Nicholas Tampio, political science professor at Fordham University, here explains the profit-driven ambitions of Pearson and the philosophy of Michael Barber, the chief academic officer of Pearson. It is no surprise that Pearson looks to the American testing market as a cash cow. It is no surprise that it hires the best lobbyists in Washington, D.C., and in the key state capitols. It is no surprise that it is extending its reach across the globe, trying to persuade other nations that they need standardized tests to measure children and adults.
But what you need to read about is Michael Barber’s driving ideology, which he summarized in his book “Deliverology.”
We can learn more about Pearson and its sweeping vision for the future by turning to a 2011 book by the company’s chief academic officer, Michael Barber. In “Deliverology 101: A Field Guide for Educational Leaders,” he lays out his philosophy and, unintentionally, reveals why parents, teachers and politicians must do everything they can to break Pearson’s stranglehold on education policy around the world.
Barber has worked on education policy for British Prime Minister Tony Blair as well as for McKinsey & Co. “Deliverology,” written with assistance from two other McKinsey experts, is clearly inflected by the worldview of management consulting.
The authors define “deliverology” as “the emerging science of getting things done” and “a systematic process for driving progress and delivering results in government and the public sector.” The book targets systems leaders, politicians who support education reform and delivery leaders, employees responsible for the day-to-day implementation of structural change.
Deliverology alternates between painting a big picture of what needs to be done and offering maxims such as “To aspire means to lead from the front” and “Endless public debate will create problems that could potentially derail your delivery effort.”
In a democracy, we do engage in “endless public debate,” but such debates slow down the reform train. That is why corporate reformers like mayoral control and state takeovers. They like one decider who can tell everyone what to do. Local school boards are not easy to capture, there are too many of them. Like ALEC, the corporate reformers want to bypass local school boards and give the governor–or a commission he appoints–total control.
Barber believes in the “alchemy of relationships,” or the power of a small group of people working together to enact structural change. For example, Barber applauds Barack Obama’s Race to the Top program for providing a “once-in-a-generation opportunity to transform public education in America,” including through the Common Core. Barber’s book offers leaders advice on how to implement the Common Corestandards that Pearson employees helped write.
Taking inspiration from Margaret Thatcher’s motto “Don’t tell me what, tell me how,” Barber rarely discusses what schools should teach or cites scholarship on pedagogy. Instead, the book emphasizes again and again that leaders need metrics — e.g., standardized test scores — to measure whether reforms are helping children become literate and numerate. Of course, Pearson just happens to be one of the world’s largest vendors of the products Barber recommends for building education systems.
This spring, a prominent anti–Common Core activist tweeted, “I don’t think the Ed reformers understand the sheer fury of marginalized parents.” Barber understands this fury but thinks the “laggards” will come around once enough people see the positive results.
Deliverology even instructs leaders how to respond to common excuses from people who object to education reform.
“Deliverology” is a field guide — or a battle plan — showing education reformers how to push ahead through all resistance and never have second thoughts. As Barber quotes Robert F. Kennedy, “Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly.” Parents and teachers who do not want to adapt to the new state of affairs are branded “defenders of the status quo.” Barber ends the book by telling reformers to stick with their plans but acknowledge the emotional argument of opponents: “I understand why you might be angry; I would not enjoy this if it were happening to me either.”
The best way to throw a monkey wrench into the plans of the “deliverologists” is to resist. Opt out. Refuse the test. Join with other parents to resist. Say no. Don’t let Pearson define your child.

I read recently that the UFT just voted down an initiative to support opt out. If the national unions worked at getting parental support for opting out the testing regime would collapse. Randi Weingarten talks about standardized testing abuse but what actions has she proposed?
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Randi Weingarten supports school reform.
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Exactly! She is just another crony who is collecting an exorbitant salary off the backs of students and teachers. Education will never improve until the huge bureaucracy is gutted; and with that I mean the elimination of at least 75% of District Administrative positions. These people can’t even explain their job titles much less their day to day responsibilities. It’s simple if the job is not directly tied to helping students it’s gotta go. I’m tired of hearing Districts cry foul over not having money for basic supplies or raise. My former District has an operating budget of close to 4 billion dollars and is always crying broke. They are broke because they have hundreds of paper pushers making over 120 K.
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What better time for a “Rising” than Easter?
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When I’m baking bread???
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“Endless public debate could ….derail your delivery ……” See that with the way our superintendent manages and controls the dissemination of information and discussion.
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That too is my experience with all levels of administration ( including state representatives), and yet we are to give or students “choice.” I have been called “combative” when I have respectfully asked for the reasons behind our newest initiative, especially when I ask how it will increase student learning. But we need to keep doing it and encourage our colleagues also. We are professionals and our professional judgment is meaningful and valuable.
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Thank you for standing up. Consider taking photos and posting them.
When police were summoned (like they were waiters), to eject a respectful teacher making a point at a school board meeting in Buffalo, it made the media and the video was posted on Youtube.
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Why Americans give up their sovereignty to a foreign company (Pearson) for the future of our children is strange. End testing. End corporate control. End the insanity.
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Perhaps the problem isn’t Wall Street as much as it is the City of London
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Or, the government of Libya? This fall, Mother Jones reported Libya is the 3rd largest shareholder of Pearson.
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MathVale,
American firms sold their educational publishers–Viacom sold Simon & Schuster’s ed division, including Prentice Hall & Silver Burdett, to Pearson in ’98. The FTC approved the sale even tho Pearson had already bought Scott Foresman and Addison Wesley.
Not so different from Manhattan Island for $24 worth of trinkets?
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It’s a vision of social rank and station that we revolted against a few years back, if anyone still remembers why we did that.
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I think this is where I came in …
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Barber expects everyone to squeal like a pig for him as he. . . .
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Dueling banjos has been one of my favorite bluegrass tunes since before Deliverance. From wiki:
“Dueling Banjos” is an instrumental composition by Arthur “Guitar Boogie” Smith. The song was composed in 1955 by Smith as a banjo instrumental he called “Feudin’ Banjos”, which contained riffs from “Yankee Doodle”. Smith recorded it playing a four-string plectrum banjo and accompanied by five-string bluegrass banjo player Don Reno. The composition’s first wide scale airing was on a 1963 television episode of “The Andy Griffith Show” called “Briscoe Declares for Aunt Bee”, in which it is played by visiting musical family the Darlings (played by The Dillards, a bluegrass group).
The song was made famous by the 1972 film Deliverance, which also led to a successful lawsuit by the song’s composer, as it was used in the film without his permission. The film version, arranged and recorded by Eric Weissberg and Steve Mandell and subsequently issued as a single, went to #2 for four weeks on the Hot 100 in 1973, all four weeks behind Roberta Flack’s “Killing Me Softly With His Song”, and topped the adult contemporary chart for two weeks the same year.[1] It reached #1 for one week on both the Cashbox and Record World pop charts. The song also reached No. 5 on the Hot Country Singles chart at the same time it was on the Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary Singles charts.
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Another way to throw a monkey wrench in their plans is to search for “field guides” like this by corporate reformers trying to infiltrate our school districts. They exist and they can be shocking.
I’m starting to find that documentation of such nefarious methods by superintendents and even principals is readily available. Our former Broadie superintendent had written his dissertation on forcing change. It’s hard to imagine that the school board had even bothered to read it. A recent candidate for principal at my neighborhood school left a trail of policy documents that revealed her to be driving a VAM implementation agenda, even holding a position with a state department of education that was created to implement a new law authorizing the use of VAM.
As Jonathan Pelto advised at last year’s NPE conference, try not to go a week without filing a public records request. It keeps them on their toes.
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Part of the genius of our political system used to be that it took a lot of time and effort to pass legislation. There was time to debate and refine what finally came to a vote. My father used to say that the genius of the two party system was that neither one could maintain control long enough to do severe damage. Neoliberalism has destroyed that balance. Deliverology takes advantage of neoliberalism’s ascendancy and focuses on riding roughshod over the democratic process just to get results. It matters not at all if the process destroys that which was valued. In educational policy, their quest to measure the outcomes of education is destroying what was valuable in the process of educating children: the process! They have ignored the importance of the “how” in order to focus on poorly designed measurement of their definition of the “what.”
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I agree. This education battle is a real test of Madison’s framework in the Constitution. Can checks and balances and separation of powers stop the national adoption of a poor education philosophy? I sure hope so.
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Nicholas,
To understand the COMPLETE INVALIDITY of the whole educational standards and standardized testing regime (and even the “grading” of students) I ask that you read and understand Noel Wilson’s never refuted nor rebutted treatise of them. I’ll post a summary and link below (above?) so as to not Chiletize the thread.
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“I understand why you might be angry; I would not enjoy this if it were happening to me either.”
The autocratic arrogance of Barber’s statement makes clear to me why this aspiring oligarch needs to be deposed. His patronizing paternalism makes me want to kick him in the shins!
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2old2teach: you’re aiming too low.
😎
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🙂
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Soft bigotry of low expectations????
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Señor Swacker: I mean if 2old2teach is of the firm opinion that a “kick” is needed when she has her “teachable moment” with Sir Barber—
Then it ought to land a bit farther north where it will be sure to catch his attention.
😎
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Get it now, Duane?
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Kick him in the “tests”
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🙂
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It’s almost embarrassing how politicians just swallow this stuff whole.
“Deliverology”!
Remember how they all adopted “The Skills Gap” which was relentlessly pushed by every CEO and monied interest in the country? They were all reciting that like parrots. Scott Walker was the first politician to deploy The Skills Gap against working people, and the dopes in DC all followed. They can’t even invent their own slogans.
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This is great find (from a Michigan public school blog).
It’s notes from a ed reform planning meeting in the 1990’s. It’s wild to read because the rhetoric is identical to that used by national ed reformers now. This may be the genesis of the talking points! 🙂
I also love how they underline “discredit public schools” – discrediting public schools was essential because they (rightly) recognized that people don’t actually hate public schools.
Take a look
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“Deliverology” – a preposterous and self-parodying name if there ever was one – sounds like a first cousin to “Trickeration,” which was a classic term from infamous boxing promoter and hustler Don King.
And it has about as much “scientific” validity.
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Duncan loves it. He quotes Sir Michael almost as often as he quotes Tom Freidman:
“Sir Michael’s five questions that make up his “Deliverology” are almost the opposite of the compliance-driven process of technical assistance that has prevailed at the U.S. Department of Education. His five, disarmingly simple questions are:
What are you trying to do?
How are you trying to do it?
How do you know you are succeeding?
If you’re not succeeding, how will you change things?
And last yet not least, how can we help you?”
These questions were a game-changer for him. What do you think so impresses them? I bet it’s the title. “Sir Michael” sounds so much more impressive than “that guy that works for Pearson that we all quote”
http://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/thinking-beyond-silver-bullets-remarks-secretary-arne-duncan-building-blocks-education-whole-system-reform-conference-toronto
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Thanks for this information, Chiara.
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There are several flaws in Barber’s authoritarian ideology. The largest flaw is that our country is a democracy. At least in theory, we are supposed to have a government of, by and for the people. The people are not asking the government to blow up public education, and the people are not demanding more testing of students. Another flaw is that testing does not improve outcomes for students. The PARCC testing is being used as a weapon of mass destruction. In this sense, perhaps we should call Pearson International a terrorist. A more prudent and productive approach would have been to study what is working and not working in public schools. Then, make changes from within the system that involve and respect the stakeholders.
Public education is suffering from a perfect storm of pinheads that are trying to pervert its very nature. In addition to authoritarianism, neoliberalism, neoconservativism, and vulture capitalism are all assaulting public education at once. When you add the Citizens United decision with deep pocketed billionaires exerting their influence and co-opting our representatives, you twist and mold public education to serve the interests of a few at the expense of many.
Those of us that believe that a democracy must serve the people must continue to fight for public schools. We want them to be better and stronger so they can serve all our citizens. We must not allow the federal, state or city governments to deny us our right to free, public (not charter) schools. Our democracy demands that we protect public education.
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Good one! Thank you
>
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Many thanks to the owner of this blog for this posting.
A few thoughts.
First, note that there is nothing new in the posting—we’ve seen this all, on the ground working itself out, for years and years here in the USA. And the piece by Nicholas Tampio is, I must say, rather understated. Good. The facts themselves are damning enough.
Second, let me do an English-to-English translation of “Deliverology”: it does not mean “delivering the goods” (aka genuine teaching and learning) to public school staffs, parents, students and communities; it means “delivering the goodies” (aka $tudent $ucce$$) to a select coterie of adults whose bank accounts and egos (not always in that order) are swollen by a “delivery man” like Mr. Barber. [Thank you, Bob Shepherd, for reminding me that Rheephormish always needs a rendering into plain English!]
Third, Deliverology is (as articulated by Mr. Barber) a business/political plan that masquerades as an education model. Hence the hypocrisy inherent in a scheme where the [public] high flying rhetoric and vague promises of those pushing the various “education reform” products cannot match actual results.
Fourth, a reminder that those most intimately aware of the nature and consequences of such eduproducts as CCSS do not prescribe the bitter medicine of rheephorm for the advantaged (most notably THEIR OWN CHILDREN) but reserve it for the vast of us, most specifically OTHER PEOPLE’S CHILDREN. And they do this openly, shamelessly, and with no regrets.
See this blog, “Common Core for Commoners, Not My School!”—
[start posting]
This is an unintentionally hilarious story about Common Core in Tennessee. Dr. Candace McQueen has been dean of Lipscomb College’s school of education and also the state’s’s chief cheerleader for Common Core. However, she was named headmistress of private Lipscomb Academy, and guess what? She will not have the school adopt the Common Core! Go figure.
[end posting]
Link: https://dianeravitch.net/2014/03/23/common-core-for-commoners-not-my-school/
Fifth, my final point. The gap between word and deed is not just one that involves pedagogy—democracy and morality are at play here too. But for all the billions of dollars and heavyweight political connections and MSM fawning and every other resource under the control of the BBBC* the edupreneurs and their educrat enablers and edubully enforcers and the rest can’t stand the light of day. *BoredBillionaireBoysClub*
They fear and loathe and commit Rhee Flees from honest, open and transparent discussion and debate. Yes, it will take more than words, but it starts with something that is fatally toxic to the putative “education reformers”: genuine learning and teaching.
So yes, action is needed.
“I prayed for twenty years but received no answer until I prayed with my legs.” [Frederick Douglass]
But it begins with something else:
“I freed a thousand slaves. I could have freed a thousand more if only they knew they were slaves.” [Harriet Tubman]
Information can stir self-awareness that awakens the desire to be treated with dignity and respect.
“Knowledge makes a man unfit to be a slave.” [Frederick Douglass]
“Diane Ravitch’s blog A site to discuss better education for all” — and in fine print below — “and makes us unfit to accept anything less.”
Please excuse the length of my comment but that’s how I see it…
😎
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In other words a bunch of arrogant elitists think they have the right to determine what other people’s children should be entitled to. Has anyone bothered to study what are the social and emotional effects of endless test camps? Have the people had any opportunity to weigh in on what they believe is best for their children? Do they think that creating tests that are inappropriate, poorly written, and defy grade level expectations will create higher standards? What it does is demoralize students, parents and teachers and produce invalid results! Someone with some clout must challenge the validity of these tests. Did they conduct any norm referencing on the PARCC? I knew someone that wrote an ESL test, and it took her almost seven years to standardize the tests before it could be sold. Even if this is not a standardized test, don’t they have to prove that the test measures what it purports to measure? The PARCC seems to be the product of gross negligence.
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“Someone with some clout must challenge the validity of these tests.”
That “validity” has already been proven to not exist. See below/above for my reference to Noel Wilson’s work.
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I think you should write a parody – call it “Drivelology”.
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PARCC and Pearson is the biggest rip-off in the history of public education. They are laughing all the way to the bank. Getting lots of cash for a low quality product is definitely a “cash cow.” I’m in the trenches daily, and believe me, I know what I am talking about.
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Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles had “The Communist Manifesto”
Hitler had “Mein Kampf”
Mao had his “Little Red Book”
Bill Gates has his rank and yank “Common Core State Standards”
Michael Barber has “Deliverology”
What do these five have in common?
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From my perspective, these are just management philosophies or trends. There are probably 100 business management books that come out every year- they usually have a number in their title and they always make inflated claims. There’s nothing groundbreaking about any of this.
What’s new is the same stuff that’s applied EVERYWHERE else (one literally cannot escape over-hyped, faddish management theories in the private sector) has invaded public education. I don’t think it belongs there.
You can’t jam the same frame over every sector. I don’t know why anyone would WANT to “run a school like a business”. There’s actually all kinds of problems with how we run businesses in the US, let alone applying those same methods and ethos to public schools.
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Lloyd Lofthouse: I am surprised and astonished, sir, that you haven’t included the collected wit and wisdom of Mr. John King, former NY State Education Commissioner. It’s available in a one-page, large font, coloring-book format, for $100 from the US Dept. of Education where he currently resides.
It consists of his musings on how the philosophical foundations of Common Core State Standards are a lot like those around which Montessori schools are built—and he should know since his children attend one!
😏
You disagree? Then you need to read the fine print in his “tome,” to wit[less], “Common Core State Standards and Montessori share the letters ‘m’ and ‘o’ and ‘n’ and ’t’ and ‘e’ and ’s’ and ‘r.’ Experts as reliable and trustworthy as Dr. William Sanders & Dr. Raj Chetty & Dr. Eric Hanushek concur will me that this coincidence of seven hard data points is indisputable evidence that CCSS and Montessori are practically one and the same.”
Now don’t you feel a little silly that you didn’t notice that all five pieces you mentioned share the letter “e”?
And what’s makes your omission even more egregious is that “e” is the first vowel of the alphabet.
Although, to be perfectly honest and cut you some slack, he’s not so good with numbers & stats himself. For example, on occasion he has been heard to softly lament under his breath [think NY cut scores and pass/fail rates and such] the following Marxist aphorism—
“Why a four-year-old child could understand this report. Run out and find me a four-year-old child. I can’t make head nor tail out of it.”
So don’t feel too bad. Even the experts don’t always know what they’re doing. Even when they have Groucho to guide them.
😎
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I think you just added John King to the list. I’m sure we could add several more.
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Oops! My bad!
The first vowel of the alphabet is “a” not “e.”
That’s what I get for doing so much CCSS ‘closet’ reading in a actual, er, closed closet without having a sufficient supply of flashlight batteries.
😎
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:o)
LED flashlights last longer.
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Okay, now it’s my turn to be slow. What does \uD83D\uDE0E mean?
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That they took/take pleasure in harming (killing for some) fellow human beings???
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It sure ain’t democracy!
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Rhode Islanders need to know that a co-author of this despicable book is none other than Andy Moffit, husband of Governor Gina Raimondo.
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I should remind readers that in Great Britain, the gentleman is referred to as Sir Michael Barber. In the U.S. we call him Mr. Barber or Michael or Mike.
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Thanks for the clarification. Do we gain any rhetorical force by calling him Sir? To connect to America’s Revolutionary heritage? Anyhow, we don’t accomplish much by name-calling, so I’ll follow your guidelines.
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Reminds me of Britten’s opera ‘Albert Herring’ for some reason….
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Our superintendent labeled us (parents/teachers) as “Eduhaters” at a board meeting last week… right before the school board passed a resolution supporting common core.
Has anyone heard this term?
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Jenny: I know it is easy for me to say, but try not to take it too much to heart. Remember that double talk, double think, double standards, and contempt is all they’ve got.
Fish gotta swim, birds gotta fly, haters gotta hate…
It’s called projection. And in context—although I am sure it wasn’t pleasant to be insulted like that—it is a badge of honor.
An old dead French guy put it well:
“Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue.” [François de la Rochefoucauld]
So in his own twisted way, he was paying you and others a compliment.
Keep doing the right thing. You’ll at least have the satisfaction of being able to look at yourself in the mirror and be proud of the person looking back.
😎
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Thanks for the unique perspective – I like it! 🙂
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The subtext I’ve heard, is fear that the creationists in the state legislatures will introduce religion instead of reason, if Common Core isn’t adopted. (The superintendent should conduct better research into what the community loses with copyrighted Common Core.)
The alternative is, the superintendent is a social climber looking for a spot at the business table.
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Jenny, When’s that Supt’s contract up for renewal?!
Although, at least that Supt attends meetings. In Newark (NJ’s largest district) state-appointed Supt Cami Anderson hasn’t attended Advisory School Board meetings in 14 months. David Hespe, state commissioner, renewed her contract + raise despite CA ignoring statute to meet at least twice year,
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Maybe students in your district would like to emulate Newark Students Union, who did a multi-day sit-in of Newark Supt office Feb 17-20. They’ve conducted sit-in at spring ’14 board meeting; 2-day walkout Sept ’14. Two leaders are panelists NPR Apr conference.
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Yes that would be great! We actually have the highest number of opt outs in our area on the west side of Cleveland. Our district is small too with graduating classes around 280…
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Unfortunately the board just hired him in 2013 do I think he has 3 yrs left. There is a comparison chart of educators vs Eduhaters I found researching the term on the Internet and I really believe he is trying to make sure we all know which side to be on…Of course we don’t want to be called Eduhaters!
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From my perspective as a retired teacher and a mother with grown children, I would have been hard pressed not to laugh in his face. Calling parents and teachers eduhaters who do not agree with his position is absurd. For your sake, I hope this joker doesn’t last too long. There is nothing that says he won’t outlive his welcome before his contract is up.
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Jenny,
There is likely bleed over from the “Gates Compact City” designation, conferred on Cleveland, for its growing collaboration between the Cleveland Metropolitan School District and charter schools. The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, now called the Greater Cleveland Partnership is linked with the Cleveland Transformation Alliance, which seeks to strengthen charter schools. About a month ago, the contact page, at the Cleveland Transformation Alliance, for school information, was Cleveland’s United Appeal.
The national Chamber of Commerce received money from the Gates Foundation to promote Common Core.
Your superintendent may have succumbed to formidable, well-funded proponents of Common Core and charter schools.
The Koch-funded ALEC is very influential in Ohio.
In researching the membership of the Akron regional Chamber of Commerce, I was surprised to find so many public schools represented. I requested the organization’s legislative agenda to compare it to Dayton’s Chamber (right-to-work enactment) and Columbus’ Chamber (reduced state income tax and charter schools), but, I received no response.
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Thank you for this info! May I share your comment (but not your name) in our Facebook group?
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My students are working today with a quote by Fernado de Rojas, “The first step towards madness is to think oneself wise. I was thinking about this in regards to Common Core and other aspects of education reform. Teachers, good teachers are at a disadvantage because they know they are not wise, that their wisdom is not foolproof. They try to keep an open mind, are reflective and consider their strengths and weaknesses. Like Socrates, their wisdom comes from the knowledge of their own aptitude for foolishness. Those that give us things like the Common Core believe themselves to be wise and as a result do not believe they need to listen to any other points of view, other views are wrong by definition. Now according to Rojas this is insanity, but according to them it is wisdom. The reformers are not open minded, are not reflective and cannot see their own aptitude for foolishness, They are like the citizens of Athens that were foolish but believed themselves to be wise. I recognize that I do not know everything and so am open to what others suggest, but if others believe they know everything, they have no need for anything I suggest. This is what makes a fool a fool, they do not believe they have to take any views but their own into account and that everyone who disagrees is, by their definition, wrong.
Cordially,
J. D. Wilson, Jr.
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Certainly, Jenny.
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From the Gates press release about grants for “Compact” status, “Implement the Common Core State Standards with aligned instructional tools and supports for teachers”.
What Gates doesn’t say is, that last summer Microsoft announced a deal with Pearson to develop curriculum for the copyrighted Common Core.
Then last fall, an electronic device, compatible with Common Core $$, was marketed, receiving a recommendation from Consumer Reports for its compatibility.
Your superintendent is short-sighted if he fails to understand that education tax dollars are currently spent in our local communities. Through the economic multiplier effect, the spending enables towns, villages and cities throughout Ohio to survive. When those resources are diverted to tech and test corporate shareholders, it will impoverish his district.
I refer to it as “community hating”.
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“Educational Standards and the Problem of Error” found at: http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/577/700
Brief outline of Wilson’s “Educational Standards and the Problem of Error” and some comments of mine. (updated 6/24/13 per Wilson email)
1. A description of a quality can only be partially quantified. Quantity is almost always a very small aspect of quality. It is illogical to judge/assess a whole category only by a part of the whole. The assessment is, by definition, lacking in the sense that “assessments are always of multidimensional qualities. To quantify them as unidimensional quantities (numbers or grades) is to perpetuate a fundamental logical error” (per Wilson). The teaching and learning process falls in the logical realm of aesthetics/qualities of human interactions. In attempting to quantify educational standards and standardized testing the descriptive information about said interactions is inadequate, insufficient and inferior to the point of invalidity and unacceptability.
2. A major epistemological mistake is that we attach, with great importance, the “score” of the student, not only onto the student but also, by extension, the teacher, school and district. Any description of a testing event is only a description of an interaction, that of the student and the testing device at a given time and place. The only correct logical thing that we can attempt to do is to describe that interaction (how accurately or not is a whole other story). That description cannot, by logical thought, be “assigned/attached” to the student as it cannot be a description of the student but the interaction. And this error is probably one of the most egregious “errors” that occur with standardized testing (and even the “grading” of students by a teacher).
3. Wilson identifies four “frames of reference” each with distinct assumptions (epistemological basis) about the assessment process from which the “assessor” views the interactions of the teaching and learning process: the Judge (think college professor who “knows” the students capabilities and grades them accordingly), the General Frame-think standardized testing that claims to have a “scientific” basis, the Specific Frame-think of learning by objective like computer based learning, getting a correct answer before moving on to the next screen, and the Responsive Frame-think of an apprenticeship in a trade or a medical residency program where the learner interacts with the “teacher” with constant feedback. Each category has its own sources of error and more error in the process is caused when the assessor confuses and conflates the categories.
4. Wilson elucidates the notion of “error”: “Error is predicated on a notion of perfection; to allocate error is to imply what is without error; to know error it is necessary to determine what is true. And what is true is determined by what we define as true, theoretically by the assumptions of our epistemology, practically by the events and non-events, the discourses and silences, the world of surfaces and their interactions and interpretations; in short, the practices that permeate the field. . . Error is the uncertainty dimension of the statement; error is the band within which chaos reigns, in which anything can happen. Error comprises all of those eventful circumstances which make the assessment statement less than perfectly precise, the measure less than perfectly accurate, the rank order less than perfectly stable, the standard and its measurement less than absolute, and the communication of its truth less than impeccable.”
In other word all the logical errors involved in the process render any conclusions invalid.
5. The test makers/psychometricians, through all sorts of mathematical machinations attempt to “prove” that these tests (based on standards) are valid-errorless or supposedly at least with minimal error [they aren’t]. Wilson turns the concept of validity on its head and focuses on just how invalid the machinations and the test and results are. He is an advocate for the test taker not the test maker. In doing so he identifies thirteen sources of “error”, any one of which renders the test making/giving/disseminating of results invalid. And a basic logical premise is that once something is shown to be invalid it is just that, invalid, and no amount of “fudging” by the psychometricians/test makers can alleviate that invalidity.
6. Having shown the invalidity, and therefore the unreliability, of the whole process Wilson concludes, rightly so, that any result/information gleaned from the process is “vain and illusory”. In other words start with an invalidity, end with an invalidity (except by sheer chance every once in a while, like a blind and anosmic squirrel who finds the occasional acorn, a result may be “true”) or to put in more mundane terms crap in-crap out.
7. And so what does this all mean? I’ll let Wilson have the second to last word: “So what does a test measure in our world? It measures what the person with the power to pay for the test says it measures. And the person who sets the test will name the test what the person who pays for the test wants the test to be named.”
In other words it attempts to measure “’something’ and we can specify some of the ‘errors’ in that ‘something’ but still don’t know [precisely] what the ‘something’ is.” The whole process harms many students as the social rewards for some are not available to others who “don’t make the grade (sic)” Should American public education have the function of sorting and separating students so that some may receive greater benefits than others, especially considering that the sorting and separating devices, educational standards and standardized testing, are so flawed not only in concept but in execution?
My answer is NO!!!!!
One final note with Wilson channeling Foucault and his concept of subjectivization:
“So the mark [grade/test score] becomes part of the story about yourself and with sufficient repetitions becomes true: true because those who know, those in authority, say it is true; true because the society in which you live legitimates this authority; true because your cultural habitus makes it difficult for you to perceive, conceive and integrate those aspects of your experience that contradict the story; true because in acting out your story, which now includes the mark and its meaning, the social truth that created it is confirmed; true because if your mark is high you are consistently rewarded, so that your voice becomes a voice of authority in the power-knowledge discourses that reproduce the structure that helped to produce you; true because if your mark is low your voice becomes muted and confirms your lower position in the social hierarchy; true finally because that success or failure confirms that mark that implicitly predicted the now self evident consequences. And so the circle is complete.”
In other words students “internalize” what those “marks” (grades/test scores) mean, and since the vast majority of the students have not developed the mental skills to counteract what the “authorities” say, they accept as “natural and normal” that “story/description” of them. Although paradoxical in a sense, the “I’m an “A” student” is almost as harmful as “I’m an ‘F’ student” in hindering students becoming independent, critical and free thinkers. And having independent, critical and free thinkers is a threat to the current socio-economic structure of society.
By Duane E. Swacker
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I think we have as a nation to decide what is the purpose of education. If all students come away from my class learning are skills, I have failed them. We send puppies to obedience school to teach them to do what they are told; to teach our puppies the skills they need to have to please us. But this is not why we send our children to school. Skills can be measured, can be benchmarked. The ability to make sound judgments, to adapt creatively to a changing world, to see beneath the surface of what our skills enable us to do are things not so easily measured. The heart of education is sound and mature judgment; insightful and creative thought; the ability to apply our skills to the demands of the situations in which we find ourselves. To be good at anything we must have skills but if skills are all we have we are not likely to be good at much of anything. We will be able to put our skills to work at the tasks others assign, but we need something more if we are to assess the value or the ethics of those tasks; if we are to know if a task is not only worth doing, but if it is right and just to do. In a democracy, if that democracy is to succeed, it is these latter abilities an informed electorate must possess and no standardized test can measure. The most important things an effective teacher does cannot be measured easily, nor can they be assessed easily. Part of a sound education is to help students find and live true not to my vision of things but their own.
Cordially,
J. D. Wilson, Jr.
I find Leon Wieseltier an inspiring writer and teacher. He was on Charlie Rose you may find this interesting and I think much of what he has to say is apt in our current academic situation. If you apply what he says about magazines like the “new” New Republic to the “new” to what is happening with public schools I think it contains much that is relevant and of value. Here is the link:
http://www.charlierose.com/watch/60535221
Cordially,
J. D. Wilson, Jr.
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I find it incredibly ironic that this Barber guy thinks that the “laggards” who hate the CC will come around when they see “results,” and yet the failure rate of these CC tests is over 70%. Seems to me that if these idiots REALLY wanted people to like the CC, then the tests would have a much higher success rate. It’s like they think that people will see their children, who have done fine in the past, suddenly labeled as failing, and will believe the test score is correct, and not their own personal knowledge of their children. It’s weird.
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And herein sums up the problem:
“: “I understand why you might be angry; I would not enjoy this if it were happening to me either.”
Yep, he would not enjoy it if it were happening to him, hhhhmmmmm.
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