When I read about the demise of Toys “R” Us in the New York Times, I was reminded of the business books I read to understand the corporate raiders who caused the collapse of many iconic American businesses. Michael Milken, junk bond king and founder of the online charter chain K12 Inc., bought control of undervalued businesses, broke them up into parts, kept the profitable parts, discarded the unprofitable parts, and loaded them up with debt. The investors made money but the company disappeared under a mountain of debt.
The reality is that Toys “R” Us, which announced on Thursday that it would shutter or sell all of its stores in the United States, never had much chance at a turnaround.
For over a decade, Toys “R” Us had been drowning in $5 billion of debt, which its private equity backers had saddled it with. With debt payments siphoning off cash every year, Toys “R” Us could not properly invest in its worn-out suburban stores or outdated website. Sales plummeted, as Amazon captured more children’s desires — and their parents’ wallets — for Star Wars Legos and Paw Patrol recycling trucks.
Toys “R” Us is the latest failure of financial engineering, albeit one that could portend a potentially more ominous outlook for private equity in the digital era.
Most buyouts tend to work the same way. A private equity firm takes over a troubled company with the goal of sprucing up the strategy, cutting costs and overhauling the business over three or five years. But they often load up a company with debt to pay for the deal, which can prove problematic if the profits do not perk up.
Once the vultures began to pick over the bones, the company was done for.
This is the model for corporate education reform. The reformers arrive with promises of “saving poor kids trapped in failing schools.”
Then they open privately managed schools that choose the kids they want and exclude those they don’t want. Eventually the public school system teeters on the edge of financial collapse, but the reformers say it is not their fault. But it is. It is baked into their business model. Cut costs. Hire inexperienced teachers. Work them 60-70 hours a week to be sure they don’t hang around long enough to expect a pension or healthcare. Demand free space from the public schools. Or, buy your own real estate and pay yourself exorbitant rents. Spend more on administrative overhead than on instruction.
And don’t forget to say, “It’s for the kids! Kids First! Children First! Students First!”
It is summed up in a comment by a reader of the blog:
All choice options promoted by the DOE fail the “equal access” goal of its mission. Choice is often about selection of best and discarding of the weak, problematic, expensive and struggling. Choice has resulted in increased segregation. Choice is enhancing more separate and unequal treatment of students, not equal access.

Exactly right, how finance destroys the economy for huge profits. It began in earnest with the neoliberal turn of the 1970s which accelerated in every administration afterwards, Dem or GOP, which is why both parties have the same education policy of privatization, standardization, tech and testing gone wild. Everything was converted into a revenue stream, public schools too. This endgame for capital debuted way back and is now reaching its epitome, the complete takeover and collapse of the public sector, from schools to colleges to parks to housing to health care to sanitation to water to air, privatization/monetization, which includes the nullification of democratic rights and the end of regulatory protections. Only a massive wave of mass movements and wildcat strikes can stop it if the strikers and marchers are prepared for the size of the war being waged against us.
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Ira,
This petition just came into my email from CredoMobilize:
My name is Colleen, and I work at Toys “R” Us in Concord, California. When I found out that the owners of Toys “R” Us decided to liquidate its entire U.S. operation, I was heartbroken. This has been my dream job since I was four-years-old.
In the next few weeks, over 30,000 Toys “R” Us workers will be out of a job with no severance. The private equity funds that drove Toys “R” Us into the ground: Bain Capital, KKR, and Vornado are walking away with $470 million dollars in fees and interest that they pulled out of Toys “R” Us over the years.
Right now, my coworkers and I have no idea when our store will close – all of the updates we’re getting are from the news, and our corporate is keeping us in the dark.
I love my job so much, and it hurts that these private equity companies don’t care about running a toy business – they just want the profit, no matter the cost.
Tens of thousands of us are losing our jobs while Bain Capital, KKR, and Vornado received $470 million in fees and interest from their investment. Just days before filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection last September, five of the top Toys “R” Us executives received $8.2 million in retention bonuses.[1] CEO David Brandon received $2.8 million and asked for court approval of up to another $12 million in incentive bonuses.[2]
There are more than 1 million retail workers at private equity-owned retailers in the United States. This corporate greed is hurting me and my family – and it’s unacceptable.
We’re calling on Bain, KKR, and Vornado to take the $470 million they received in interest and fees and pay out a $15,000 severance pay to the 30,000+ Toy R Us workers who are losing our jobs.
References:
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Many thanks for posting Colleen’s account. Infuriating and disgraceful, lives and labor are mere tools of profit for Bain, which happens to be Mitt Romney’s money machine. The damage done to families, kids, communities, and individuals is historic, which is why I keep advocating for wildcat teachers to push farther and farther, not to settle for less. When a whole state’s teacher corps walks out it is an historical landmark rich in potential for good–the wildcat must be pushed and pushed to recover more ground than has been lost and looted in the last few decades of testing, tech, and charters. This society cannot do without its k-12 teachers b/c they supervise 50 million kids who cannot be left alone during the day. The power of teachers is obvious if only they embrace it and use it. Not good for union leaders to arrive at wildcats and start advising the strikers to come back in; they should be advising them on how to move forward to building more power, including more stakeholders, forcing more concessions. The singular focus on voting in November is important but ominous in the letdown possible b/c the suppressive electoral arena is stacked against progressive change, popular needs, and insurgent candidates.
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The millionaire president of Little Tykes toys offered to buy Toys R Us. The company turned it down.
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It is important to remind the mass that all “rich” corporate rob income from the mass.
Here is last paragraph from worker, named “My name is Colleen, and I work at Toys “R” Us in Concord, California”.
[start paragraph]
We’re calling on Bain, KKR, and Vornado to take the $470 million they received in interest and fees and pay out a $15,000 severance pay to the 30,000+ Toy R Us workers who are losing our jobs.
[end paragraph]
In short, from 30,000+ workers, PRIVATE EQUITY COMPANIES LIKE: Bain Capital, KKR, and Vornado HAVE MADE 470 + millions of dollars , (The private equity funds that drove Toys “R” Us into the ground: Bain Capital, KKR, and Vornado are walking away with $470 million dollars in fees and interest that they pulled out of Toys “R” Us over the years.)
Could we calculate the new billionaires??? like subprime mortgage brokers, Oil and Gas companies, Walmart, Amazon, Netflix, Face Book…who unite to destroy union, to deregulate safety in industrial environment, to destroy working class, to destroy civil rights, to outsource labor force, to override the justice system…
Who bears this consequence? Who helps China, Russia, North Korea to strengthen their army tactics, and development of arms/weaponry through sales and mercenary training schools???Sigh!!! Back2basic
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Hedge fund managers have been using this pernicious strategy against public education for decades. When Wall St targets an entity, it will attack with laser focus. They will continue their “by hook or by crook” assault until they capture their prize. In the case of public education the dynamics may be different, but the same strategy applies. Hedge funds have used their wealth to buy influence with representatives to accomplish their objective which is to gain access to public money. They have used the zero sum financing of public education to drain public school budgets through charter expansion. In charters they keep the money at the top, offer students scripted test prep in lieu of education, cyber instruction and cheap uncertified facilitators to keep their implementation costs low.
They will continue to expand always in all ways. As we have seen in Massachusetts, where they know there are lots of tax dollars, they engaged in a misinformation campaign and “dirty politics” to win. They are vultures that could care less about all the collateral damage they cause. Fortunately, they lost this time, but they will be back again as long as we have reckless laws that allow them to destroy a public institution and profit from it.
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Making the game simple for those who might still not understand: The Hedge Fund Manager objective? TO GAIN ACCESS TO PUBLIC MONEY.
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My son’s school texted me. The online standardized testing is crashing in Ohio. They wasted 3 hours this morning trying to get it to work.
They just don’t believe these teachers and students time and work is valuable. If they did they would never have them wasting whole days screwing with these online tests.
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Online testing should go. That alone is a reason to opt out.
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Indeed, Diane. OPT OUT!
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As I posted in your more recent entry, there are plenty of ways to offer an invalid question using plain paper. It is not that online is inherently flawed, it is they are all idiots, they have no understanding of the subject they are trying to test, and they are not controlled by anyone, their questions are copyrighted and cannot be seen and assessed. It does not really matter, computer-based or otherwise. Testing industry is what it is – an industry – and it treats testing questions as its product, a copyrighted product for that matter. It is their property, which they protect, yet want to get profited from.
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Online testing is inherently bad
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All standardized testing should go.
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“Online testing is inherently bad” — computer is just a tool. You can use it as big hammer, or as a typewriter, or to create videos or pictures or useful programs. There is nothing inherently wrong in selecting a bubble on a web page vs selecting one on a worksheet. If you said that the whole worksheet culture and fill-in-the-bubble is inherently bad, I would agree with that.
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Multiple choice tests are inherently bad.
Online m/c tests are equally bad.
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Agree with Gruff and Dienne! All standardized tests, yes including NAEP must be abandoned as quickly as possible-now due to the harms caused to many children in implementing these malpractices.
It is a very simple concept. When an educational practice found to be a malpractice, ethically one MUST abandon it ASAP to prevent further harm.
And M/C tests are not inherently bad. I’ve taken some M/C tests that were harder than an essay. The professor though, allowed you to contest his pick of answers and as long as you could justify your pick he gave credit. His goal was to get the students to use the test to think about various questions and to learn at the same time.
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Good GAWD. Seems our young are just “CANNED GOODS” on an assembly line.
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Agreed with everything except for the possible revivial of ToysRUs if not for the greedy new owners. No, ToyRUs would not come back even if it was not saddled with debt. Kids nowadays prefer smartphones and tablets to any other kinds of toys – this is a fact. They do not care for colorful plastic junk that ToysRUs used to sell. Well-crafted wooded toys or, on the other end of the spectrum, hi-tech Arduino-based electronic building sets are available from other stores, smaller ones like Gepetto’s. ToysRUs used to sell crappy toys and crappy bikes and crappy books, and they lost their appeal at least a decade ago. They were a walking dead for a long time.
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Toys R Us was created when personal and corporate taxes were much higher than they are now. It met it’s demise when those taxes are much lower. So much for the higher taxes undermine entrepreneurship narrative.
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Like!
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Isn’t this going to be like the United States when it is predicted that by 2022 more than $600 billion will be spent on interest payments every year due to the deficits that are being created as the recent federal tax bill is implemented? So, following this thinking the libertarians will get their way because there will be much, much less money available to pay for government services.
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I’ve always had a lot of mixed feelings about charter schools, mainly because for 7th and 8th grade I was in k12 which was created and is run by Michael Milken, as mentioned in this blog post. I loved the metaphor used for the Toys R Us and corporate rich men taking over and taking advantage of working systems that are just trying on the outside to “help out”. However, I have heard from a charter school representative for charter schools that are in California, that are not allowed or regulated to be for profit. I must say the rhetoric that he gave was powerful. It inspired me, a little, to hear that a poor guy from Richmond, California, made a comeback through charter schools that took as many children as they could and even aimed to accept only those in bad areas who really needed a safe place to learn and grow as people. This idea of a charter school is one I can stand behind but it is one that has the same rhetoric as public schools. If we all want to educate children and inspire them to be the bets versions of themselves, then why is there this divide between public schools and charter schools. This division of funds is why teachers are being paid so little and is why the government feels like they can take advantage of us. We have to pull together, all of us, all of our resources, charter and public schools alike(at least the nonprofit charter schools)and demand for a better solution. These for profit charter schools are not what education is about and by cutting costs they are choosing to not hire experienced and credentialed teachers which is only a detriment to the students who are put into these charter schools. Charter schools have this label of “Saving poor kids trapped in failing schools” but the students who transfer to these for profit schools will ultimately fail because the teachers are overworked and under qualified to be teaching them. It’s so dangerous that we have knowledge for sale, school for sale, and we are allowing big corporations to come in and take over education. We are not factories, we do not spew out one big result, we as teachers should want to bring everyone to the same place, at their own pace, in their own time, and in their own way. It is so upsetting to me that these corporations are pretending to be schools that are supposed to help students. Now, as I said before I don’t believe all charter schools are bad, but they must be nonprofit and if anything we should unite our common goals and come together and truly make educational reform(made my teachers, for teachers and for students).
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Bella, many nonprofit charters are run by for-profit EMOs.
Michael Milken’s K12 online charters are for-profit.
Thevlegislatute in California passed a bill to ban for-profit charters and Governor Brown vetoed it.
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VULTURES R’ US: Besides the Bain Capital model of debt-loading, hostile takeovers and leveraged buyouts (aka blackmail), Mitt Romney was also shown on a leaked corporate video saying Bain intended to use key inside connections to get government contracts for everything and anything, including education.
When MaryEllen Elia first came to NY, a firm run by former Bain execs was hired to consult schools slated for receivership, showing them how they can improve without extra funding. They featured innovations such as teachers working during their prep periods….
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Which is precisely why I’ve been using the term, “The hostile takeover of public education” for years, in order to refer to the Wall Street/Finance-generated provenance of so-called reform…
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