Michael Hynes is superintendent of the Patchogue-Medford public schools on Long Island in NewNew York.
He writes:
“Is hypernormalisation even a word? I didn’t believe so until recently. According to Wikipedia, (insert sarcasm), “The term … is taken from Alexei Yurchak’s 2006 book Everything was Forever, Until it was No More: The Last Soviet Generation, about the paradoxes of life in the Soviet Union, where the author explains, “Everyone knew the system was failing, but as no one could imagine any alternative to the status quo, politicians and citizens were resigned to maintaining a pretense of a functioning society. Over time, this delusion became a self-fulfilling prophecy and the “fakeness” was accepted by everyone as real”, an effect that Yurchak dubbed hypernormalisation.
“British filmmaker Adam Curtis took the concept beyond the Soviet reference, in his award-nominated documentary, HyperNormalisation,, about how governments, financiers, and technological gurus have given up on the complex “real world” and built a “fake world,” run by corporations and kept stable by politicians.
“Wow, sound familiar? This is precisely what is taking place in the United States at the present moment, most notably in my world of public education.
“The hypernormalisation of public education has been slowly creeping its way into our schools, becoming the official party line with the federal mandate of testing our children to death with No Child Left Behind in 2001. This legislation required that all grades 3-8 students are tested every year in English Language Arts and mathematics. The later incarnations of NCLB have only upped the testing ante, by making high test scores such a priority that a school’s very existence depends on making the mark.
“This means that what most of us consider “normal” is no longer normal. School days filled with reading, writing, math, science, social studies, playing outside, working out problems with friends, art, music, taking an occasional trip, are no longer “normal.”
“If we compared our public school experience from that of twenty-five years ago against the “new normal,” we witness children losing the ability to play in the classroom (where true learning takes place), the significant decline of recess and a loss of social and emotional experiences that all children benefit from.
“This “new normal” is teach less and test more. And because of the high stakes attached to these tests, schools are forced to focus on academic outcomes at the expense of a child’s social and emotional growth.
“Under this hypernormalized model, teachers now rank and sort children based on a proficiency model instead of how much growth each individual child may show.
“So don’t celebrate too soon New York parents, educators and policy makers. Just because the Board of Regents recently trimmed time off of the 3-8 English Language Arts and mathematics state tests from six days to four, the “new normal” hasn’t budged.
“As long as the stakes attached to the tests remain as high as they are, then our schools will remain driven by only two outcomes: ELA and mathematics state test scores instead of attaining what’s most important: enlightening the whole child to maximize their true talents and potential.
“I recognize that the obstacles in achieving a new healthy normal are huge, as our politicians at the state and federal level, along with so-called reformers and business opportunists who have been reaping tremendous financial profits from this system, continue to praise and fund a high stakes test-driven school model.
“But make no mistake: this “new normal” is taking an unacceptable toll on our children; focusing on the whole child, regardless of scores, is what desperately needs to become our new normal.”
Michael J. Hynes, Ed.D.
Superintendent of Schools
Patchogue-Medford Schools
241 South Ocean Ave.
Patchogue, NY 11772
@PMSchoolsSupe or @Mikehynes5

“You can’t fatten the pig by weighing him daily!”
(well, unless you’re a politician and you’re weighing your pockets!)
LikeLike
The “food” young minds need is knowledge. American schools are putting them on a starvation diet, not just because of prep for content-lite SBAC and PARCC tests, but because of a deep seated anti-knowledge ideology that has infected the minds of the American teaching force. The dangerous and truly heretical idea that knowledge is dispensable –that skill building can suffice, or that social-emotional learning is more important –has been spreading for the past 100 years. Paolo Freire amplified it by declaring “the banking model of education” has been discredited (I’m reading “Pedagogy of the Oppressed” right now and am shocked by how flimsy his arguments are). Now Silicon Valley charlatans like Sugata Mitra say Google makes knowing things obsolete. But this is hogwash. Our brains feed on knowledge and grow thereby. The fact that we’ve lost sight of this is a national scandal and disgrace. Get ready for more Trumps unless we change course.
LikeLike
“Intellectual Regression”
From Plato and Euclid
To Coleman and Gates
The change makes us stupid
And seals all our fates
LikeLike
I often think about Plato’s “Meno” wherein Socrates shows that Meno’s uneducated slave can comprehend a geometric proof if guided through the steps. This shows that reason (in current parlance: “thinking skills”) is innate. But knowledge of sharks and charlatans and toxins and the Constitution is not innate; it must be taught. Yet schools allow transmission of such valuable knowledge to be spotty, haphazard or neglected entirely in order to pursue the utterly unnecessary quest to teach what we already possess: “thinking skills”. Knowledge is out; brain training is in, despite the fact that cognitive science has discredited brain training over and over. The first time it was teaching Latin that was touted as valuable brain training: struggling with Latin grammar would make you smarter in other domains too, we were told. Then research proved that false: Latin ability did not transfer to other domains. Then it was Lumosity, the brain training software, which recent studies have discredited. Now it’s Common Core which is based on the idea that mental workouts on one complex text will make you better able to comprehend and think about an entirely different complex text. This oft-discredited concept is, pathetically, the reigning orthodoxy in the education world today. I cannot help but think that most educators are ignorant of the cognitive science and this history of education.
LikeLike
The ability to do geometry may be innate for the Einsteins of the world, but for most of us mere mortals, it has to be learned.
But I agree that critical thinking can only happen when one knows something about the way the world works.
I think learning about geometry helps in that understanding.
LikeLike
ponderosa,
No doubt that content knowledge is being short shifted these day. And that without that base of knowledge and true facts “critical thinking” means nothing. Critical thinking without accurate facts, based on error and falsehoods is not “critical thinking”. It is attempted mind control and training, nothing more.
LikeLike
I’ve read that some creatures raised for meat consumption, like geese/ducks, get funnels forced down their throats and food-slop pumped into their stomachs to fatten them up. Isn’t this the same as forced high-stakes tests used to rank and punish children, teachers, and real public schools but not the fake TFA teachers, corporate charters, voucher schools and virtual corporate charters.
LikeLike
Lloyd –you’re usually pretty good with metaphors, but this is not one of your best. Better one: forced treadmill running on an empty stomach.
LikeLike
LOL
I like yours better.
LikeLike
Good one!
LikeLike
Normal is what the populace accepts as normal.
It’s up to us to ensure this “new normal” remains what it is… a deception, a con, a charade.
Resist
LikeLike
Just so we understand that this “new” normal isn’t all that new. As Hynes points out, it started with (at least) NCLB in the early 2000s (if not “A Nation at Risk” in 1983, or maybe even before that). Trump/DeVos are just the logical (almost inevitable) culmination of everything that’s gone before, especially the high-stakes focus on test scores and privatization built up by the Obama/Duncan administration.
LikeLike
The documentary, “Hypernormalization”, by Adam Curtis is a uniquely accurate portrayal of our political reality. It is a extremely apt in describing how our public education system has drifted away from a common public purpose with rational policies and visionaries to uphold it. Here is a link to the documentary in its entirety. https://thoughtmaybe.com/hypernormalisation/
LikeLike
Gracias por este link mm!
LikeLike
So far the “hyperloud” background music overrides the spoken word so as to make it almost impossible for me to understand what is being said (I have nerve damage hearing loss and tinnitus). It’s hyperannoying. I thought that it might have only been in the introduction by it appears that it will continue through the video. I’ll watch a little more but I have no need to subject myself to such aural torture.
LikeLike
No, can’t listen to that. I believe there is a good story there but I can’t handle the hyperobnoxious backgroound noise/sounds.
LikeLike
There was some somewhat pressing, personal business I didn’t get to today. Instead, I watched the two hour documentary la maestra linked here and then had to take a long walk to collect myself. Yes, it is an amazingly accurate portrayal of the last 42 years. From the first few minutes of watching I kept thinking, “What happens to a dream deferred,” and I knew throughout how it would end. It does not explode.
LikeLike
No, it doesn’t explode; it rots.
LikeLike
Corporate reformers would say dreams are outdated. Dreams are not innovative enough because the government has a monopoly of them. Dreams are a dead end. Dreams dry out like raisins in the sun or fester like sores and then run. And once they are rotten, they must be forgotten. Technology will help us forget.
LikeLike
Foucault’s concept of “normalisation” is one part of a tripartite system of disciplinary control: hierarchical observation, normalizing judgment, and the examination. Through these mechanisms the state attempts to control the populace. Those three mechanisms certainly form the basis for the current education malpractices regime.
In order for there to by “hyper” normalization, the other two mechanism more likely than not will be in a hyper mode also. Hyper modes, are just like running your SUV in first gear in four wheel drive mode and driving 60 miles an hour. It’s guaranteed to break the engine and drivetrain down rather quickly. Are we at a hypernormalization mode quite yet? I don’t believe so as the system still seems to be chugging along in low gear at 20 miles an hour and still running over many innocents.
Will the testing regime hypernormalize in the near future? I sure hope so, as that would guarantee it’s own destruction. And that guarantee has always been there due to the many onto-epistemological errors and falsehoods involved in the standards and testing regime. It cannot sustain itself on those extremely weak foundations upon which it is built as that failure has been unwittingly been built into those malpractices. We have to learn to exploit those weaknesses to force it into hypernormalization.
LikeLike
Slightly off-topic — an ONION parody about Trump supporters’ tendency to scapegoat:
http://www.theonion.com/article/trump-supporter-has-few-backup-scapegoats-ready-go-55186
It’s funny, cuz it’s true, to quote Homer Simpson.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Trump Supporter Has Few Backup Scapegoats Ready To Go In Case Crackdown On Immigrants Doesn’t Fix Everything
“SEDALIA, MO — Explaining that he wanted to be prepared for any unforeseen outcome, local Donald Trump supporter Fred McGuire, 52, said Tuesday that he has a few backup scapegoats ready to go, in case the president’s planned aggressive policing and monitoring policies aimed at immigrants don’t fix everything.
“ ‘I’m expecting the mass deportations, forced registrations, indefinite detainment without trial, and expanded surveillance to solve every conceivable problem, but just to be safe, I’ve got a handful of other groups I’m ready to demonize,’ said McGuire, adding that he is prepared to shift his outrage to welfare recipients, environmental activists, and possibly liberal college professors if Trump’s immigration policies fail to profoundly reduce crime and improve the economy.
“ ‘Obviously, Obama’s legacy is going to take a lot of the blame no matter what happens, and when people ask me why there’s hardly been any blue-collar job creation, I can also throw out labor unions and political correctness. Yeah, I’ve got enough scapegoat ideas to get me through the next four, maybe eight years.’
“McGuire went on to say that he wasn’t considering scapegoating Jews just yet, but would wait to see how the next few years play out.”
LikeLike
Oh, and on the subject of insane scapegoating, it’s hard to beat this true story out of the Windy City.
Jim Reynolds, a banking industry CEO and prominent Chicago city official (or quasi-city official), is now blaming Chicago’s record crime rate — the highest in the country, I believe — on .. you guessed it … those greedy, unionized teachers.
You know, what with those incompetent educators’ selfish focus on wanting a livable wage, decent health benefits, pensions, etc..
How dare they?
No, folks, it’s not an Onion parody.
(it’s the second item in the column … scroll down to read it.)
http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/at-the-union-league-club-its-ok-to-dress-like-you-do-at-work/
Yeah, that’s what Jim Reynolds, a banker, the CEO of Loop Capital Market, and manager of the the City of Chicago’s tax revenue bonds, recently opined. (excerpt just BELOW)
Really, Jim? You really think that?
That’s like blaming the FEMA rescue workers for causing Hurricane Katrina.
Personally I would think that the proliferation of dubious, money-motivated charter schools, staffed by short term, less qualified teachers from outside Chicago — educators who replaced long-time veteran teachers / respected residents of the community — might be part of the problem.
There’s also the problem of charter school attrition.
Gary Rubenstein and others have repeatedly debunked Chicago’s and other city’s “miracle” charter schools, pointing to their sky-high rates of student attrition. This includes schools like Chicago’s Urban Prep, whose operators and supporters boast of 100% of their graduates — all 50 or so — getting accepted to college. Urban Prep officials and their supporters conveniently leave out that petty detail that Urban Prep started out with 250 freshman four years earlier.
What about the other 200? What happened to them?
Once those unfortunate kids are kicked out of these “No Excuses” high-student-attrition schools — schools whose expansion, replacing pre-existing public schools, was pushed by Reynolds and by others in Chicago’s business community — do you think that those kicked-out students’ limited options (no diploma, no skills) may have contributed to the crime and violence about which Reynolds spoke?
Needless to say, Chicago Teachers Union leader Karen Lewis wasn’t havin’ it.
In the same piece, Lewis points out how, in Chicago, funding for the traditional public schools — the last resort option for those kicked out students, btw — has been repeatedly cut to the bone to allow bankers like Reynolds and Reynolds’ billionaire allies to keep receiving hundreds of millions in annual tax breaks:
http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/at-the-union-league-club-its-ok-to-dress-like-you-do-at-work/
(]Again, it’s the second item in the column … scroll down to read it.)
CHICAGO SUN-TIMES:
“Jim Reynolds Takes on Teachers”
“Businessman and civic leader Jim Reynolds took Chicago Public School teachers to task the other day for focusing more on finances than curriculum. He went so far as say the focus on finances is to blame, in part, for violence in the city.
(PICTURE of Jim Reynolds, conveniently African-American, btw)
“ ‘I hear the teachers union talk a lot about pensions, but not about what’s going on in the classroom. They need to agree on how kids are going to learn. The curriculum has to be changed so a young person out of high school is qualified to get a job or go on to college,’ the CEO of Loop Capital Markets said during the Driehaus Symposium. Kids who can’t find jobs resort to crime, he said.
“Reynolds, who also heads a business effort to help get kids off the streets, was the featured speaker at the event for business and civic leaders.
“Chicago Teachers Union President Karen Lewis didn’t attend, but had a sharp response to Reynolds’ thinking.
“ ‘Parents have watched class sizes grow, after-school programs close, and experienced teachers get laid off while bankers like Mr. Reynolds and billionaire tax loopholes were protected,’ she said in an emailed statement. ‘It’s no wonder he’s so committed to avoiding the subject of school funding. I would change the subject, too, if I was head of one of the banks that profited at the expense of Chicago Public Schools students, educators and families.’ ”
“Reynolds’ Loop Capital has served as a manager for the city’s sales tax revenue bonds.”
“For attendees, the straight talk about crime was illuminating. ‘We have to do more than want for a solution and expect our city to deliver it,’ said Eli Boufis, the co-founder of Driehaus Private Equity. It means, he says, businesses need to ‘get involved.’ ”
LikeLike
Dr. Hynes is accurate that there is a sickness behind the education reform movement. A recent NYT article about higher ed., featured a cherry picked, university-affiliated psychologist who said students should be repeatedly exposed to shocks,…and unpleasant events so that they will be “anti-fragile”. (IMO, he wants part of Duckworth’s piece of the wealthy’s rewards.) Beating the 99% down with poverty, climate disasters, the continual assault from D.C. and state capitol politicians and the threat of family member incarceration in the most imprisoned population in the world, isn’t sufficient abuse.
LikeLike
YOU KNOW YOU’RE COMFORTABLY NUMB WHEN …
the right to recess requires legislation
adults defend tests more fiercely than they defend children
testing requirements for third graders rival those of a bar exam
kids squirm through nonsense tests to homage some testing god … and to appease some bureaucrat who’s fled the classroom
adults break sacred commandments to reason away the wounding of children
little humans in little desks must “sit and stare” for hours … in of all places … a school
school leaders lie comfortably to parents
grown-ups in the memory-making business forget their own childhood
innocence is run out of the lives of kids not yet 100 months old
a child’s tears signal a lack of grit rather than the urgency for compassion
school becomes an asylum of discomfort rather than a sanctuary of joy
a year of learning is measured by a No.2 pencil and a bubble sheet
pep rallies are held … for tests
children are lauded for their eagerness to conform rather than their courage to think boldly
curiosity becomes an annoying bit of test-prep interruption
smiles and giggles are symptoms of unseriousness rather than gauges of happiness
Then … then we’ve have crossed over to the dark side of our humanity.
When children are wounded … and we do nothing about it but wail … then we have unplugged our souls. So we can stay comfortably numb.
Denis Ian
LikeLike
Wow. Powerful. You should publish that far and wide.
LikeLike
Dienne,
Check out Denis’s FB page.
LikeLike
Militaristic! SICK.
LikeLike
I can’t see how the Gates’ 3 kids are going to live in the world created by their parents’ destructive and disastrous legacy.
LikeLike
Yes, nicely written.
LikeLike
LikeLike
Takes me back, and Dark Side back to senior year in high school. Thanks for sharing, SDP!
LikeLike
David Gilmour is timeless, in my opinion. If humans are still around in a thousand years, I suspect they will still be listening to Gilmour’s solos.
There are certain guitar players who seem to be able to make the strings of the universe vibrate in synchrony with their guitar.
Gilmour is definitely among them.
LikeLike
So TRUE!
Was just speaking with a civil engineer who quit his job, because the NEW NORMAL is SICK and TOXIC where he worked. He’s a lot happier now. His wife is a teacher. Her work environment isn’t as toxic, and hopefully where she works doesn’t get too be really SICK and TOXIC, too.
LikeLike
The new normal is putting profit above the health and well being of people. The problem is not just in education. Look at the level of mistreatment of the people of Flint, Michigan. It will only get worse with Trump’s deregulation. I just read that the horrific fire in the London highrise was public housing, and it was a private-public “partnership” that cut corners and didn’t install alarms and sprinklers. This is our “new normal, ” profit over people.
LikeLike
“When injustice becomes law, rebellion becomes duty.” Thomas Jefferson
The 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution gives the states power over the education system. If our State Ed. Dept. mandates harmful policies it is our duty to sue the State Ed. Dept. who is making decisions that are harmful to our children.
There are numerous reasons why we should sue.
First, emphasis is being placed on knowledge but the most important higher order thinking skill is the imagination which our standardized tests can’t address and consequently isn’t valued in the classroom.
Einstein stressed the importance of developing the imagination. John Dewey maintained, “Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of imagination.”
Secondly, the mandates from the State Ed. Dept. reveals a lack of understanding the nature of the child and a good philosophy of education. There is the issue of developing a good self-image.
All too often I think of the 80 year-old man going through life thinking he was stupid. My one chance encounter with him revealed his poor self image. He kept saying, “ … doesn’t make sense to me but how should I know? I’m stupid.” When questioned why he made such a ridiculous statement he replied, I flunked second grade.” Because of some harmful practice, he went through life thinking he was stupid!!!!!!! Ugh!!!!!!!!
We have countless experts in the field of psychology and education that can testify that the present practices are abusing children.
Leo Buscaglia is no longer with us but needs to be heard via his writings.
★ Leo Buscaglia (1924-1998) stated, “essence of education is not to stuff you full of facts, but to help you discover your uniqueness, to teach you how to develop it, and then show you how to give it away” (Living, Loving Learning, p.10). He spoke against an education system that aims to ‘make everybody like everybody else’ which can be seen by our rigidity and reward system associated with curriculum in almost every stage of the education system. … Buscaglia discussed the idea that by treating all learners as the same we are missing the point of education and deprive learners of the joy of learning. The children’s emotional well-being is considered of primary importance over academic development as Neill promoted that emotionally healthy individuals will not be inhibited in their learning process…”
Dr. Elkind in his book The Hurried Child states. “Children who are confronted with demands to do math or to read before they have the requisite mental abilities may experience a series of demoralizing failures and begin to conceive of themselves as worthless. Such children not only acquire a sense of inferiority …children who experience repeated school failure are likely to acquire the orientation of learned helplessness as well as an abiding sense of inferiority.” P 109
★ Nancy Carlsson-Paige is an early childhood development expert states, “We have decades of research in child development and neuroscience that tell us that young children learn actively — they have to move, use their senses, get their hands on things, interact with other kids and teachers, create, invent. But in this twisted time, young children starting public pre-K at the age of 4 are expected to learn through “rigorous instruction.”
In her article, “Reading Instruction in Kindergarten: Little to Gain and Much to Lose “ She lists reasons:
-Many children are not developmentally ready to read in kindergarten, yet the Common Core State Standards require them to do just that. This is leading to inappropriate classroom practices.
-Research shows greater gains from play- based programs than from preschools and kindergartens with a more academic focus.
-Children learn through playful, hands- on experiences with materials, the natural world, and engaging, caring adults.
-Active, play-based experiences in language- rich environments help children develop their ideas about symbols, oral language and the printed word — all vital components of reading.
-We are setting unrealistic reading goals and frequently using inappropriate methods to accomplish them.
-In play-based kindergartens and preschools, teachers intentionally design language and literacy experiences which help prepare children to become fluent readers.
★ Constructivists maintain, “ Education is when learners actively construct meaning by building on background knowledge, experience and reflect on those experiences.”
Research shows that constructivist learning is congruent with how the brain learns. There is plenty of research to prove, that constructivist education is the best way for learners to learn- interactive, anchored in personal experience – contextualized.
“Contextualized instruction involves developing activities that involve students in applying knowledge in real-world situations, working on teams, reflecting on what they learned through an activity.”
And the list goes on. We need our teacher unions to sue the N.Y. State Board of Regents. If they won’t do it, we need someone like our “Opt Out” leader who will charge on.
I would like to know credentials of each person on the State Board of Regents.
LikeLike
Mary –you ought to be celebrating –knowledge is NOT being forced on the kids. Au contraire –teachers are being urged not to lecture Higher order thinking is all the rage. Kids are plonked in front of texts and being challenged to discover science, or history, or math for themselves. They should struggle and inquire and analyze. The whole point is to build mental muscles. Where have you been the last few years? The odious practice of teaching knowledge has been discarded -as it should be!
LikeLike
Ponderosa, preposterous! You said, “knowledge is NOT being forced on the kids. Au contraire –teachers are being urged not to lecture Higher order thinking is all the rage.”
That doesn’t make sense. They are skills and you have to give the students situations or experiences where they will develop those skills. You may not understand that knowledge is a higher order thinking skill; the problem is that CC is focusing on facts, information and not understanding: direct teaching, drill, drill, drill, test, test, test.
Another higher order thinking skill is comprehension which means they understanding in relation to other issues. If you are going to education the child, you can take the curriculum and just give them the information via lecturing or start with the child: their interest, their background, their experiences.
Ponderosa, you stated, “The odious practice of teaching knowledge has been discarded -as it should be!”
That is ridiculous. What is all this testing about?!
You stated, “The whole point is to build mental muscle.” Again,
ridiculous; that expression went out the window 50 years ago.
LikeLike
CC is about teaching facts? I wish!
LikeLike
“You may not understand that knowledge is a higher order thinking skill;”
The concept of ordering thinking into some supposed hierarchy of knowledge is intellectually bankrupt. One cannot separate out all of the various brain/body/mind activities into discrete little sectors that somehow one has priority over or is “lesser” than the multitudinous other sectors. That’s absurd.
All of the the various concepts that we call learning skills and knowledge are the results of pretty much instantaneous electro-chemical firings/occurences that combine with many other endocrinal, metabolic, hormonal, lymphatic and myriad others that we don’t know about to make up this thing we call thinking or cogitating. To believe that we can hierarchize accurately those occurrences is a quite lacking thought because at the base of it we don’t know how those supposed skills interact with each other in the brain.
Until we realize that much of pedagogy is based more on the intuition of the teacher in a given situation, that attempting to break learning down into supposed skills versus bits of knowledge, we’ll continue, pedagogically speaking, to blind ourselves to the realities, the majority of which are unknown to us, of the teaching and learning process.
Now that is not to say that breaking down a subject into smaller bits and pieces isn’t a good teaching strategy. Au contraire. Believing that either supposed skills or supposed content knowledge should have priority over the other is inane and counterproductive to the teaching and learning process.
LikeLike
“Higher order thinking skills”
Higher order thinking
Hash browns or just fries?
A milkshake for the drinking?
With cole-slaw on the side?
LikeLiked by 1 person
Higher order thinking for Trump is a Tweet and even that is a challenge for him.
The Kremlin’s Agent Orange will order the largest, greatest, it has to be the greatest, greasiest bag of fries he can get to feed more rancid, toxic oil to his brain. He needs his toxic brain food to feed the paranoia.
A milkshake to weaken his bones.
With cole-slaw on the side? No, nothing that healthy for the malignant narcissist in the White House. No cabbage. Just the sauce.
LikeLike
Michael J. Hynes is spot on with his comments. Here is another example of the not normal being taken as normal
Researchers affiliated with MIT are determined to measure of the quality of a school by a new “hybrid” version of the discredited value-added measures (VAM). The researchers have a great publicity machine to propagate their entirely hypothetical set of estimates of school performance. They rely on easy-to-find data—test scores in Math and ELA from Boston charter schools where students are assigned to schools by a lottery.
In my opinion, this exercise in making statistical leaps from scores on standardized tests to policy judgments about the quality of schools does nothing to enhance the reputation of the authors, four economists, or MIT, or the funders of the work on this paper.
The authors are:
Josh Angrist, the Ford Professor of Economics at MIT,
Peter Hull (MIT PhD ’17) joining the University of Chicago economics department
Parag Pathak, the Jane Berkowitz Carlton and Dennis William Carlton Professor of Microeconomics at MIT; and
Christopher Walters (MIT PhD ’13), assistant professor of economics, University of California at Berkeley. The paper was funded by the National Science Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, and the Spencer Foundation.
The authors are NOT looking at the application of VAM to the evaluation of teachers. They only make judgments about schools. That is a major disconnect from much of the prior work on VAM, and a totally arbitrary one. Schools are not just the names of places listed in a database along with the test scores. In this case, the scores are from schools that students were assigned to attend via a lottery. The researchers seem to think the lottery assignment helps to legitimize their “hybrid” methodology for calculating VAM.
I looked at the paper. It turns out that their “hybrid methodology” is only a “policy simulation,” but the authors are not afraid of making this absurd claim:
“Our policy simulations show that accountability decisions based on estimated VAMs are likely to boost achievement. p.916.
I think that is a nonsense statement. It reveals a profound ignorance of real schools, human beings that populate them, actual tests, what should count as educational ”achievement“ (even at MIT), and a host of variables in education within and beyond the influence of a school.
The arrogance of these economists is breathtaking. They are positioning a “hybrid” of VAM–a mere simulation–as if wisdom for making policy decisions about closing and opening schools.
The press release for the paper says: “The study itself shows the difference created by the new VAM technique through a hypothetical scenario involving school closure and expansion: Suppose the lowest-rated Boston school were replaced by a school where students showed the average amount of improvement on test scores. In that case, the researchers find, those scores would increase by 0.24 of a standard deviation when judged by a conventional VAM method, and 0.32 of a standard deviation when using the new method. This reflects “the usefulness of conventional VAMs, despite their inability to perfectly control for student ability.”
“Similarly, if replacing the lowest-ranked school in the survey with a top-quintile school, student test scores would improve by 0.39 of a standard deviation using a conventional VAM, and 0.53 of a standard deviation when using the MIT team’s own VAM method. (Several other economists have proposed methods of interpreting the minutia of standard deviations as “days of learning ” lost ot gained…another statistical absurdity).
The press release says: “the findings are situated within some broader political debates about education systems in general. Charter schools are often a subject of considerable public debate, since they receive public funding but may be privately operated and staffed by nonunion teachers, in contrast to traditional public schools.”
…”the topic of school performance is a vital one for researchers to examine and for educators to evaluate. Indeed it may be more pressing…in school districts where test scores have been perennially low, and where larger disparities in school quality may exist.
“For lower-income families, this is fateful,” Angrist observes.
Any person who has worked in schools and has looked at research that is not conducted by economists knows that schools are social institutions. They are not, as in this study, a Monte Carlo variable in a game where results from simulations have any credibility for policy decisions about school quality. The authors think the fate of a school should be determined by their hypothetical bets. Their bet: That “achievement” will magically improve if test scores determine which schools to close, allowing new ones to open. This asinine reasoning is happening inside of an MIT black box. This report is no more than a thought experiment in microeconomics with a huge publicity machine behind it.
I hope that Audrey Amrein-Beardsley, expert on VAM, and/or other experts at the National Education Policy Center will take up the statistical and policy claims in this report.
Almost all of the references are to the work of other economists or statisticians who are beating the drum for test scores as the best and most effective way to judge school quality.
The heros in the reference list are Raj Chetty with six references. Some of Chetty’s dubious inferences are reported on here: https://dianeravitch.net/2015/12/08/john-thompson-why-raj-chetty-is-wrong/(6 references). T
he other hero is economist Thomas Kane with 4 references. Kane was the head of the amateurish, $64 million Gates-funded “Measures of Effective Teaching,” project, reviewed here at http://nepc.colorado.edu/thinktank/review-MET-final-2013
If you want more information on the glorification of test scores by these MIT economists, the press release is here. http://news.mit.edu/2017/value-added-models-measuring-schools-teachers-0614
The full paper is, “Leveraging Lotteries for School Value-Added: Testing and Estimation,”in the Quarterly Journal of Economics. A pdf is here http://eml.berkeley.edu//~crwalters/papers/VAM.pdf
LikeLike
When the Arnold Foundation is a funder, public schools and teachers are the target.
LikeLike
One of the Koch brothers is a lifetime board member of the MIT “Corporation”. The economics department is IMO, ideology fueled in service to the rich. Infamous pension paper writer, Joshua Rauh, trained at MIT. His faculty advisor heads the NBER (its investments were funded by extreme right wingers). The head of the econ. department is on the Urban Institute Board, which uses that technique we’ve seen before, the organization has an altruistic image, in this case, civil rights. Then, you find they’ve paired with the Arnold Institute on a pension project. Former Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels is on the Institute Board. His politics are well known-and, reportedly, he received Koch campaign donations.
LikeLike
Funding from the Arnold and Spencer Foundations strongly correlates, to be polite, with data being used to justify already-established conclusions.
LikeLike
Spencer and Public Agenda paired for a project. Funders of Public Agenda are Gates and the usual suspects, with some tokens from public education. No doubt the latter would say they joined to have a seat at the table (like AARP’s defense for donations to ALEC. AARP was at the highest level of donation for one of ALEC’s midwestern state conferences).
LikeLike
I believe this “hypernormalization” can be traced back to the use of TFA teachers in our public school system. I had to come out of retirement to go back to the classroom for economic reasons and found an Art teacher position in the Indianapolis Public Schools. I joined a staff of over 50 teachers in a K-6 school with mostly young teachers (less than 10 years experience), TFA teachers, administrators with NO teaching experience and no teacher’s license, and a building with a high needs student population that was in complete chaos. The principal and assistant principal were only concerned only with “creating classroom culture,” or making sure that all the students walked in straight lines with a bubble in their mouth, hands clasped behind their backs. Data collection and testing was the driving force behind everything and it was of utmost importance to point out to any staff member their “numbers” to make sure the customers (parents) would be happy. With all of the emphasis on the outcome and none on actual learning, the building was reduced to violent fights and constant behavior disruption as evidence by the 12 staff members that were dedicated to behavior remediation. When I made comments or brought up ideas about changing the way behavior was addressed, or looking into more emphasis on learning and less on data collection I was regarded as a horrible relic from the past that had no idea how to teach in today’s public schools. I was force fed TFA propaganda, pummeled with articles about data from pro-TFA researchers, and forced to watch videos on the TFA Youtube channel to bring my thinking into the same place as the inexperienced teachers and administrators that demonstrated they knew nothing about how public school work. As a teacher of over 30 years, with all kinds of recognition and accolades for excellence, I am regarded as an out of step relic that can’t possibly know what I am doing.
TFA is like a virus that has infected the teaching profession and is slowly killing education. The sad part is that TFA’s philosophy is solidly grounded in the IPS school system, and I don’t see it changing with our GOP led state legislature imposing their micro management of IPS and other large urban school systems in Indiana; and I see the same thing happening in Florida, Ohio and many of the other super-reformy states.
If any of us have any hope of stopping the normalization of what isn’t normal for learning, then we need to identify the sources such as TFA and end their participation in public education
LikeLike
The mercenaries of education contractors = TFA
The mercenaries of military contractors = Blackwater (the founder is Erik Prince, DeVos’ brother)
LikeLike
Thank you, Michael!! The hyper-normalization is not based in shared meaning bur compliance and “proving up” to external demands. Empty to the core, this is the most dangerous trend a nation can travel because no one will be responsible for what transpires as the refer only to compliance to mandates.
The Regents should have apologized for all of the waste. Reducing the assessments by one day (with no comment) was slapdash.
LikeLike