Randi Weingarten, President of the American Federation of Teachers, understands that teachers must be better prepared in the future. At present, the standards for entry into teaching are a hodgepodge, are set by every state and district at varying levels, and many new teachers arrive with an online degree or with only a few weeks of “training.” This is not good enough.
In Finland, which has an excellent school system, all teachers are prepared over the course of a five-year program that includes subject matter knowledge and pedagogical skill. No one is allowed to teach without that deep and well-planned preparation for the classroom. Finland has eight universities. All of them follow the same protocol. Entry into teaching is highly selective because there are so few entry points. Only one of every ten people who apply are accepted into the teacher education program.
By contrast, we let everyone in and then allow huge numbers to fail after they enter the classroom. Some survive, many don’t.
We don’t have eight universities like Finland, we have thousands. How then to raise the standard for entry into teaching?
Randi Weingarten has proposed a rigorous examination for entry into the teaching profession. She would have it developed by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. Schools and colleges of education may keep their own entry standards, but their graduates must be prepared for the examination, which would include subject matter knowledge and pedagogical ability.
In her explanation of the proposal in the Wall Street Journal, Weingarten wrote:
“Setting a bar for entry into the teaching profession requires strengthening and aligning many components. Standards for admission to and completion of teacher-preparation programs should be appropriately high. Curricula should address the specific knowledge and skills that competent beginning teachers need. Preparation must include extensive experience in actual classrooms working with accomplished teachers. Mastery should be demonstrated not just through a written exam but also through demonstrations of a candidate’s ability to teach. High standards for entry into the profession should apply to all prospective teachers, whether they pursue traditional or alternative certification.”
“The teaching profession is full of dedicated, talented teachers, but much of their expertise is developed only once they’re on the job. Better preparing teachers for entry into the profession will dramatically reduce the loss of new teachers—nearly half of whom leave after fewer than five years—and the loss of knowledge that goes with it. As widespread teacher retirements sweep across the nation’s schools (1.6 million in the next decade alone), our proposal will help create a constant supply of well-prepared educators ready from day one to help children achieve at high levels.”
Randi is right. We can’t just say, “Let’s improve recruitment into the profession” and leave the free market to work its magic. Nothing will change.
Real change does not come about because of hope and expectation.
It comes about when there are real plans, based on facts and attainable goals, with a strategy in hand.
Imagine: a national exam developed by educators for educators, to identify those who are well prepared to teach.
And then, once in the classroom, teachers should be evaluated as professionals by professionals, not by cockeyed metrics dreamed up by statisticians.
Teaching must be recognized as a profession that requires well prepared professionals. Teachers must have the autonomy in the classroom to do what they know is best for their students.
This is a great beginning. It should change the conversation from blaming teachers for conditions beyond their control to taking concrete steps to ensure that those who enter the classroom are well qualified. It puts us on a path towards the day when teaching is as prestigious as other professions.

Don’t just click through the video. I forced myself to watch the whole thing. Then read the students comments about working on this project.
Weingarten a leader? More testing the answer? Diane, I admire you tremendously, but Weingarten is simply out of touch with the on the ground complexities of what teachers are facing and, as a result, she plays right into the “blame the teacher” propaganda. Frankly, I’m very surprised you support this.
Cynthia, I have always said we need higher standards by which to admit people into the teaching profession. This is not a new idea for me. The question has always been how to get higher standards when admission to the profession is so diffused, and at a time when more and more people are getting education degrees (especially masters) from online “universities” of dubious quality. As you know from what I write, I never play “blame the teacher.” I blame poverty; I blame reactionary politicians; I blame corporate profiteers. And at the same time, I think we need an actionable plan to raise the standards for those who enter the classroom to teach. An online degree is not good enough. Nor is it enough to have five weeks of training like TFA. Nor is it enough to have a bachelor’s degree and pass a test, as Tony Bennett in Indiana wants. The teaching profession will not get the prestige and respect it deserves unless it owns up to policing entry into its ranks, as other professions do, and takes that job away from state legislatures and Congress.
Diane
Diane,
Please reconsider your position. We can not test our way out of this box we’ve been placed in.
We need to bolster our teacher ed programs in our universities.
The other component of Randi’s proposal was a full year of student teaching. Again an untenable situation. How many teacher recruits can afford to pay tuition while working for an entire year for free, then have to take a bar type of exam to gain entry?
The risks are too high while the reward is being labeled a failure in the American public’s eye. Why would anyone support their child’s venture into the teaching profession ever again? Hopes that a ‘ bar type’ of exam will bring respect to our profession are unfounded in reality.
Let’s require more experience teaching kids as a requirement for administrative positions. Let’s require extensive classroom experience before we will even listen to the reform wonks.
Let’s continue to expose the flaws and hidden agendas of the barbarians at our classroom doors who proposed deforms rather than real reforms.
Let’s stop blaming ourselves.
Bar exams, indentured status for new teachers? No way.. not when we lead the world in so many ways, not when grad rates are at all time highs, not when we’ve been closing the achievement gaps, not when college degrees awarded are at historic highs, not when the so called reformers refuse to address the real underlying issues of poverty, healthcare, single parent households, children having children, and races to nowhere.
Randi’s proposal is off base. Exams should be required to gain entry into an education program a big difference than a final exam to screen others out. Next they’ll be developing a ‘bell curve’ for potential teachers.
Unfortunately the bell is cracked
I agree completely with Dr. Ravitch here. A good first step would be to rewrite teacher contracts so there is no automatic increase is salary because a teacher “earned” a dubious degree. This will take away the incentive for teachers to seek out low cost (by which I mean both in money and in terms of effort) programs and take away the temptation from education schools (both private and public) to use these programs as cash cows.
This should be a clue of how bad this idea is, Diane.
Why would you say that?
How would having a “bar” exam through NBPTS, which Pearson now scores, give teachers control? Doesn’t Teacher Ed already have the same issue with the edTPA and Pearson?
Also, how do you propose that “policing entry” into the ranks be taken away from state legislatures and Congress? (Shouldn’t we add corporations and ALEC to that?) State legislatures have long had a legal hold on establishing certification requirements and many states are already permitting completely online teacher certification programs.
A case in point is the totally online teacher prep program at Western Governors University, which was established by 19 governors, has NCATE accreditation (as well as big name corporate sponsors), and Duncan has called for more programs like this. How can we unring the bell?
BTW, I turned down several opportunities to prepare people for initial certification in strictly online programs, because I didn’t think it an appropriate medium for that. The vast majority of people whom I have been training online the last several years work at private schools, are already teaching children in classrooms and, due to minimal state requirements in most locations for such settings, few have had ANY teacher training whatsoever. (And they will not become state certified.)
I think Randi’s proposal is an excellent one.
harlanfalstaff and teachingeconomist both agree with you, Diane. That should give you some pause.
Having said that, I don’t have a problem with a national board exam for our profession, like exists for other professions. It won’t ensure high-quality teachers, just like some of the PEs I worked with in industry weren’t really terrific engineers, but it will establish a sort of minimum standard. Sort of a “certificate of trainability”, now that our teacher ed programs are not as reliable as they once were.
One of the more frustrating aspects about some posts on here is that the merits of arguments are sometimes ignored and judgements are made based on who has made the argument.
I don’t think this is a good idea. She is I think trying to get rid of much of the student testing and the results being used to judge the competence of a teacher. If not, she should be doing this.This proposal would do to teacher training and becoming a teacher what testing is doing to our educational system. It would turn it into a test prep system. Because someone can score high on a test doesn’t predict how succesful a person would be as a teacher.
You got it right. I can see it now. In college course selection books across the nation..
Teacher Bar exam prep 101~Professor xyz former consultant of Pearson ~ Text, Test Preparedness, practice, practice and more mindless practice~ publisher Pearson~ syllabus test prep strategies, ABCor D- you decide, data distorting, ~ rigor or rigor mortis ~ How to select another career
Perfect class to lead another generation of test prep instructors labeled as new ‘ bar certified’ teachers.
Yes, Jacques. We need action a.s.a.p. A mass protest in Washington DC by teachers for teachers.
Et tu, Brute? I clicked on the post from Ravitch in which she writes of her support for Weingarten’s call for a ‘bar exam’ for teachers, felt a tightness in my chest, and immediately clicked out. I had to wait until this morning to go back to it, when I could hope (and be pleased to see) that there would be voices of dissent to ease the deep sense of betrayal and hopelessness. Katie Osgood, among others, posted that we need to refuse the meme of the ‘bad teacher’ as it fits neatly within the education de-formers’ playbook. How is it that Ravitch and Linda Darling Hammond, who seem to understand the devastating impact of high stakes testing on children, deny that the same processes are at work in any high stakes environment? How is it that the deeper knowledge of community building; of challenging each other within the context of loving relationships; of exploring teaching and learning from positions of humility, uncertainty, integrity and love; of believing in and supporting the knowledge of our students, of their courage and their capacity to dig deep and venture into new possibilities, is abandoned when it comes to teacher education? Why do our teacher educator leaders so readily accept that we are doing a bad job, and then accept ‘reforms’ that are impersonal and technocratic when teaching is deeply personal, relationship based, and uncertain?
When I entered graduate school in middle age to become a teacher, after practicing in psychology for many years, I was shocked that my adviser suggested that I might be “too smart” to be a teacher. For a long time I understood that statement to reflect that person’s elitism. But I am coming to think about how teaching, especially as women’s work, has always been disparaged within the academy. Teacher educators are on the lowest rungs of the academic hierarchy. Mostly women, many who gained access to the middle class through teaching, teacher educators face the double barreled insecurity of gender and class in the halls of the academy. How much do we internalize these negative ideas about ourselves and our work? What do we do to prove our worth and who are we proving it to? I fear that, once again, the corporate deformers are skilled at accessing our insecurities, creating a false crisis and narrative about the crisis from these insecurities, and then exploiting our fears and self-loathing.
More concretely, Ravitch and Darling Hammond extol the virtues of Finland’s teacher education programs, but then take the wrong lessons from them. How do we go from paid graduate work with intense focus on collaboration, on examining the intersection between theory and practice, on a deep respect for the complexities and subtleties of the work, to a bar exam? Why not the lesson of: we need to put more money, time and resources into giving teacher educators, k12 teachers, and students time to explore this complex work? Why not, we need to trust educators that, when given the resources, they know what to do with them?
Education deformers have been successful at controlling the narrative about k12 education because they access our secret-even to ourselves-sense that black, brown and poor children are really not quite as capable as white children from wealthy homes, that they need ‘character work’ (see Jim Horn’s post in Schools Matter for more on this). Similarly, the ongoing juggernaut looking to demand high stakes accountability from teacher education grow from a secret-even to ourselves-belief that people who become teachers, and people who become teacher educators, are really ‘not smart’ and need some extra oversight, need to prove themselves.
As a classroom teacher, as a university faculty, I have to attend very carefully to any inclinations I have to decide that any child or student is not capable, or not quite worth the struggle. My practice, I learn over and over again, and have to relearn with each new group of students, must be predicated on a deep trust in the students and in myself, to explore the unknowns, to challenge each other, to enter the ongoing uncertainty of this work. Each semester I relearn that the cores of teaching are trust and the capacity to listen. Discourses of bar exams, accountability, and gaining respect for the profession deny this work, seek to please and appease while silencing the centrality of these values. I refuse that discourse. I wish more of us would.
PS: And any lawyer will tell you that the bar exam is just a huge hurdle, but not a particularly meaningful one for practice.
Barbara, I believe that if Albert Shaker were alive and AFT President today,teachers would not be in this predicament. Unlike Weingarten, he was a veteran teacher, a great voice as union leader, and somewhat spiritual in his writings in his NYTimes column.
Randi will never fit the bill. She is only competant as a burocrat. Even when speaking publically she cannot tow the line. When she was pres. of NYC UFT she could not handle 2,000 union reps yelling simultaneously at her that teachers wanted to strike against Blooomberg’s new contract proposal. She put her face in her hands, turned beet red, and whimpered ” I am not going to prison like Joan of Arc!”………prison? This bloomin idiot doesn’t even know basic European history. And she represents educators?!!!*#.
Bloomberg’s Bloomberg’s bogus contract proposal
It seems we have failed to look beyond the current paradigm again. I took the National Teacher Exam to get certified, and yet I am not qualified according to today’s reformers. What we need to do, in my opinion, is design a college education which guarantees that if you finish, you’re qualified. Rigor in the curriculum, not some high stakes standardized test, will produce quality educators. It doesn’t matter what your incoming GPA is either, it is your completion of a top notch program that should clarify your candidacy as a applicant for a teaching position. Einstein was thought to be slow by his grade school teachers, yet he was obviously brilliant. People who are not qualified should be weeded out by their inability to complete a rigorous curriculum, not a #2 pencil test. Early in college is where people should realize that they are not cut out for teaching, not 2 years after they enter the classroom and $100,000 dollars in debt.
Adding another high stakes test is not just a bad idea, it is ridiculous and suggests that deformers and our current administration are on the right path. This idea suggests that any degree, or even no degree, is sufficient as long as you pass the test, sounds like TFA to me. Sorry to respectfully disagree on this one.
I never mind respectful disagreement. That’s the best kind.
I certainly don’t buy the reformers’ narrative.
I argue with them all the time, and I defend teachers.
But there is an important point here: the only way to reformers out of the way is for the profession to take control of the profession; to design the entry standards and hold them high.
This should be done by teachers, not by politicians.
Absolutely Diane, we do need to work on this!. As any experienced student teacher supervisor can tell you, the college education of some of the people who make it to student teaching is lacking. Let’s not wait for someone with no teaching experience to force change that isn’t supported by research on the colleges. We need an open dialogue with higher education. Thank you for being the hub of true reform. I agree with everything suggested in the article but the test.
I don’t disagree that we as teachers need to continue to raise the bar for members of our profession…not to satisfy the reformers but to make sure that we are always striving to be the best we can be AND to be certain we are providing our students with what they need to succeed. As for Randi’s proposal of a type of “bar exam” for teachers, however, I have to wonder how that is different from the current rigorous National Board for Professional Teaching Standards program? I have participated in that process and achieved after two years of trying the first time in 2003 and I just renewed. The process involves more than just sitting for an exam, and it has been rigorously designed in an effort to distill the practice and the pedagogy so that those who meet the standards and achieve national board status can point to that achievement as something similar to having “passed the bar.” I don’t get how that is different enough that we need something “new.” Why not just promote the national board process and incentivize those who go through the process in a meaningful way so that everyone aspires to become national board certified? If you can help me distinguish the difference between what NBPTS offers and what Randi is proposing, I would appreciate it.
Thanks, Diane, for all you do.
“PS: And any lawyer will tell you that the bar exam is just a huge hurdle, but not a particularly meaningful one for practice.”
As a lawyer, I generally agree with this statement, although the bar does tend to weed out the worst of the worst. There is also a huge oversupply of prospective lawyers, so the bar poses little downside to the legal industry in terms of supply.
Wow!! So another test that Pearson can control.
I am shocked by this whole post. Weingarten has just sold out Newark, and yet you praise her efforts for a “bar exam”???? In fact there was a Twitter War of Words over this between Weingarten and Julie Canavagh. Julie rightfully pointed out that there are more pressing issues for teachers and students than this idea.
Let’s take a look at Randi’s past to consider this new proposal:
She supported mayoral control. That worked out great (NOT)!!
She supported Gates and allowed VAM to come to NYC,
She supported Klein’s proposal for using excessed teachers as ATRs–Unforgivable!!!
Agreeing to take away teachers’ parking permit.
Her party for Brill (Yuck!!)
And the list goes on and on and on…
I can also go into her contracts with DC, Colorado and other places that got teachers fired because of VAM.
I don’t know why you would ever praise Weingarten. She did not lead Chicago to victory. In fact, she would have negotiated another bad contract. Thank God they had Karen Lewis to lead them.
I have to say I was so taken aback by your introduction at the AFT conference with all those praises for Randi yet no mention of Duncan and his policies.
Very disappointed in this post. But of course it’s your blog and you are entitled to your opinions.
SHE IS RIGHT!
The idea that a Bar type exam will put teachers in control of the profession just doesn’t make sense. By the very nature of “public” schools, the government is in control over the teaching profession. It is further controlled by localities, school boards, parent groups, and the like. Certifications are publically controlled too. Even TFA members must eventually become state certified or get waivers, again, from the state. Because of his, salaries are negotiated with the government and based on what the government can afford to pay its largest group of employees, which is never very much.
Our real fight should not be against ourselves, using the language of the reformers–teacher effectiveness–to wage our battles. Trying to raise the bar says teachers are the problem, and we need to be better. It says that we need to be better so the corporate disaster capitalists will leave us alone. they will never leave us alone and just let us teach, because they want to privitize education, not develop better teachers. The AFT is fighing at cross-purposes here. Our fight is too remain public employees, however problematic that is for our personal finances. We must re-focus the conversation away from ourselves and teacher quality issues, to the issue of those who wish to dismantle the public sphere. This is the real issue. Teacher effectiveness is one the bricks they are using to take down the public sphere. While the AFT is busy on the front of teacher quality, the privitizers are bringing down the public schools one brick at a time.
Exactly, “divide and conquer” is a very effective strategy and one that “reformers” attempt to use, such as by separating teachers from their unions. It seems that is playing out right here, too.
We need to figure out how we can all get on the same page. I don’t see that happening with Randi at the helm proffering these notions, and I feel very disillusioned that she and her plans have Diane’s support.
Agree, very disappointed and questioning Dr. Ravitch’s motive and involvemens. As Maya Angelou tells us: When a person shows you who they are…believe them the first time. Diane has been on the other side before and changed her mind. It may be happening again. Too bad! Disappointing!
If you haven’t noticed, Diane throws things out there. She invites and expects our reactions and seriously considers our opinions and even changes her own! I am not at all disillusioned that she has expressed support for Randi’s suggestion because she cares so deeply about the teaching profession. This is a forum for exploration of alternatives, so rather than taking Diane to task, add to the debate. If there is one thing that Diane has demonstrated it is that she is open to all serious dialogue.
How will it differ from Praxis 2 which test pedicogical as well as content knowledge? Nearly every state requires this testing for certification. Certainly, each state is able to set its own cut score so maybe we should set a national cut score.
I just don’t believe a paper and pencil examination can do this. If we want to talk about an authentic performance based assessment, we might have an idea. The Praxis 3 tried to take us there.
I find it disturbing that the solution we offer for controlling teacher quality is another test. The next thing we know TFA will be offering five week test prep courses.
Obviously we need quality teachers, but people don’t want to acknowledge the difference in teaching in a school that has the resources, students and support that make it easier for the teacher to succeed vs. the opposite. I will admit that I was a better teacher in a better district. Now I am in the inner city and it is much tougher to do be an effective teacher as I battle with discipline problems, lack of materials and lack of support from administrators. Teaching is a complex job which is highly influenced by more than just a teacher’s ability to teach. Switch the “good” teachers from the suburbs with the “bad” teachers in the city and I doubt the results will change much. Somehow we need to address the real problems of why there is such a disparity in learning between these populations.
What the AFT and Leadership have failed to recognize is that the real issue with Education in our country is not the educators but the lack of funding at the Federal and State level to meet the demands of a changing society and to steal a phrase ” The World is flat”. Budget cuts force larger class size, budget cuts force the cutting of programs and teachers. Then we cut class materials and new technologies. We think that we can address these issues with sound bites and new ideas that do not provide real answers to what I have listed above. The politicians cannot have it both ways. You cannot cut your way to excellence. When politicians talk of cutting unfunded mandates, they do not realize as an example, that the valuable special ed programs are mandated. They are even covered under the Disabilities Act, where if schools do not provide services ( budget or not) they can be sued under this Act. The real mandates they want cut are pensions and benefits. Politicians speak of a “Sound, Basic, education….. buzz words for the minimum education for our students. The education that we owe our students is a well rounded education that combines Academics,Arts, Athletics and Activities!. This is really about unfunding schools and allowing Corporate take over. In New York State we have had a policy for years of “contracting out” state work, to relieve taxpayers of the pensions and benefits costs of real State Workers. The Comptroller is now saying, this may not have been a savings, in fact costs have risen dramatically for the private interests to perform state /public works. He has called for a means test and a study of long term costs. Anyone can bid low but raise the cost of this service little by little over time to make up for such low bids. Buisness does this often. Does anyone remember the fiasco of Halliburton in Iraq? Private company taking over military function. After all was said and done the only tangable results were profits. Come on Randi, get off the sidelines and into the game! Get back in the trenches. Rural schools face the very same issues as Urban school. Do you really feel that the answer is a Bar exam for educators? Make the politicians EARN that PAC money we give, make them aware of the challenges that they know nothing about.