Our frequent commentator, Laura H. Chapman, here reflects on the current view of the role of higher education–not as a place of exploration and liberal learning, but as a preparation for the global workplace.
She writes:
For higher education, some new metrics from USDE were supposed to show “best value education” meaning cost versus payoff for graduates in paychecks–return on investment. The policy was marketed as being “transparent” for the benefit of customers of education. Even without formal requirements from USDE, the governors in more than one state are pushing for the same thing. Ohio’s Kasich is among them, but he wants evidence of economic payoffs for Ohio.
This “economic outcomes only” philosophy will turn many public institutions of higher education into something like trade schools, kill off studies in the arts and humanities, tank basic research, and take the short-term political gain from this “transformative strategy” pretending there are no historically informed and valid sources of information on the benefits produced by these institutions, not just economic.
The virtues of the university as a vibrant source of new knowledge have been channeled into the business of learning to be an entrepreneur, doing the elevator pitch, getting the business plan in place and getting capital for a start up and go for it, then do your deals. Lots of very wealthy people and some fantastic achievements have come from this way of looking at the value of higher education. Donald Trump knows this drill, flaunts it, runs for President on it. Meanwhile the university as a reservoir of uncommon knowledge and expertise, well spring of new knowledge, and safe haven for learning what others have thought (and why), learning to question what you think, and learning what life may offer beyond a job–all of that is being portrayed as a lost cause.
That lost-cause view is evident in The American Enterprise Institute’s recent publication: “An Education Agenda for 2016: Conservative Solutions for Expanding Opportunity.” This 92 page report is telling its audience to ridicule “traditional” college curricula, tenured faculty, and middle class college students who “graduate from college completely unprepared to deal with the hazards, hassles, inconveniences, and disappointments of the real world.”
The report recommends that politicians stereotype college educators, say that they “see their students as mere children who are to be protected from the adult word, including through the use of strictly enforced, politically correct speech codes.”
The report freely recommends that colleges and universities be described as expensive venues that “offer whatever educational programs their tenured faculty are willing and able to teach, regardless of actual workforce needs.”
This is the attack language of persons who are among the intellectual elite in our nation.
They have learned that it works. There are no penalties for being rude, crude, and shortsighted and also a graduate of Harvard, Yale, Brandeis, Dartmouth, the University of Chicago, Columbia University, or Notre Dame. Just throw out this stereotyping language to dismantle public education.
The bios of the authors of this agenda indicate that, collectively, they attended seventeen different universities. Seven of these are public.
I am not certain that there are any voices left to be advocates for aims in higher education broader than an immediate payoff in paychecks. It is clear that one of the major conservative solutions for expanding “opportunity” to be in charge of education policy is to use a bully pulpit of privilege to demean the work of faculty and public colleges and universities.
Bottom line: The intellectual elite are marketing anti-intellectualism in order to gain control of national policy in education. They do not want to be the company of well-informed citizens who can discern the difference between spin and substance.

Brava, Laura Chapman, thank you for illuminating the vocational undermining of higher education.
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I just found this article at Harpers’ about the neoliberalism that has has infected colleges, and now higher education’s mission is now merely about churning out needed workers, and nothing else.
http://harpers.org/archive/2015/09/the-neoliberal-arts/
The author, William Deresiewicz, contrasts a certain university’s century old mission statement:
“The paramount obligation of a college is to develop in its students the ability to think clearly and independently, and the ability to live confidently, courageously, and hopefully.”
has been replaced by the vague neoliberal concepts of
“leadership
“service
“integrity
“creativity
“Let us take a moment to compare these texts.
“The first thing to observe about the older one is that it is a sentence. It expresses an idea by placing concepts in relation to one another within the kind of structure that we call a syntax. It is, moreover, highly wrought: a parallel structure underscored by repetition, five adverbs balanced two against three.
“A spatial structure, the sentence also suggests a temporal sequence. Thinking clearly, it wants us to recognize, leads to thinking independently. Thinking independently leads to living confidently. Living confidently leads to living courageously. Living courageously leads to living hopefully.
“And the entire chain begins with a college that recognizes it has an obligation to its students, an obligation to develop their abilities to think and live.
“Finally, the sentence is attributed to an individual. It expresses her convictions and ideals. It announces that she is prepared to hold herself accountable for certain responsibilities.
“The second text is not a sentence. It is four words floating in space, unconnected to one another or to any other concept. Four words — four slogans, really — whose meaning and function are left undefined, open to whatever interpretation the reader cares to project on them.
“Four words, three of which — ‘leadership,’ ‘service,’ and ‘creativity’ — are the loudest buzzwords in contemporary higher education. (‘Integrity’ is presumably intended as a synonym for the more familiar ‘character,’ which for colleges at this point means nothing more than not cheating.)
“The text is not the statement of an individual; it is the emanation of a bureaucracy. In this case, a literally anonymous bureaucracy: no one could tell me when this version of the institution’s mission statement was formulated, or by whom. No one could even tell me who had decided to hang those banners all over campus. The sentence from the founder has also long been mounted on the college walls. The other words had just appeared, as if enunciated by the zeitgeist.
“But the most important thing to note about the second text is what it doesn’t talk about: thinking or learning. In what it both does and doesn’t say, it therefore constitutes an apt reflection of the current state of higher education. College is seldom about thinking or learning anymore. Everyone is running around trying to figure out what it is about. So far, they have come up with buzzwords, mainly those three.”
William Deresiewicz talks about Scott Walker changing Wisconsin’s state university mission to “to provide the needed members of the workforce.”
He later asks a different university president the most important thing students should learn.
“Leadership.”
He eventually articulates why neoliberalism with this “leadership” emphasis troubles him.
http://harpers.org/archive/2015/09/the-neoliberal-arts/8/
William Deresiewicz:
“The worst thing about ‘leadership,’ the notion that society should be run by highly trained elites, is that it has usurped the place of ‘citizenship,’ the notion that society should be run by everyone together.
“Not coincidentally, citizenship — the creation of an informed populace for the sake of maintaining a free society, a self-governing society — was long the guiding principle of education in the United States. To escape from neoliberal education, we must escape from neoliberalism. If that sounds impossible, bear in mind that neoliberalism itself would have sounded impossible as recently as the 1970s. As late as 1976, the prospect of a Reagan presidency was played for laughs on network television.
“Instead of treating higher education as a commodity, we need to treat it as a right. Instead of seeing it in terms of market purposes, we need to see it once again in terms of intellectual and moral purposes. That means resurrecting one of the great achievements of postwar American society: high-quality, low- or no-cost mass public higher education. An end to the artificial scarcity of educational resources. An end to the idea that students must compete for the privilege of going to a decent college, and that they then must pay for it.”
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A sad commentary, but so true.
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As always, Laura researches and reports with true academic insights.
It is alarming to realize that this corporate push to demoralize true higher education (with the goal of creating critical and creative thinking) in favor of a marshal arts concept to convert students to warriors, is becoming acceptable. These newly trained corporate warriors will aim only to enrich themselves and their heroes, the 1%.
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I would be very interested to see the ties to ALEC and the neoliberal Friedman-worshipping think tanks and this push to monetize higher ed.
Florida governor Rick Scott introduced these self same ideas early in his first term over 5 years ago; he floated the idea of eliminating state funding for programs that did not guarantee big bucks for the schools and their grads during the terrible early years of the big bank-caused recession. The time was not yet ripe.
The public backlash at the time was swift and very strongly negative especially when it came to light his own daughter was a recent graduate in a ‘soft’ area.
It is no accident that these ideas are recycled and appear simultaneously in every conservative legisltature and governor’s mansion. The Friedman disciples are playing a long game and they have been planning and executing their plan for a long, long time.
Now that the neoliberal takeover of the democratic party has succeeded the only opposition left is we the people and we need to turn off the reality shows and forego the other circus-like distractions long enough to put paid to the ideas that our country was founded upon and rid ourselves of these momey grubbing vampires.
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Here is a link to an ALEC publication on higher education, titled “10 Questions Legislators Should Ask About Higher Education. “The guide is intended to help you maximize the return on taxpayer dollars while enhancing the quality of higher education American college students receive.” This is for Question 8, “Are College Students Prepared to Enter the Workforce/” but all of the questions are worth looking at http://www.alec.org/wp-content/uploads/Question8.pdf
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Thanks Laura! Great information. The FL legislature and governor’s mansion have been totally captured by ALEC since the Bush governorship.
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These crass dot.com and hedge fund million and billionaires are motivated by materialism and connections. Even the old robber barons of the 19th had some idea of promoting culture and the arts. They contributed to libraries and museums. Some even left endowments to help other deserving people along the way. Our current group of privileged seems to lack any sense of responsibility to the greater good. The only good they value is ROI. They want to secure opportunities for themselves and their own progeny. As for everyone else, “Let them eat cake.”
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I see what you did there, RT, and cannot unthink the corollary: in French, the meaning of “ROI” is “KING.” Let them eat cake indeed.
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Henry Giroux has some very interesting things to say about the things Laura mentions in this recent talk talk
Looking at school reform is kind of like looking at a small piece of a hologram, which still contains a complete view of the whole picture.
What is happening to schools follows a basic pattern that is being repeated in nearly every aspect of our society. And that is no coincidence.
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Thank you Poet for this great link. I have spent the past hour listening to Giroux who expands on, and clarifies, so many of the issues we discuss. Have sent this link to many others.
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It is the worship of Mammon. “The worship of wealth makes the strong arrogant and the weak servile, corrupting the spirit of both.” Ikeda
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We used to believe:
We train animals
We educate people.
Ideas we seem to have lost somewhere along the line.
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This is happening in Japan. Several universities are abandoning liberal arts studies in hopes of producing more “employable” graduates. Puts me in mind of Atwood’s prescient “Oryx & Crake” and the sad, underfunded “Martha Graham” liberal arts college the academically under-achieving Jimmy attends. The Crake of the title, on the other hand, attends Watson-Crick and is quickly snatched up for employ in biotech, thus reinforcing the idea that the arts and humanities aren’t “good” for anything unless they can produce economically linked “outcomes.”
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Steve Jobs famously credited a noncredit course in calligraphy for the success of Apple computers. He learned about the beauty of proportionate fonts ( his term was beauty) and demanded that they become standard, replacing those little green pixels in grids. J.K. Rowling credits her success as a writer with fleeing from the business courses her parents expected her to take and instead “running toward the classics department.” The seeding of ideas that may have economic payoff is not the point of studies in the arts and humanities, but it can be a bonus.
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This makes no sense given the randomness of pay out here in the real world.
How do you think university majors that attract predominantly females will fare?
Where have these people who made this decision been living?
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I believe every child should have a dual track education: one to develop bread-earning ability; the other to develop the soul.
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ouch! America’s own version of 1960s Chinese cultural revolution – the only difference being – instead of the communist party finding ways to destroy intellectuals, it’s the business interests who are determined (just like the communist party) to keep their power over the American electorate in every way possible.
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Catherine – wow. It’s been awhile since any revelations here have caused goosebumps down my spine.
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Reblogged this on David R. Taylor-Thoughts on Education.
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Republican presidential candidate, Carson, is spewing blather about higher education.
In an odd one-off, conservative columnist, David Brooks, recently praised what he described as a uniform movement among universities, away from career orientation to a broader approach.
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