Marc Epstein is an experienced history teacher in NYC who holds a Ph.D. In Japanese history. When the Department of Education closed his historic high school (Jamaica High School), Marc joined the ranks of teachers who are assigned to different schools weekly. He has written many articles for Huffington Post and New York City dailies.
He writes:
The Myth Of The Empowered Principal
The “empowered” principal was supposed to be the agent of radical change for the New York public school system. With every passing day it appears that the empowerment model has resulted in the death of institutional memory, atomization, and the end of accountability for anyone above the level of principal.
You need look no further than the scheduling and staffing fiasco that enveloped the new multi-million dollar high school located in one of New York’s most stable middle-class neighborhoods. The school is only three years old and is already being administered by its second principal.
The trouble first began when the administration proved incapable of programming students into their required courses when it opened.
New York 1 (the local TV news station) reported that students complained that they had no science teacher, and were taught by rotating substitutes; “…they were handed new schedules, with different teachers and courses, almost once a week.”
http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/151185/doe-officials-try-to-address-queens-high-school-s-massive-scheduling-headaches
The deputy chancellor for instruction claimed that the problem was rare, but at the same time was kept busy fending off parent protests over the same problems at Long Island City High School just a few miles away. For those of you who are unfamiliar with New York, the schools are located in Queens, the borough considered to have the most functional schools in the massive school system in years past. But all that has changed.
There’s more to the Metropolitan High School story. Fixing a programming glitch is easy enough. All you need do is bring an experienced programmer on board.
The news stories about the scheduling snafu made no mention of the former principal’s pedagogical decision to enroll the freshman class in Physics, before taking Living Environment (biology), or Chemistry. Physics is considered the most difficult of the Regents science courses and is usually reserved for the most capable students in their junior or senior year.
What’s more, we have no idea if this foolhardy decision was reviewed and approved before its implementation. I’m told that she actually presented this radical reorganization of curriculum as a selling point when she applied to the job!
If you want to make sense of this administrative breakdown you need look no further than the resume of Metropolitan High School’s former principal.
Her entire teaching experience consisted of seven years of teaching, with only three of them in a public school setting. Prior to that she worked variously as a marine biologist, and educational consultant observing teachers in various settings for her father who was a retired principal.
http://www.timesnewsweekly.com/news/2010-03-18/Local_News/NEW_HS_LEADER______VISITS_FH_CIVIC.html
After that, it was on to the vaunted Jack Welch Leadership Academy established by Joel Klein, where graduates are molded to incorporate the ways of the business world into the management of schools. Think of it as a Wharton School for principals with a dollop of West Point discipline thrown in to keep teachers productive and in line.
This business model stresses teacher accountability based on a bottom line calculated by student test results. The institute purposely recruits candidates with minimal classroom experience, believing that experience outside of public education is preferential. So in this regard the Metropolitan High School principal fit the 21st century principal profile Mike Bloomberg wants running his schools.
But the evidence indicates that the principal wasn’t versed in the nuts and bolts aspect of the job that it takes to put a school together and run it. After watching events at the school unfold, I’m reminded of Donald Sutherland’s line to Robert Ryan after inspecting a line of soldiers arrayed in their spit and polish dress uniforms in the Dirty Dozen; “very pretty, colonel, but can they fight?”
That’s because the pre-Bloomberg route to the principalship of a new high school would involve years of seasoning in the classroom before a series of administrative jobs in the program office, the dean’s office, and as an assistant principal, before being given command of a school.
A school like the new Metropolitan High School would be handed to someone with twenty to twenty-five years experience in the system who had a proven record of successful supervision.
That principal would bring an experienced staff on board in order to ensure a successful shakedown cruise and hand off a functioning institution to the next principal some years down the line. Instead what we are witnessing is a new managerial class running schools aground on a regular basis.
Perhaps the most dramatic proof that principal “empowerment” is little more than managerial “newspeak,” is evident in the staffing crisis throughout the school system. That’s because the new business model actually constrains the principal’s ability to hire the best possible staff.
The so-called Bloomberg-Klein business model demands that teacher salaries come directly out of the school-operating budget. Under the old system a school was charged the same amount for a teacher line regardless of the teacher’s salary or seniority. This was a rational approach to staffing in a system of eighty thousand teachers and constant turnover.
But budget cuts to a system that has more than doubled its operating costs to over $22 billion dollars over the past ten years, have forced principals throughout the city to skimp on hiring qualified teachers while administrative costs have ballooned. The result has been the hiring of the cheapest day-to-day substitutes, many of whom aren’t certified to teach the courses they are covering, in lieu of using experienced teachers who are held in a reserve pool because their schools are either being closed or their student populations have dropped.
None of this makes any business or pedagogical sense to anyone but a willful mayor who seems only capable of demolishing what was once a functional system. Education has taken a back seat as the new school leaders ply the only trade they know by following Abraham Maslow’s maxim; “if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail”

Our school, Secondary School for Law is a perfect example. Our Principal came from Bloomberg’s Leadership Academy and she was never an Assistant Principal. She surrounds herself with a brand new Assistant Principal who taught ESL classes for middle school and one Spanish class in her entire career. For a programmer, they have chosen a Guidance Counselor who is universally hated becuase of her rudeness and inattention to students. She makes fund of ESL students accents. What’s more, the school can’e even provide programs for Parent Teacher conferences. They lied and siad it was a network requirement, but when I asked the network the newtwork said there was no such requirement. This is principal enpowerment. At the same time, the principal and assistant principal terrrorize the faculty by giving out U ratings liberally. The other issue with “principal empowerment” is principals choose their network which has no power over principals and superintendents are spread so thin that principals have no supervision. All I can say is I hopw when Bloomberg leaves that the system changes.
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DEAR MAYOR
IN MIDWOOD HIGH SCHOOL THERE IS VERY NICE PRINCIPAL DAVID FIRST NOW YOU CHANGE WHY NOW YOU BRING NEW Michael McDonnell
I TELL YOU PLEASE I NEED OLD ONE PRINCIPAL DAVID COHEN
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As a 27-year old who had just completed my coursework as a Ford Foundation Fellow in a program for “New Breed Administrators” in 1974, I was expecting to land a position as an Assistant Superintendent or at least a HS Principal… but that was in an era when you had to work your way up the ladder… and so I became an Assistant Principal (i.e. disciplinarian/scheduler/trouble-shooter assigned to perform “other tasks as assigned”) in a suburban Philadelphia high school and learned the hard way what it takes to lead a building. Assistant Principal was the last job I wanted but it was the job I really needed. I learned first hand the nitty gritty job of running a building. I learned what it’s like to face angry parents over “unfair discipline”, to explain to a teacher why they need to improve or why they are not being recommended for tenure, to be questioned over tough and easy decisions, and to know that I didn’t have all the answers despite what I thought after I completed my graduate school courses.
One observation, though: schools in the 1970s were operating under the business model of that era. No one rose quickly in the corporate world in the early 1970s because EXPERIENCE counted more than the ability to manipulate numbers. Based on what I’ve read about the melt down in our banking industry and what I’ve read about the privatized schools in this and other blogs, it’s a shame today’s business values quantitative analysis over experience… maybe if some of the younger banksters worked managing mortgage departments in small town banks before they invented “products” on Wall Street we might have avoided this whole mess. Instead, we seem intent on inventing “products” to replace the public schools we all grew up with. Let’s hope we wake up to the limitations of quantitative analysis before the bubble bursts.
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The more I hear and read the more discouraged I become. I don’t even recognize the profession I so proudly served in for 40 years. Many well-meaning educators are ‘knitting’ wonderful schools with the best intentions, and the EdRedormers come immediately behind us and ‘unravel’ everything. It seems to be getting worse by each day. I am running out of ideas and energy fighting this nonsense.
We appear to be the only profession where degrees, experience and knowledge do not count. Makes no sense to any person with even a smidgen of common sense.
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Love the part about messed up student scheduling. The problem is rampant. Happened in my school when I was the program chair under a new “Leadership Academy” principal. The principal decided that the program office was not needed and hired a part-timer without any experience in scheduling or teaching to work about two hours per day and usually three days per week. Result was massive student programming problems. About one half of the students had no programs at all and those that did have programs more often than not had incomplete ones. I am retired and have been fairly busy helping schools with their programming because the experienced people have been excessed, quit, or retired in disgust.
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‘Stupid is as stupid does’. They get what they pay for! Epidemic scheduling problems cause behavior issues, interrupts instruction, discourages teachers and students, wrong data into BIG DATA theft-ring, etc….
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Mr. Bloomberg’s ideal school system is 1,600 individual schools run by 1,600 Cathie Blacks. He’s made much progress in this direction but there are still a few principals left who know … or at least KNEW… about teaching and therefore have SOME idea of what they’re doing. The clock will, thankfully, run out on his mayoralty before he see his own personal “promised land” of school administration completely divorced from the reality of classroom learning and instruction.
Systemic aspects of the problem will survive, however… even if a new mayor is so bold as to abandon the inane “corporate model” outright and promote only people who come up thru the ranks. “Leadership Academy” aside, we continue to attract the wrong people from the classroom into administration for all the wrong reasons: money, ego, power, the prospect of escaping the “drudgery” of actual classroom teaching. We really don’t want people motivated thusly to be running schools. I don’t *think*.
We want people who *like* teaching, like kids and like *people*. And who know how to do teach effectively ( 10 years classroom experience , minimum, would be nice) and can recognize that ability in others. The existing system requires three years “teaching” background ( not necessarily *classroom* teaching, btw. It could be two years as “dean” and only one year classroom teaching; or “scheduling coordinator” for one year and two yrs. teaching. This qualifies someone ( with some after-school college credits in “supervision and administration”) to advance into administration. Usually with a pay hike approximating 100%. Not exactly a recipe for success, if you’re looking for intelligently-run schools.
There are remedies to this sad state of affairs but no one… least of all the state legislature… is likely to consider them at this time. ( Again: a case of perverse incentives at work.) Example: require that all school administrators *teach* part time ( I would say, carry one/half teaching load… in NYC that would be three period per day. This would deter people from trying to move into administration primarily because they hate teaching and/or want more money in a hurry.
Additionally, the teachers union (UFT in NYC) could … and probably SHOULD… advocate that all administrator resumes be posted on every individual school website. Parents groups should *insist* on it. If the DOE, forever trumpeting the pressing need of ” transparency” in re. to testing and teachers’ evaluations, is happy with the quality of its school administrators it should have no objection. If, on the other hand, their quality is an *embarrassment* to the department, we all have the right… and the OBLIGATION…. to wonder why that is the case.
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Follow the money!
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Insightful post, Marc. Thank you.
In this business model of adminstration, the only one with power is the one at the top, the one who is accountable to no one else. Others, such as the highly-paid TFAers on the dept of ed payroll, are slavemasters-in-training who are hoping one day to become the slave driver of another school district.
It is a sick arrangement.
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M. Schneider: someone need to express what you wrote above, using just those words.
Difficult for the charterites/privatizers to hear? Hard to spin such an honest assessment when marketing the latest eduproduct lines?
For all the edubullies out there: if you can’t stand the heat, don’t go into the kitchen.
Thank you, M. Schneider, for providing a little bit of the tough love the edupreneurs sorely need.
🙂
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You all should see what charter schools put in leadership positions. People who are unqualified and inexperienced. The turnover is so great that no one knows what to do from one year to the next. As a result, the school is dysfunctional and staff quit regularly. This model is a sham and a fruad. People like Lord Bloomberg need to be stopped. I don’t know how someone could get away with doing this in any neighborhood, especially a middle class neighborhood. It shows the absolute arrogance and disregard for people coming straight from the mayor. People in NY elected this man to a third term??? WOW
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So true, there is a proliferation of administrators and teachers are being eliminated. Does this make sense to any rationale educator. In L.A. we build new high schools and divide them into 3-7 different individual schools with 3-7 different individual principals. Oh yes, and a principal over operations. Our bureaucractic budget has ballooned while our student population is running to ill-conceived charters and our seasoned teaching staff is jumping ship. If wholesale destruction of our public school system was the intent of these policies, they are succeeding, but a day of reckoning is coming.
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Teaching physics to freshman is not a radical idea. In fact, it has become fairly common across the country. The logic is that without an understanding of chemistry biology becomes largely memorization and that physics is the basis for chemistry. This sequence leave room for advanced study in a variety of disciplines or interdisciplinary study at the end of the sequence. For a bit more, see http://www.physicsfirstmo.org/about/admin-faqs.php
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Funny, no one talks about how great the business model has been when it comes to selling unhealthy, cheap sugary drinks to the poor, something the business model is highly effective at doing! In fact, it’s clearly what the business model is all about. Why isn’t Bloomberg focussing his energy on the companies who make the obesity-causing products? Obviously, it’s because they are all in the same club. Much easier to attack the poor bodegas at the point of sale.
Ah, the business model. When it was first imposed on us, some eight or ten years ago, I remember actually laughing out loud. We were to submit an agenda for our next grade meeting. We were to select from a list of suggested items to discuss. Our agenda would be approved, or not, and returned to us for modification. Really? Did these people not work with us, in the same building? Did they not realize that teachers don’t sit on their asses all day in front of computers, writing and approving and modifying agendas and minutes and memoranda? Clearly, we could not be trusted to know what we should be talking about in the few precious moments we get to collaborate with our colleagues. In truth, most real collaboration goes on outside official school agenda-approved meetings. But now I look back with nostalgia at even those days, when we at least were asked to suggest ideas for our meetings. Now, we are NEVER ASKED WHAT WE THINK, ONLY TOLD WHAT WE WILL HAVE TO DO. NO DISCUSSION. THAT’S THE BUSINESS MODEL IN EDUCATION.
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This is why our great Mayor a man of intellect which is beyond human understanding can hire Cathie Black a women who knew nothing cared little and was most “qualified” to lead the largest school system in the Nation. The only quality needed to run a school,, to run a district, or to run the Panel for Educational policy is to agree with the Mayor. The Mayor who is beyond human frailty and can not make an error, must be supported and never questioned. That is the one and only needed qualification for leadership. Good job pointing out these facts Marc. keep writing and showing the city where he took us educationally. The facts are slowly but surely being seen by all, and his record is being exposed. Solution is simple. Bring in Walcott and hope the policy can continue with a new face and voice. We see through the rhetoric, and will allow Mayor Bloomberg to continue to bury his reputation. If only he would be humble enough to listen maybe the cities children would benefit and our city would have been supported.
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Mayor Bloomberg has no respect for teachers or their job. He’s said as much when he said that experience doesn’t matter. Your article shows how his thinking extends to school administration as well. He certainly wouldn’t put a relative novice in charge of a business operation not even as complex as running a NYC high school. When it comes to public education the Mayor is irrational, not connected and a detrement to the education of a million plus students. Some legacy for the “Education Mayor”.
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