Stephanie Northen, teacher and journalist, enjoyed the spectacle of the Education Minister Nick Gibb failing to answer a question taken from the exam for 11-year-old children as he defends the value of the test on air. And she rightly ridicules the obsession with rigor that emanates from government officials.
She wrote this article as the students in England were taking the national exam known as SPAG (spelling, punctuation, and grammar). Northen calls it “Rigor SPAG.”
She writes:
“Amid the gloom of unsavoury Sats and enforced academisation, comes one delicious moment of joy. Schools minister Nick Gibb doesn’t know his subordinating conjunctions from his prepositions. He can’t answer one of the questions he has set children. Despite this woeful (in his eyes) ignorance – though, tellingly, when his mistake is pointed out he says ‘This isn’t about me’ – he has managed to become and to remain a government minister. Need one say any more about the pointlessness of the Spag test?
“At least by this time next week it will all be over. The country’s 10 and 11-year-olds will be free to enjoy their final few weeks at primary school, liberated from the government’s oh so very rigorous key stage 2 tests. Like them, I am tired of fractions, tired of conjunctions, tired, in fact, of being told of the need for ‘rigour’. The Education Secretary and the Chief Inspector need to wake up to the fact that rigour is a nasty little word, suggestive of starch and thin lips. Its lack of humour and humanity makes parents and teachers recoil. Check out its origins in one of those dictionaries you recommend children use.
“Hopefully the weight of protest here, echoing many in America, will force some meaningful concessions from the ‘rigour revolutionaries’ in time for next year’s tests. Either that, or everyone with a genuine interest in helping young children learn will stand up and say No. In the words of CPRT Priority 8, Assessment must ‘enhance learning as well as test it’, ‘support rather than distort the curriculum’ and ‘pursue standards and quality in all areas of learning, not just the core subjects’. The opposite is happening at the moment in the name of rigour. It’s not rigour – but it is deadly.
“Of course, the memory of subordinating conjunctions and five-digit subtraction by decomposition will fade for the current Year 6s – and for Nick Gibb – unless they turn out to have failed the tests. Mrs Morgan [the Conservative Party’s Secretary of State for education] will decide just how rigorous she wants to be in the summer. Politics will determine where she draws the line between happy and sad children. Politics will decide the proportion she brands as failures at age 11, forced to do the tests again at secondary school.
“But still the children have these few carefree weeks where primary school can go back to doing what primary school does best – encouraging enquiry into and enjoyment of the world around us. Well, no. Teachers still have to assess writing. And if my classroom is anything to go by, writing has been sidelined over the past few weeks in the effort to cram a few more scraps of worthless knowledge into young brains yearning to rule the country.
“So how do we teachers judge good writing? Sadly, that’s an irrelevant question. Don’t bother drawing up a mental list of, for example, exciting plot, imaginative setting, inventive language, mastery of different genres. No, teachers must assess using Mrs Morgan’s leaden criteria, criteria that would never cross the mind of a Man Booker prize judge. Marlon James, last year’s Booker winner and a teacher of creative writing, was praised for a story that ‘traverses strange landscapes and shady characters, as motivations are examined – and questions asked’. No one commented on James’s ability to ‘use a range of cohesive devices, including adverbials, within and across sentences and paragraphs’.
“The dead hand of rigour decrees that we judge children’s ability to employ ‘passive and modal verbs mostly appropriately’. We have to check that they use ‘adverbs, preposition phrases and expanded noun phrases effectively to add detail, qualification and precision’. (Never mind thrilling, moving or frightening, I do love a story to be detailed, precise and qualified.) We forget to read what the children have actually written in the hunt for ‘inverted commas, commas for clarity, and punctuation for parenthesis [used] mostly correctly, and some correct use of semi-colons, dashes, colons and hyphens’. Finally, it goes without saying that young children must ‘spell most words correctly’.”

OK, I took on the challenge and followed the links to the three sentences. You can figure out the answer if you substitute a preposition such as “at” for the word “before”, but the questions I am left with are: Why would anyone who is not a professional grammarian (e.g. linguist, editor, English teacher, speech pathologist) care about this? Why is this on a test for children? How is this answer in any way relevant to their lives, except to label them as failures?
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Ha! I’d like to see some of the education gurus in this country publicly try to answer questions from the various Middle and High School tests here.
Forget the High School questions, just give them some Middle School questions. Bet they wouldn’t do any better than Nick Gibb did.
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“The dead hand of rigour decrees . . . ”
Gotta love that British spelling, eh! (not to mention the thought and wry humour)
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Agree…dead on.
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In 5th grade I was diagramming sentences and knew all my parts of speech. I could punctuate correctly and my handwriting was clear and legible. I could write a paragraph and spell words correctly. When I didn’t know a word, I knew how to use a dictionary. This is a far cry from what kids can do now. I’m glad I know my grammar. This is just my opinion, but I think it’s helped me a great deal especially in learning foreign languages.
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I enjoyed diagramming sentences and grammar. Yet, as a teacher, I learned that while these tasks may contribute to some understanding about language, but they do not produce good writers. For that, students need to understand more about the craft of good writing, and they need read a variety of texts, both fiction and non-fiction, in order learn how good writers convey meaning. I do think that technology has made students lazier about mastering certain skills. Who needs to learn to spell when you have spell check?
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I agree that students need to read more to be good writers. They also need to be incredibly organized. I personally feel that we are asking too much of them in terms of writing. I think this is especially so in terms of comparing two or three documents. This is difficult at any level. I also think that many of the mistakes they make result from not knowing the part of speech of the word. For example, the use of there, they’re and their. I am glad I just missed the “whole language” movement. I learned phonics and my mother reinforced it. Students now don’t know how to pronounce or spell words because it seems like they never learned the sounds the letters make! I see it all the time. When I suggest that they “sound out the word,” they look at me like I’m crazy.
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The way to learn to write is, first, to read a lot (and hopefully, your parents also read to you when you were young), read fiction, poetry, drama, as well as essays and commentary, and second, to write.
Just write. Not comparing two or three documents all the time, but writing about what interests the kid. Their hobbies. Their vacations. Their opinions.
And write poetry, too. Write short plays. Write.
Yes, often kids have to write about things that may not interest them, and yes, they have to analyze and compare documents, but the more they can write about subjects that engage them, the better their writing will become.
Sure, the teacher should point out errors, and suggest ways to improve- that’s part of the teaching process, but ultimately, it’s about the writing itself.
Besides being taught grammar, and reading and analyzing literature, essays, poetry in their high school English classes, my kids were lucky enough to take an AP English Composition class in high school from a terrific teacher. The essays, short fiction, poems, etc, that they turned out stunned me with their quality. Yes, I have bright kids, but I don’t think they would have been able to write that well without that teacher, her guidance, and the opportunity to do a lot of writing. I got to see some of the things that other students in their classes had written, because they published a small literary magazine, and those were very, very impressive, as well.
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The last year that I taught parts of speech as a normal part of my ninth grade curriculum, our recently-promoted-to-the-world-of-testing ex-principal threw a temper tantrum, getting red in the face, and telling me that PARTS OF SPEECH WERE NOT ON THE (state) TEST. http://www.ciedieaech.wordpress.com/2015/10/12/if-you-cannot-read-warning-do-not-use-product
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How did phonics help you know the difference between their, there, and they’re? I seriously doubt that you had a pure phonics program anymore than most people had/have a pure whole language program, whatever that means. The whole language to which I was exposed included phonics, but since reading is a way to make meaning from the written word the emphasis was placed on engaging the children with a wide range of literacy activities. I really don’t quite understand what people are saying who swear by a phonics approach to reading. Phonics is a tool to help unlock meaning and is a component of any whole language approach that is really whole language. For some children far more direct instruction in phonics is necessary; the mechanics elude them without refined intervention. I would agree that the balance of the tools used to teach reading must remain flexible in order to meet the needs of the individual learner.
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2Old2Teach,
I was making two different points. The first was about learning grammar. I think the reason many students have difficulty with their, there and they’re (just one example) may be because they don’t know the parts of speech of these words and using them in the proper context. And don’t even get me started on verb tenses and their / they’re / there lack of knowledge in that realm! 🙂 Anyway, the second point I tried to make concerned phonics and the fact that students don’t seem to know the sounds that letters make and are therefore unable to “sound out” or pronounce a word.
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I might have the answer that explains why too many children don’t know, for instance, the difference between there, their and they’re. Back in the 1980s teachers in California were forced to stop teaching grammar. California was swept from the top down with an insanity that learning should be fund and kids did not enjoy learning grammar and mechanics so us teachers were ordered (I repeat, ordered under threat of job loss) to throw out our grammar books and stop teaching our students all of this stuff that the children didn’t find fun.
The entire English department at the school where I taught protested but our protests, as usual, fell on deaf ears, and our marching orders with the threat of job loss were repealed.
Some of us fought back in stealth and hid away a class set of our Warriner’s Englsih Grammar and Composition books. The librarian, in stealth, even boxed the class sets that were returned to her, again under strict authoritarian orders from the top down, so she could make sure they were tossed in the trash bin. Instead, she boxed them for the future when the idiots at the top discovered the mistake they had forced on the teachers, and stored them hidden away in the libraries back room with lots of other boxed books.
When the administration learned from some snitch that some of us were teaching stealth grammar and not writing it down in our lesson plans, that we were forced to turn in every Friday so administration could check to see if we were following orders, student spies were recruited and one of them snitched on me. I was called to the office one day after school and the princpal yelled at me and threatened my job if I didn’t stop teaching stealth grammar for 15 minutes a week the last 15 minutes every Friday. He was so intimidating that my Marine Corps training kicked in and I was eyeing his throat where I was getting ready to tear it out and kill him when the VP in the room noticed the look in my eyes and intervened probably to save the life of the principal and keep me out of jail. later, on another day, when we ran into each other in the staff room when no witnesses were around, she stopped me and told me she was sorry for the way he had treated me and she agreed with the teachers. That VP found another job in another district and quit at the end of that year.
It is obvious that the authoritarian, for-profit corporate war against public education had its start in the 1980s soon after the Dark Prince and servant of Lucifer, Ronald Reagan, released the fraudulent “A Nation at Risk” report. The obvious conspiracy behind this war has a long history going back decades. Either that, or what is happening to public education in the U.S. helps explain how great civilizations destroy themselves when powerful and wealthy psychopaths, the 0.1%, lose the ability to reason and think and act like they are gods or demons.
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I wouldn’t even be surprised to find out that some horribly bastardized version of “whole language” was championed by California and your principal. I still have a copy of Warriner’s High School Handbook sitting on a shelf above my head. I have to say, though, that I really didn’t internalize a lot of it until I had to teach some of it. Grammar was taught in isolation from its applications when I was in K-12. I had no idea how to use it to refine my writing or help me deconstruct difficult text. Now, I can find the bones of an idea and add back on the details that add to its richness USING GRAMMAR, but nobody taught me how to do that. It took wrestling with it as a special ed teacher trying to figure out how to make it useful and accessible to my students.
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I discovered that the best way to learn grammar was to teach it, so I divided my classes into groups and assigned each group a lesson to teach from Warriners. The job of each student group was to study the grammar and or mechanics skill they were to teach the class and come up with their own worksheets and quizzes. Me, I sat in the back during these lessons and graded each group based on delivery (teaching), accuracy and the material they had created as a group for the rest of the class to do as the work that helped one learn.
Each lesson was worth points and after the team got its score with points earned, it was up to the individuals of the team to decide how to divide up those points based on the contribution of each member of the group. For instance, a group might earn a C for its lesson but some members would earn an A while others earned Ds or even an F because of the student that did nothing to contribute to the lesson. Students that earned grades lower than the group grade were allowed to defend themselves but none ever did. In every instance, the students that earned Ds or Fs while other group members earned As or Bs admitted that they had done little to nothing as members of the team and accepted the grade the group had decided they had earned. Some teams, or course, divided up the points equally no matter what the group grade was.
What I found amazing is that when the students were teaching the other students, there were never any disruptive behavior problems and the students appeared to be more engaged than when I was the teacher. Over the years I kept finding different ways to guide the students to teach each other in these team settings. But I fond that as the autocratic Testocracy machine grew in power, that ability demised because there wasn’t enough time to allow the students to teach each other all the crap the tests demanded they demonstrate that they learned.
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‘I am glad I just missed the “whole language” movement.’
Fair enough. Too many ideas in one paragraph. The comparison between the philosophy of literacy development commonly referred to as “whole language” and phonics instruction always gets me going.
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As someone who has taught languages and studied languages and linguistics, I think Janet said it best. The point of the test is to dwell on petty minutiae for the purpose of sorting and ranking students. All writers need to have some understanding of conventions and mechanics in order to convey meaning. However, understanding of the rules of grammar does not make anyone an excellent writer. Writing is a complex task that involves much more than grammar; most of all, writing is about meaning. Some components of writing in addition to grammar may include vocabulary, tone, style, organization, imagery, and audience. The complexity of writing is one of the reasons the computer algorithms fail to evaluate effective writing. Computers cannot think!
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It’s no accident that all of the things that these tests focus on are things that can be graded by a computer.
Just like in the US, “reform” is being driven by technology.
It’s just another manifestation of “ctrl-alt-delete” — humans serving computers (and nerds like Bill Gates) rather than computers serving human needs.
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“Amid the gloom of unsavoury Sats and enforced academisation, comes one delicious moment of joy. Schools minister Nick Gibb doesn’t know his subordinating conjunctions from his prepositions. He can’t answer one of the questions he has set children. Despite this woeful (in his eyes) ignorance – though, tellingly, when his mistake is pointed out he says ‘This isn’t about me’ – he has managed to become and to remain a government minister. Need one say any more about the pointlessness of the Spag test?”
That really is wonderful. I would love to give Arne Duncan or Jeb Bush one of the 7th grade math questions. I insist they do any necessary computations on the clunky, horrible online tool they gave public school students. I’ll even spot them an advantage- they probably have a reliable internet connection, unlike our unfashionable and neglected public schools.
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While we’re at it, Chiara, how about giving President Obama, Bill Gates, Eli Broad, the Waltons, and oh, while we’re at it, Campbell Brown and Eva Moskowitz math questions? Heck, give them all a reading question, too.
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I also want “data walls” at the US Department of Education where all their individual “performance metrics” are publicly posted:
“Diving Into Data,” a 2014 paper published jointly by the nonprofit Jobs for the Future and the U.S. Education Department, offers step-by-step instructions for data walls that “encourage student engagement” and “ensure students know the classroom or school improvement goals and provide a path for students to reach those goals.”
“I regretted those data walls immediately. Even an adult faced with a row of red dots after her name for all her peers to see would have to dig deep into her hard-won sense of self to put into context what those red dots meant in her life and what she would do about them. An 8-year-old just feels shame.”
It’s just gross that the data freaks did this to children.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/05/19/data-walls/
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I wouldn’t even do this to college kids, but to do this to minors is unconscionable. It’s all part of the “shaming” process that goes on in too many of the schools, a lot of the charter schools, but also a lot of the public schools now.
Treat the kids like little, data-producing robots to advance the interests of the education-industrial complex. Produce adults who will do what their companies will tell them without questioning and who will accept inferior pay and working conditions, and who will vote as they are “supposed to.” Oh, and who will produce profits for all the edu-companies along the way.
{{Sigh}}
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It is like digital bullying that can then become digital social engineering. There is a huge potential for abuse, not only for who may get their hands on the data, but also for putting preconceived limits on opportunity and access for some students, especially students of poverty and those with special needs.
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The children, parents and teachers in the U.S. and the U.K. must form a coalition of resistance and fight together to destroy the autocratic, for-profit Testocracy empire that worships at the alter of avarice.
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Reblogged this on David R. Taylor-Thoughts on Education.
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