’m under no such illusion, which is why I have opposed and worked against vouchers.
However, I have actively worked for and support what I’ve described earlier – public school options, either a part of districts or charters (or post secondary Options)
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You are now on the same team as Trump and DeVos. Nice money train.
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We haven’t had dollars for years from any of the groups that you regularly criticize – and when we did it was to work with districts, or districts & charters.
In terms of equating people, I wouldn’t equate you and Trump either though you both selected private schools for your kids. You and I both reject and condemn virtually everything he does.
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Joe,
There you go again. Whataboutism. My kids went to private schools. We paid for it. We didn’t ask for public money. You are embarrassed to be associated with the Trump-DeVos agenda. I am sorry for you but don’t smear me. Anyone has the right to send their child to a private or religious school but they should pay for it themselves. Charters are private schools that get public money and treat black children like little test taking machines who must conform or disappear.
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FYI, I am a graduate of the Houston public schools and proud of it. I am paying back. You are helping to destroy the public schools and working to advance the agenda of the anti-union Waltons, the Koch brothers, DeVos, ALEC, DFER, Dan Loeb, and the other billionaires.
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Mr. Nathan’s specialty on this site is portraying the wolf in sheep’s clothing. I imagine the apparatus to privatize public education in the Twin Cities region must also include at least one “Paul Wellstone progressive” who boasts of his public education background, while working to spread privatization.
The fallacies and unintended humor are are always there, too: all that tut-tutting about private schools that “pick and choose” their students, from a charter school evangelist! Good one!
Sorry, Joseph, but charter schools and so-called reformers can no longer hide behind Obama. You are in bed with Betsy De Vos and Trump now. You may all be issuing outraged press releases and sound bites for public consumption, but you’re still going to cash the checks.
Who knows, maybe you all really do find Trump repulsive, but so what? Willing or “unwilling” beneficiaries of their policies, what’s really the difference? If I was a better person, I’d almost feel sorry for your moral dilemma, but I’m not, and anyway the hypocrisy and dissembling make it a very tough sell. In fact, they’re grotesque, much like Trump and De Vos.
Your funders never cared a whit about civil rights and equity (except their own) in this or any other time. Now that Trump/De Vos are showing the predation/parasitism at the heart of so-called reform, the fangs are there for all to see, and the “public charter school” line is approaching its expiration date.
Now cue the heartfelt disclaimer about Trump…
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Michael,
Well said. The best e cause for Joe is that he was part of the early days of charters. He was idealistic. As the pool filled with sharks and billionaires, he clung to his idealism. Did he notice when the corporate chains and for-profit buzzards took over. Was he upset by the colonialist philosophy of no-excuses paternalism? Did he shun Walton money? Is he embarrassed that DeVos is now the leading charter cheerleader? I don’t know.
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Actually, Diane and Michael, I’ve publicly criticized vouchers and publicly criticized corruption in chartering, as well as in district schools in a variety of places, including Education Week, regular newspaper columns, blogs etc.
I’ve also questioned the way some educators attack those willing to try new approaches. Some of us also have forged new partnerships involving district, union, and charter educators to help students make progress. Some of us have helped convince legislators and foundations to allocated funds to help district educators use their insights, creativity and energy to help students.
Might the tone of some attacks here help explain why some educators have created options within districts and why some district educators have created charters? Might these attacks help explain why millions of young people are selecting alternative, district, statewide schools, charter or Post Secondary Options?
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And what might explain the kids who sign up for failing charters and rip-off cybercharters? Marketing. Lies. Propaganda.
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Some of that happens, sure. As do some of the things I’ve described.
If you’ve listened to young people attending different options of the kind I’ve described, you’re heard many stories about how the traditional school failed them. And in some cases, these young people say new options helped them.
We’ve also see how in some places, the existence of new options encouraged traditional district leaders to give new opportunities to their faculty. The Boston and LA Pilot Schools are two good examples. So are new college level courses offered in high schools, in response to programs like Post Secondary Options.
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There are, however, some issues that I have with the book so far. Mr. Nelson quotes with approval Jerome Bruner’s “Knowing how something is put together is worth a thousand facts about it.”
Well, knowing how something is put together is knowing facts about it.
Knowledge is extraordinarily important–both descriptive knowledge (of the what) and procedural knowledge (of the how). Texts exist in contexts. If you don’t understand the context–if you don’t have that knowledge–then you won’t understand the text. It saddens me greatly that progressive educators still trot out this “don’t teach rote facts” crap when our educational system has almost entirely eschewed teaching of bodies of fact about the world in favor of skills-based approaches. Again, texts exist in context. If someone says, “we better tie up these loose ends,” it makes a difference whether that someone is a macrame instructor or Tony Soprano.
The CCSS, BTW, are almost entirely content free. They are lists of skills. Big mistake.
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Bruner left a long trail of cleverly framed assertions that sent a lot of people into a tizzy for a decade or more trying to find “THE structure of X discipline.”
Some of the ridiculousness finally wore off, but anyone with some practical experience probably knows that “stuff” will not work if you only think about HOW it is put together, wiithout thinking about whatever the IT is, and WHY it matters. In Alice in Wonderland, IT is usually a frog or a worm.
I think that too much of education is about the what and the how and not enough about the WHY and WHY BOTHER. I am sick of reading standards written to assert “what students should know (so-called descriptive knowledge) and be able to do (so-called procedural knowledge)” without some attention to the why and why bother. If you can’t help students think about the why and why bother in some persuasive and student-appropriate way, you often end up with nothing to offer as an incentive to learn except awards– gold stars or happy face stickers or the usual letter grades.
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I might add that the “argument” is nonsensical. It is not an either/or proposition. One cannot put something together without knowing the facts about it, but you can fill little heads with facts about things and it has little value until and unless they can “put it together.”
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Why and why bother are terrific questions – agreed, Laura.
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I agree.
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Excellent questions, indeed.
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However, Laura, I would be hard pressed to find state standards anywhere, these days, that detail the what and or the how, much less the why and why bother. They are lists of skills–and lists of a particular kind–ones that are so abstract and so vague as to contain not even a hint of the how.
The what matters because schools give us the opportunity to transmit culture–to make kids aware of the existence of the best that has been thought and felt and believed and done by people throughout the ages, and the how matters because in arguments about curricula, people routinely make the mistake of trumpeting a false distinction between “mere facts” and skills without recognizing that when skills are operationalized enough to be teachable, then they become to some extent a variety of knowledge. Some things cannot be taught except by doing them–that’s true, and people have to want to do the learning (why bother?) for it really to happen, but they also cannot be taught without some fairly detailed knowledge of the how and the why being communicated.
An example will clarify what I am trying to say here. An apprentice cannot learn how to plane a block of wood until it is extremely smooth without actually doing this enough to get a feel for it, and that’s more properly called acquisition than knowledge. However, a good teacher will provide a lot of what knowledge (e.g., this is a hardwood, this is the grain of the wood, these are water- and oil-based sharpening blocks) and how knowledge (e.g., plane in the direction of the grain, use a light touch and several passes and make it lighter for softer wood). The “why bother?” has to be part of this, of course. We bother because when people learn this skill–planing wood, then they can make guitars and violins, and then others can use those instruments to play Tarrega and Paganini, and Tarrega and Paganini are a gas.
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cx: but they also cannot be taught without some fairly detailed knowledge of the what and the how being communicated.
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Well written and great insights, Bob.
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Thank you Dr. Laura H. Chapman. All conscientious and contented educators have the same mentality of thinking and effectively doing “why and why bother” before they pursue their teaching profession.
All other opportunistic careers in professions like politicians and business leaders, they never twice think about people’s sufferance and their own bad consequences.
If people realize that whole child education according to Dr. Ravitch’s advocacy is the best way to bring prosperity, democracy and happiness to all and to country, then all elected government officials and tax payers should consciously think twice and effectively do “why and why bother” in voting for the common good. Back2basic
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Well, the DFERS NEED TO READ THIS BOOK. But will the DFERS GET IT?
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I think the question that comes to mind for me is, “So what!?” I was a fairly good student more because I was compliant than really engaged. I loved history. A few good teachers and my own innate interest in people–in what makes them tick and in what they do or have done–fueled that interest. I got to the point in math where compliance didn’t get me past the “so what.” I really wasn’t given much reason to do too much more than what enabled me to get decent grades. I really didn’t see the relevance and no one seemed to think it was terribly important whether I did. The sciences, especially biology, were also quite intriguing. I was programmed to be interested, but it was only when I ended up teaching struggling learners math that I encountered the beauty of its patterns. In teaching them I had to pull it apart and really understand how it worked. I would love to go on and do the same with the math I only half understood and never really mastered. I guess I have to agree with Laura that the “why” and the “why bother” are as important as the as the “what” and the “how.” All these factors are woven together in an intricate pattern which is dependent on each and every thread to create the whole fabric.
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