Rick Perlstein is a brilliant writer who usually writes about national politics. Since he lives in Chicago, he couldn’t help but notice the hostile takeover of the public schools by a small, interconnected corporate elite. He applies his journalistic and scholarly skills to unraveling this sordid story.
He begins with a story about an educator who was recently “reassigned” (fired) by the Mayor’s school board.
Perlstein writes:
“This past September, an award-winning Chicago Public Schools principal named Troy LaRaviere published a post on his blog that began, “Whenever I try to take a break from writing about CPS to focus on other aspects of my professional and personal life, CPS officials do something so profoundly unethical, incompetent and/or corrupt that my conscience calls me to pick up the pen once more.”
“What had Principal LaRaviere going this time? We’ll get there eventually. But first we have to back up and survey what brought the Chicago Public Schools to this calamitous pass in the first place. It’s hard to know where to begin. Though when it comes to the failings of America’s institutions you can rarely go wrong by looking to the plutocrats.
“Travel back with me, then, to July of 2003, when the Education Committee of the Civic Committee of the Commercial Club of Chicago — comprised of the chairman of the board of McDonald’s, the CEOs of Exelon Energy and the Chicago Board Options Exchange, two top executives of the same Fortune 500 manufacturing firm, two partners at top international corporate law firms, one founder of an investment bank, one of a mutual fund, and the CEO of a $220.1 billion asset-management fund: twelve men, all but one of them white — published “Left Behind: Student Achievement in Chicago’s Public Schools.”
“Chicago’s schools were in pathetic shape, these captains of industry explained: only 36 percent of eleventh graders met or exceeded state reading standards, only 26 percent reached math standards, only 22 percent were up to snuff in science, and 40 percent had by then dropped out.
“They found hope, however, in a new kind of educational institution called a “charter school” — “publicly-funded but independent, innovative schools that operate with greater flexibility and give parents whose children attend failing schools an option they do not have.”
“At that point Chicago had fifteen charters. The seven that were high schools scored an average of 17 percent higher on Illinois’ relatively new benchmark, the Prairie State Achievement Exam, said the report. Their graduation rates were 12 percent higher, attendance rates 8 percent higher, and dropouts 9 percent lower.
“So if a little was good, more must be better — right?
“Chicago should have at least 100 charter schools,” the Education Committee concluded. “These would be new schools, operating outside the established school system and free of many of the bureaucratic or union-imposed constraints that now limit the flexibility of regular public schools.”
“The problem was a school system that “responds more to politics and pressures from the school unions than to community or parental demands for quality,” and a municipal government that worries more about “avoiding labor discord and maintaining the political support of teachers and their labor unions than with advancing the education of children.”
Charters, though — poof! — possessed the magic power to make all the bad stuff disappear, because they bottled the stuff that made America great: “Competition — which is the engine of American productivity generally.” But how might schools, like convenience stores, compete? Just measure student performance, and close the schools that “underperform.” The 103-page report thus deployed the word “data” forty-five times, “score,” “scored,” or “scoring” 60 times — and “test,” “tested,” and “testing,” or “exam” and “examination,” some 1.47573 times per page.
“And, since these were the behind-the-scenes barons who veritably ran the city, it wasn’t even a year before the Chicago Public Schools headquarters on 125 S. Clark St. announced the “Renaissance 2010” initiative to close eighty traditional public schools and open precisely one hundred charters by 2010.
“Lo, like pedagogical kudzu, the charters came forth: forty-six of them, with names like “Infinity Math, Science, and Technology High School,” “Rickover Naval Academy High School,” “Aspira Charter School,” and “DuSable Leadership Academy of Betty Shabazz International Charter School.” Although, funny thing, rather than resembling the plucky, innovative — “flexible” — startups the rhetoric promised, the schools that flourished looked like factories stamped out by central planning. The skills most rewarded by Chicago’s charter boom became corporate marketing, regulatory capture, and outright graft.
“Left Behind” singled out one “stand out school”: the Noble Street Charter High School. Following the Renaissance 2010 report, Noble Street metastasized into the “Noble Network.” They opened sixteen schools, many named after the businesspeople who funded them, like Pritzker College Prep, Rauner College Prep, Rowe-Clark College Prep. (John Rowe and Frank Clark are both executives of the energy company Exelon, formed in a merger brokered by Rahm Emanuel in his investment banker days; Rowe was a member of the committee that authored “Left Behind” and also a member of the Noble Network’s board of directors.)
“Indeed, Noble runs just the kind of schools you’d expect to be sponsored by industrialists: their students are underprivileged waifs in uniforms who are fined for minor disciplinary infractions. The network is “founded,” its promotional materials promise, “on many of the same entrepreneurial principles that have built successful businesses — strong leadership, meaningful use of data, and a high degree of accountability.”
This is a well-written story of arrogance, greed, corruption, and deceit.
It is reassuring to see the Chicago story breaking out of the education media and into broader political discourse. The article “follows the money,” which is necessary these days. The character who is missing in this drama is Arne Duncan, who launched “Renaissance 2010,” which was a dismal failure. Why was he selected as Secretary of Education? Why was he allowed to impose the Chicago model on the nation? The public schools needed help and they were plundered. They became a plaything for Chicago’s elite. No one seemed to think about the children.

“And, finally, there were three campuses — eventually ballooning to sixteen — run by the “neighborhood organization” UNO. UNO was basically an old-school machine organization, rife with padded contracts, nepotistic hires, and graft. Its CEO, Juan Rangel, was Emanuel’s 2011 campaign chairman. In 2014, the network was charged with securities fraud.”
Ah, but they got rid of those icky labor unions and all that “politics” that was gumming up the works.
Ed reform politics and charter lobbying is pure and selfless! 🙂
It’s just a different set of lobbyists, which should surprise no one who has ever seen government contracting of (formerly) public services operate. They’re either incredibly naive or willfully blind to the risk.
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Troy LaRaviere endorsed Bernie Sanders and appeared in a great ad for him:
In related news, today the Guardian reported that Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump share the same tax haven address in Delaware, along with 285,000 tax-dodging corporations like Walmart, American Airlines, Coca Cola, Apple, etc.
Clinton and Trump are of, by, and for the same corporate oligarchy that is destroying public schools in Chicago and across the country. Bernie Sanders is of, by, and for the people.
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/apr/25/delaware-tax-loophole-1209-north-orange-trump-clinton?
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Charles Koch recently stated that Hillary Clinton would be a better choice for president than the current members of the Republican field. What does that say about Hillary’s “progressive” agenda? She may be a social liberal like Obama, but her economic position like Obama is corporatist. That’s why the Kochs think she would be acceptable.
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In all fairness to Hillary, she immediately said she didn’t want Charles Koch’s support or that of any other climate change denier (front page of today’s NY Times).
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David Koch and Clinton friend, Madelyn Albright, are both on the Aspen Institute board. John King is a Fellow of the Aspen Institute’s “New Schools Entrepreneurial Leaders for Public Education”.
Gates gave $22 million to the “New Schools Venture Fund” and almost $2 million to the Pahara Aspen Institute, both of which were founded by the same person, who, also, co-founded Bellwether (a recipient of Gates funding).
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Reblogged this on Crazy Normal – the Classroom Exposé and commented:
This is a true fact based story of arrogance, greed, corruption, and deceit that set out to destroy the community based, non-profit, transparent, democratic public schools of Chicago.
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We see the same MO in many cities. A group of well connected individuals buy the political clout to crush unions and gain access to the cash cow of public funds to create a corporate form of education. They get tax credits, little interference, and profit which they can hide. It is a big win for the wealthy. This has little to do with students, and more about an easy opportunity for greed.
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As he opened the program, Roosevelt University Professor Paul Green asked the crowd of 340, “How many of you have children in Chicago Public Schools?” About 20 hands went up.
“I think (Lewis is) right on a lot of issues,” one parent told me. Kristie Hansen, an Edison Park resident, has two daughters in the Chicago Public Schools.
Hansen will stand with a strike, she said, if that’s what it will take to get CPS and other powers to find new revenue for the schools.
“Yeah, I am prepared as a parent because my kids and I do understand,” she said.”
I’d like to see how many hands would go up in Congress- children or grandchildren.
http://chicago.suntimes.com/opinion/karen-lewis-may-play-with-fire-but-she-didnt-start-it/
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In Chicago, which has a residency requirement for municipal employees, including teachers, a whopping 40% of CPS teachers opt their own children out of CPS schools and send them to privates. That sure sends an interesting message! In a related development, lots of whites opt out of CPS as well–the city is 33% white, but CPS is just 9.4% white.
The parent who is ready to stand with a strike lives in one of Chicago’s 90% white far north side neighborhoods and sends her oldest daughter to an ultra selective exam school that’s adored by US News. Solidarity!
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Once again, Non Sequitur has inflicted a terrible wound on himself.
If the numbers are even remotely accurate and reliable, and not arbitrarily selected to “prove” a point, then they are painful testimony to the vicious efficiency and casual cruelty of the Eva Moskowitz look/actalikes that continue to wreak havoc on CPS.
Another example of how rheephormsters create the very problems (rheeal and real) that they rail against.
And when I write that the default setting for the enforcers and “thought” leaders of rheephorm is the sneer, jeer and smear—see the snide comments below re Troy LaRaviere.
For shame.
☹️
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Tim’s indictment should be leveled at the richest 0.1%, who starve the common good by tax avoidance, concentrated wealth and political campaigns against collective ownership of goods that benefit the 99%. Hedge funds and Silicon Valley moguls, using the political process to skim for profits, from kids’ educations, puts colonialism on display.
If Tim does his reform apologist routine for money, he should find something else to do. His posts read like he’s phoning it in.
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“Right now, 31 states are at pre-recession levels in education funding and a new series on NPR delves into persistent funding inequity due to state and local funding formulas. Just one example highlights the inequity: In Chicago Ridge, a low-income suburb outside Chicago, annual per-pupil funding is about $9,794. In Rondout, a high-income suburb, per-pupil funding is about $28,639, nearly three times higher.
Collectively or individually, Schneider and her allies have called for more funding for early learning, wraparound services, smaller classes, higher salaries, common planning time, etc. We agree on the need for more funding but we disagree on the argument and the fact that underfunding and inequity is so prevalent suggests their case could be strengthened.”
I wish someone would ask ed reform “movement” leaders in federal and state government about this.
Why have public schools lost so much funding on their watch? We have tons of tests and lots and lots of “accountability” schemes. The Obama Administration added a whole new layer with the teacher ranking schemes.
When does the “support for public schools” start? It’s been 16 years of the Bush/Obama agenda. How long are we supposed to listen to these promises? They never follow thru on the “support”.
http://educationpost.org/look-im-not-the-enemy-but-investing-in-education-without-accountability-just-doesnt-work/
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I read the Cunningham link, and his reasoning fails to hold water. If poverty is to blame for poor students’ low scores, then why invest in them? Students can learn many things without getting high test scores, and there are many forms of accountability without using test scores, which he seems to not understand. His statement that teachers are the only thing that can “save” poor students is naive. Teachers working in impoverished schools with large class sizes cannot do their best work. How about creating an economy that increases wages for all members of society? More than just teachers need to invest in our future voters.
What we have seen since our 2008 meltdown is the deliberate manipulations of many legislatures, governors and mayors to starve and undermine public education. At the same time these same people expand charters and close public schools. This is not an accident; it is done by design.
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The year, 2003, was also the year Kim Smith was interviewed in Philanthropy Roundtable, about New Schools Venture Fund ($22 million in Gates’ grants). In the interview, she describes marching orders and the creation of different school brands. Smith, subsequently, founded Pahara Aspen Institute ($2 million in Gates grants). David Koch is on the Aspen Institute Board. John King, Secretary of Education, who was recently confirmed by all but one Democratic senator, is a Fellow of the Aspen Institute’s “New Schools Entrepreneurial Leaders for Public Education”.
The plot to take money intended for the children of the 99%, is clear.
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Unfortunately there is a relatively small group of public educators and an even smaller group of citizens who are aware of the reform situation. As a teacher I strongly believe that parents are the only ones who can really change thing (like in N.Y.) Lately I am almost as discouraged with parent apathy as with rich reformers. I sometimes think we should just give the whole thing to these clowns and see if they could really do what they say at a profit.
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In my experience in a district that has slowly but surely been completely taken over by reformers/deformers, it is not that few teachers, administrators or parents (and even union reps) are unaware of abusive problems in their schools, it is that they don’t see the big picture and thus continue to engage in isolated local battles rather than joining the national war.
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I’m a big fan of Perlstein’s books and not a fan of how Chicago implemented its school closures, but this piece feels less than thorough.
Chicago’s total public school enrollment has decreased from 582,274 in 1968 to 392,285 today (56,147 in charters; 336,138 in traditional public schools). This seems like information a reader should have in a discussion of school closings! Charters or no charters, CPS has never truly right-sized itself, and that plays a role in its resource issues.
Troy LaRaviere may indeed be a great guy, but when you hold up the improvement in black kids’ meeting standards at Blaine Elementary, you probably ought to mention that black kids currently make up 4% of the enrollment, and that the school is 56% white and only 20% FRPL-eligible: in other words, Blaine looks nothing at all like a typical CPS school.
But it’s this passage that troubles me the most:
“[Schools] are living, breathing communities, congeries of qualitative values and human interrelationships, storehouses of trust, friendship, heritage, and other such difficult-to-quantify characteristics that can only but accrue over time, and which, once severed, can never be replaced.”
What if the living, breathing community has for years adequately prepared a low single-digit percentage of its students for college? What if the living, breathing community is actually dangerous and chaotic? Perlstein idealized view of a neighborhood school (and let’s not even get into all the baggage that accompanies that term in a hypersegregated city like Chicago) simply doesn’t exist for huge numbers of at-risk Chicago kids. In many cases it didn’t exist for their parents or grandparents, either.
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And, the people who have concentrated their wealth (through political manipulation), can be counted on to be saviors, instead of repeating their patterns of exploitation?
Denial of economic opportunity for an entire world, has as its cause, the concentrated wealth of people like Gates, the Waltons and hedge funds. The people ranked at the top of the richest lists, have corporate records of performance, relative to providing good-paying jobs for minorities and all of the 99%, that are deplorable. (No real US wage increase in 40 years).
Global outsourcing of jobs is not for cheaper labor, it is to exploit labor and to avoid health and safety precautions.
Bottom line- since the reformers’ kids’ schools, reject reform design, either men like Gates et al, think the kids of the 99% are inferior, requiring different training (“human capital pipelines”) or, Gates et al, are just doing the usual colonialist exploitation, starting with the most vulnerable, in U.S. urban areas and poor countries in Asia and Africa.
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Tim, you automatically assume that the loss in population led to the closing of schools when the truth is far more complicated. Asking why people left may lead you to a better understanding of what is really going on.
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