How many times have we heard the President, the Secretary of Education, and leaders of corporate America tell us that we must produce more scientists? That there are thousands of jobs unfilled because we don’t have qualified college graduates to fill them? That our future depends on pumping billions into STEM education?
I always believe them. Science, engineering, technology and mathematics are fields critical for the future.
But why then, according to an article in the Washington Post, are well-educated scientists unable to find jobs?
Three years ago, USA Today reported high unemployment among scientists and engineers.
Some experts in science say there is no shortage of scientists, but there is a shortage of good jobs for scientists.
Some say that the pool of qualified graduates in science and engineering is “several times larger” than the pool of jobs available for them. And here is a shocker: The quality of STEM education has NOT declined:
Despite this nearly universal support for upgrading science and math education, our review of the data leads us to conclude that, while the educational pipeline would benefit from improvements, it is not as dysfunctional as believed. Today’s American high school students actually test as well or better than students two decades ago. Further, today’s students take more science and math classes, and a large number of students with strong science and math backgrounds graduate from U.S. high schools and start college in S&E fields of study.
Why don’t our leaders tell us the truth? Why don’t they tell us that many of our highly trained young people will not find good jobs in research labs or universities or anywhere else?
I have said before on this blog that the economy is changing in ways that no one understands, least of all me.
Over the past century, whenever reformers told the schools to prepare students for this career or that vocation, the policymakers and school leaders were woefully inadequate at predicting which jobs would be available ten years later. When the automobile was first invented, there were still plenty of students taking courses to prepare them to be blacksmiths. The same story could be repeated over the years. We are not good at prognosticating.
My own predilection is to believe that all young people should get a full and rounded general education, which will teach them to think and evaluate new information. I prefer an education that includes the usual range of disciplines, not because of tradition but because each of them is valuable for our lives. We don’t know what the future will bring, but we all need to learn the skills of reading, writing, and mathematics. We don’t know what jobs will be available in ten or twenty years, but we all need to study history, so that we possess knowledge of our society and others; we need an understanding of science so we know how the world works; we need to be involved in the arts, because it is an expression of the human spirit and enables us to think deeply about ourselves and our world. I could make the same claims for other disciplines. The claim must be based on enduring needs, not the needs of the job market, because the only certainty is that the job market will be different in the future.
A number of years ago I had the opportunity to participate in a guided tour of Marshall Space Flight Center, where the Saturn V rocket was developed. The guide was one of the engineers who worked on the project. As we were looking at the engines used on the rocket, he was telling the stories about how, after Sputnik, the US pushed schools for science and math students so that we could “win the space race.” Then he told us this: After the Apollo 11 mission was proved successful, all the engineers who worked on the engines were given their pink slips.
This shows that there is no way to predict what is actually “needed.” As a science teacher who loves the subject, I question the need for the push in the STEM disciplines. Even now there are just so many opportunities available for students with these interests. I have two former students with degrees in the sciences (one in physics, the other in geology) and neither are able to find a job in their field. One of them is currently working at Radio Shack. The main opportunities, in my mind, are those that are vocational in nature which, technically, could be considered STEM even though that is not how the policy makers look at it.
I think this article says it all
http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2011-01-12/u-dot-s-dot-schools-are-still-ahead-way-aheadbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice
Thanks for linking to this article. It’s ironic that it’s a Bloomberg publication. Perhaps we should forward it to Mayor4Life.
Hi,
I’m looking for underemployed STEM grads for a public radio story and came across your post. Could you email me? davidmaxon@gmail.com. Thanks.
Yes. Education is there (in large part) to help us see past the demands of the present as well as meet them. We learn to put temporary passions and perceived crises in larger perspective; we come to see our own culpability and fallibility; and we come to perceive and treasure things that last.
My book’s underlying argument is that solitude (the ability to step apart in the mind) allows us to take the demands of the moment in stride and take time with difficult and beautiful problems. When schools diminish solitude–not only through incessant group work and frenetic activity, but through pursuit of the latest thing–the larger education suffers.
Yesterday, a stanza from Auden’s “The Shield of Achilles” reminded me of what we’re seeing today:
Out of the air a voice without a face
Proved by statistics that some cause was just
In tones as dry and level as the place:
No one was cheered and nothing was discussed;
Column by column in a cloud of dust
They marched away enduring a belief
Whose logic brought them, somewhere else, to grief.
The analogy is loose, not tight. I don’t mean to say, “this is exactly what’s going on.” But in some eerie way it is.
Very apt Auden!
Diane
Although i agree with the fact that everyone isn’t succesful in group work some are. I know its just hopeful thinking but it would be great to see our education tailored to what kind of person you are based on your functions (typology, mbti), although some don’t believe in it. I’m a entp so i learn the best in small groups due to my main function being extroverted intuition. I dont believe the stereotypes that people put behind personality types but i believe everyone has certain ways of thinking aka dominant functions.
heres a website article about my personality type
http://personalityjunkie.com/entp/
As a history teacher, I certainly agree that the humanities are essential. Let’s put a moratorium on, “so how will your (insert humanities degree here) get you a job?”
I was a history/German studies major. Not exactly disciplines were ever up-and-coming. But I studied what I loved, lived abroad and it means some capacity to read between the lines (and in another language, therefore developing new perspectives, not just the American one), apply logic and historic precedent to what is currently happening. It also deepens your curiousity about the world.
What’s currently in serious danger is democracy; in order to save it, you need informed citizens who won’t be easy prey for FOX news, nor unquestioningly accept the New York Times version of things. The humanities helps this. I do believe that politicians want fewer, not more critical thinkers willing to challenge the status quo. I suspect that if Americans had a strong grasp of history, we might be less likely to support all of this foreign invasion (tends to create new enemies), embrace austerity measures (what got us out of the Great Depression was a lot of spending), and look to high-performing nations like Finland as a model for education.
Without historical context, we react out of fear. So, no — we don’t have a shortage of STEM graduates. But we seem to have a shortage of people with a sufficient grasp of history.
“and in another language, therefore developing new perspectives, not just the American one”
Well said. Having lived abroad myself (Peru and studied in Mexico) and having learned that there are wonderful people and places throughout the world, I get depressed realizing that many Americans cannot and do not understand such perspectives. Any time I hear about “American exceptionalism”-that this country is the best thing since sliced bread-I think that yes, maybe public education in this country has failed.
Duane, this is true. There is no substitute for living and experiencing another cultural perspective. Living in Germany (and French Canada) forever changed my sense of what is “right.” It’s impossible to remain closed-minded, nor subscribe to any kind of exceptionalism when you’ve had those experiences. To loosely quote Lewis Black, “How do you know the USA is number one? Maybe they’re giving away stuff for free in France, like health care?”
I thoroughly enjoy Lewis Black. Just watched one of his shows the other night on you tube.
Inverness–
I was a philosophy/German language major. My intent was to become an intellectual who read Kant and Hegel in the original.
Although I did become an intellectual, I did not succeed in reading Kant and Hegel in the original (which is probably a blessing).
No matter–I came to appreciate European culture and visited Europe a number of times. I prefer it to the U.S. because people seem more broad minded and more culturally savvy than Americans.
Adios!
George DeMarse
Your reply is timely.
My story is similar–Philosophy/German major/minor–but lots of history and world literature (Russian, French, American).
It’s appalling to me that the people who have not studied languages or other cultures, or traveled to any great extent, are the worst citizens and occupy the denizens of Fox and the Tea Party. My own relatives are a case in point.
We cannot move the country forward with these poorly informed troglodytes–as a consequence the country is moving on without them.
That bodes well for the country, but not the troglodytes who remain angry and isolated.
Education is not about “job creation,” but about informed citizens. Those who are left behind watch Fox and become Tea Party statistics.
Computers do so much. It’s not 1965 anymore– there is simply no need for what I’ve seen in photos of America’s golden era of space exploration and technological advancement– ranks of skinny-tied, horn-rimmed, pocket-protected engineers armed with slide rules, drafting tables, and desktop-sized Texas Instruments calculators.
Entire offices worth of them can be replaced by a single window (among many) running on a single computer.
STEM graduates are seeing their jobs absorbed by their own creation. It’s perhaps easier to see the manufacturing jobs that have been moved offshore, and more recently certain service industries that are now outsourced overseas. But the disappearance of the jobs of the highly educated will be into a virtual world– a change more difficult to wave a flag about or legislate a tariff. And people may not be noticing the transition.
My concern is that educators are next. Voice recognition technology, online learning, webinar-style webcam/bigscreen classrooms.
The human element in the classroom may begin to wane. Imagine if we parented that way…
It’s not a bright picture to paint of the future.
While I agree that policy makers are not very good at predicting how current education will line up with the future job market, I would not use this article as a reference. It seems to have been written by someone who hasn’t a clue about how graduate school in the sciences works.
How is it that the neuroscientist interviewed amassed debt in paying for her PhD? Graduate students in science do not pay tuition. They get tuition waivers, stipends to live on and health insurance. Being a graduate student in the sciences is better pay than a 40-hour-per week minimum wage job (of course, most graduate students work a whole lot more than 40 hours per week).
Post-doc positions are considered part of the training, and in most fields it is unusual to get a permanent position before completing one or even two post-docs. The article classifies the post-doc as a ‘menial’ lab job. That is ludicrous. The purpose of the post-doc is to act as a bridge between graduate school and running a lab. It is also a time when the scientist is establishing herself in a particular aspect of a field, with publications a necessary outcome.
It is a long and very difficult road to become a tenured professor at a research university. Competition is rough. Many leave the process directly after the PhD – often because they realize how many sacrifices will need to be made (a couple of years in one part of the country – or world – for one post-doc, followed by another somewhere else, followed by another move to a permanent position – if you are lucky enough to get one). It is a very long time to be so unsettled. Also, by the time one has completed a PhD and one or two post-docs, the world of academia itself often has lost its appeal. People often switch fields – many because they simply want something different than they did when they where 21 years old!
It is silly to use the scarcity of academic positions to argue that science, mathematics and technology are not so important to the future generation. Very few English majors end up as professors (and they often do not get stipends as graduate students!) Should we use that as evidence that literacy is not important?
I don’t think the argument wasn’t that science isn’t important. Rather, Diane is pointing out there isn’t a shortage of STEM graduates, despite frequent claims to the contrary.
I thought the post was clear that science, math, and technology are very important. Everyone should study them. But there is a heap of evidence that there are few jobs out there for graduates in these fields, not what they expect, and not what is hyped by politicians.
Gerald Bracey “… the impending shortage of scientists and engineers is one of the longest running hoaxes in the country”
Bracey, G. 2009. Education Hell: Rhetoric Vs. Reality. Alexandra, VA: Educational Research Service.
Good article on this topic here.
Science and technology is an important field of study and I am all in favor of ensuring our kids are well educated in both.
My degree is in engineering.
The idea that there is a gaping shortage of STEM graduates for STEM jobs has been out there for decades and has always been false. It is true, and has been true perhaps except during the boom years of the late 90’s, that many STEM graduates in fact do not work in STEM fields. Many are pulled into Wall Street and finance, but I too know STEM trained people who have taken jobs as baristas or retail to make ends meet or who ended up finding better opportunities in photography, art, and writing.
What is true is that more and more companies only want to hire someone who is doing exactly the job they need done already. They want to poach that person from another company, and they are not willing to support any learning curve or any training. This is a problem, because many of those same companies are using proprietary technology that no one else uses, or they expect ridiculous things like 5 years experience in 3 year old technology.
STEM hiring is a very high friction market. The jobs that exactly match a particular person’s skillset tend to be few and far between. Jobs tend to take several months to fill, even in relatively thick technology labor markets like California. Jobs in more isolated places are harder to fill, because the people have to be willing to relocate (and risk having to relocate back), often with a working spouse. STEM workers are fairly limited in the places where they can work in any particular specialty.
What we need most in the STEM disciplines are creative people who are good at learning new technology as it comes, people good at synthesizing multiple ideas and disciplines together. It’s hard to write a job description for that, and usually those people are hired via networks rather than cold call/job listings. Great software engineers can come up to speed on new software languages in a couple of months. Many companies are not good at that kind of finding great people and then fitting a job to them.
The more skills you have, the more employable you are. A strong writer who can converse in science is a very valuable combination.
Frequently, companies who think they need H-1B visas are companies who cannot attract or hang on to their technical workers because of other deficiencies in their organization – in general, a failure to understand or appreciate or value technologists. I’ve seen them used to hire very ordinary entry level programmers. H-1B employees essentially cannot quit without leaving the country, so retention is excellent regardless of working conditions.
It turns out being overeducated can make it hard to find a job just as being undereducated does. Some science Ph.Ds are well paid, but many are making about a median college graduate salary. And ironically, even if you’re a scientist, a lot of the job is about finding money for your next project – writing business plans, grants, social networking, etc. People who are paid well for actually doing science every day (instead of managing a lab or searching for money) are unusual.
I love science. I’m glad to work in technology. But it’s not a passport to sure riches and job security, and it shouldn’t be sold that way. It’s a path to pursue because you love it.
To add some perspective, I understand that currently NIH and NSF are funding about 1/10 worthy grant applications. That is, for every 10 quality grant applications that arrive, they can only fund 1. And that funding is usually only for a couple years at a time.
What do you think is happening to the other 9 applicants?
Most research groups are not paid a guaranteed salary by their university: they have to bring in money to cover their expenses and overhead. Usually only the lead investigator is tenured.
America has thrived because of its investment in basic scientific research. This pipeline is currently starving for funds and has been for at least 10 years.
That kind of job uncertainty is caustic.
I believe the best way to encourage STEM graduates is actually… to provide steady STEM jobs in research to employ them. When the jobs are there, and will be reliably there, people will train for them and will fill them.
imagine if we simply prep for uncertainty. imagine if we focus on (our common core if we must): knowing what to do when we don’t know what to do. model that. practice that. be that. a mile deep in the process of learning to learn.
i’m thinking – we’ve created an authentically public – ed – no matter what the future holds.
let’s be about facilitating the needs of indispensable people. no?
I agree, Monika. I think that this is what a strong education should be. A wide range of skills and knowledge.
Diane, you miss the point of the emphasis on STEM. It is intended to create an oversupply of professional workers to depress their wages so the corporations that are put such an emphasis on STEM – people like Bill Gates, anyone? – can increase their profits by lowering their labor costs.
In the meantime they falsely argue about a shortage of qualified workers so they can bring in people from East and South Asia on H1B visas at lower wages and subject to conditions that effectively make them indentured servants.
It is a variant of the shock doctrine.
Most of the jobs currently being created in the US are service jobs that realistically do not even need the skills of a high school graduate.
And that is also contributing to the decline of the middle class as well. People with college degrees can no longer earn a middle class salary – the jobs are not there – but the masters of the universe on Wall Street and elsewhere in financial services see nothing wrong with paying themselves bonuses when they have had to be bailed out with taxpayer money. Then these self-same masters of the universe fund charters and attack public schools.
I’m going to stop before I post something you would not want me to on your blog, dear friend.
That pretty much hits the nail on the head. There is no STEM shortage, never has been. The Byzantine job descriptions, the fact that wages are flat or falling, the fact that newly minted STEM grads are more likely to be working at Walmart than in a lab and the fact that scientists and engineers over 50 are almost automatically laid off tells us this is all a giant LIE.
The question of course is why lie about this?
Because it crushes salaries, increases profits and swings the doors wide open for more abuse of H1-B, J-1 and other guest worker visa programs.
Yes, teacherken, that sounds right. Here’s more evidence of the mismatch between “College-for-All” and the STEM push and what the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects. A huge number of upcoming jobs require only a high school diploma or less. See Table 1. Occupations with the fastest growth, projected 2010-20 and Table 2. Occupations with the largest numeric growth, projected 2010-20 @ http://www.bls.gov/ooh/about/projections-overview.htm
I work as a preschool teacher in Newark, NJ. In preschool we take a whole child holistic approach to learning. Learning is fun, and engaging. This all stops when students hit Kindergarten. Learning becomes drill and kill. There is a high turnover for varying curriculum packages, which prevents researchers from gathering data on what is really effective. If we carry this learning approach to the upper grades the world would be a better place. This current press for reform is not about the students because the research from theorists such as, Dewey, Piaget, Gardner, and Erickson tells us exactly what works and the policy makers are blatantly disregarding it. At the end of the day we are talking about human beings and the policymakers are going to be in a position where they don’t make the decisions anymore. The children that they should have helped develop into well rounded human beings will be the decision makers and they will not like what they have created.
I am not sure how anyone can argue that math education is OK in the US when US students ranked 31 in the math PISA results. And the great state of Mass. which is hailed as the education model came in 15th. Adjusted for GDP per capita and per pupil spend on education, that’s shameful. You might want to check out the excellent article in the New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/31/business/media/ad-companies-face-a-widening-talent-gap.html?pagewanted=all)on how the advertising industry which has become entirely data analysis drive, cannot find qualified employees because math skills are so lacking in college graduates. And by the way, they aren’t talking multivariable calculus–it’s mostly primary mathematics based!
Not sure what science segment was analyzed here, but the need for quantitative analysis is huge in all aspects of the information economy. And the math education in this country is positively third world.
FYI: Today, the Obama Administration announced the President’s plan to create a national Science, Math, Technology, and Engineering (STEM) Master Teacher Corps. The STEM Master Teacher Corps will begin in 50 locations across the country, each with 50 exceptional STEM educators.
Today, Wednesday, July 18th at 4:00 p.m. EDT we’re holding a special session of White House Office Hours on Twitter to answer your questions. Kumar Garg, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, will be tweeting from @WhiteHouseOSTP and Steve Robinson, Domestic Policy Council, will be on @WHLive to discuss today announcement
This was an email I received. I am not part of this.
Isn’t quoting unemployment from the time we were neck deep in recession a bit of an outreach? Things are very different now…
Let me summarize the “Stem paradox” as a question: “how can you have millions of unfilled Stem jobs and, at the same time, millions of unemployed Stem graduates?” Some possible alternative answers are the following: (1) those graduates don’t measure up to the standards and need of the American job market, (2) American middle and high schools rank among the most mediocre ones in the world in Science and Math, (3) American colleges and universities have watered down the Stem curricula to increase the number of Stem graduates, (4) The Grade Inflation phenomenon at the college level has reach corruption levels, (5) the rest of the world is producing higher numbers of BETTER PREPARED Stem professionals, (6) the rest of the world is producing higher numbers of CHEAPER Stem professionals, (7) the rest of the world is producing higher numbers of LESS DEMANDING Stem professionals, and (8) American Stem job market finds (5), (6) and (7) very compelling reasons for hiring foreign Stem graduates. If you don’t believe it, ask Bill Gates. Maybe, just maybe, it’s time for us to fix our own house.
So Domingo, the summary of your argument is:
1) U.S. STEM majors are dumb
2) U.S. profs dumb down STEM courses because U.S. students are dumb
3) Non-U.S. STEM graduates are “better”
4) Non-U.S. STEM graduates are “cheaper”
So the incentives for a U.S. STEM student today are:
1) Go to a more “rigorous” non-U.S. school, preferably Asia
2) Hire a translator to get you through the course work, say Korean for example
3) Cut your pay expectations by 30% at the same time as you’re living in a big city you can’t afford looking for work
I don’t think so. I’m advising students to study acting and move to Hollywood. Their chances are just as good–and a lot more fun!
The Sage of Wake Forest
No, your words don’t describe at all what I said, but unfortunately, you felt offended by the truth and decided to twist it, trivialize it and ridicule it with funny remarks but no real arguments. I am not by any means the only one to say it, it is everywhere in the news: “Dan Rather Reports”, ABC news, NBC news, CNN, USA today, etc. The list goes on and on. Are American students dumber? Are American colleges inflating their grades? Are younger Americans more narcissists? Just read “The Dumbest Generation”, “Generation ME”, “The Shallows”, “The Cult of the Amateur”, “The Narcissism Epidemic” and “Grade Inflation”, just to mention a few of many books written by respected scholars, and research journalists. And, if all that is not enough, why don’t you read the Statistics reports on the state of the American Education produced by the NAEP, EPE, OECD, TIMSS, and ACT?