Jay Mathews read Caleb Rossiter’s newly published book (Ain’t Nobody Be Learnin’ Nothin’: The Fraud and the Fix for High-Poverty Schools”) and called it “the best account of public education in the nation’s capital I have ever read.”
Rossiter taught in both public schools and charter schools and found that grade inflation was rampant. Mathews writes:
Caleb Stewart Rossiter, a college professor and policy analyst, decided to try teaching math in the D.C. schools. He was given a pre-calculus class with 38 seniors at H.D. Woodson High School. When he discovered that half of them could not handle even second-grade problems, he sought out the teachers who had awarded the passing grades of D in Algebra II, a course that they needed to take his high-level class.
Teachers will tell you it is a no-no to ask other teachers why they committed grading malpractice. Rossiter didn’t care. Three of the five teachers he sought had left the high-turnover D.C. system, but the two he found were so candid I still can’t get their words out of my mind.
The first, an African immigrant who had taught special education, was stunned to see one student’s name on Rossiter’s list. “Huh!” Rossiter quoted the teacher as saying. “That boy can’t add two plus two and doesn’t care! What’s he doing in pre-calculus? Yes of course I passed him — that’s a gentleman’s D. Everybody knows that a D for a special education student means nothing but that he came in once in a while.”
The second teacher had transferred from a private school in a Southern city so his wife could get her dream job in the Washington area. He explained that he gave a D to one disruptive girl on Rossiter’s list because, Rossiter said, “he didn’t want to have her in class ever again.” Her not-quite-failing grade was enough to get the all-important check mark for one of the four years of math required for graduation.
Rossiter moved to Tech Prep, a D.C. charter school, where he says he discovered the same aversion to giving F’s. The school told him to raise to D’s the first-quarter failing grades he had given to 30 percent of his ninth-grade algebra students. He quit instead.
There are many ways to view this sad story. One is that we have a national education policy that demands lying by crowing about rising graduation rates, no matter how little they signify. Another is that the pressure to “raise expectations,” to set “rigorous standards” and to “raise the bar” has created a massive fraud. We demand results, and we get them, no matter that they are fraudulent. What we don’t do is address the underlying problems that students have by reducing class sizes, providing intensive tutoring, and intervening to help them. Doing that would require acknowledgement that expectations and high standards are not enough.
So the reformers prefer to crow about their victories then to do anything that helps the kids who are stuck and falling farther behind. That might be an admission of failure, and admissions of failure can get your school closed. Rewards go to those who reach their goals, by hook or by crook. Punishments are meted out to those who deal honestly with the kids who are failing. There are no miracle fixes. Caleb Rossiter knows it. Not in public schools, not in charter schools. The people who believe in magical incantations about “raising the bar higher” and expecting every child to clear it should find another field of activity. Certainly not sports, where a few teams win and most lose; where not every batter hits over .300 and not every pitcher can pitch a no-hitter every time.
Until we get away from magical thinking (remember Professor Howard Hill in “The Music Man” who taught music by the “think method”?), we will continue to hurtle towards fraudulence as our national education policy. The irony is that Secretary Duncan’t favorite mantra is that “we have been lying to our kids.” Who is lying to our kids now, after 15 years of test-based accountability?

Reblogged this on David R. Taylor-Thoughts on Texas Education and commented:
In my district in Texas we have an “unwritten policy” that says that a teacher shall not have higher than a 20% failure rate. It does not matter if 25% of the student don’t show up regularly, it’s the teacher’s fault. It doesn’t matter if they skip every test given in class and then refuse to make them up, it’s the teacher’s fault.
If the failure rate is above 20% percent then the teacher has to do a mountain of paperwork to justify the failing grade. If the problem persists, then the teacher will be places under a “corrective action” plan.
https://davidrtayloreducation.wordpress.com/2014/10/29/education-a-three-legged-stool/
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I think that story actually gives the opposite message of what you claim. Almost all incentives in a school push teachers to pass students with D’s. You point out several reasons why. Duncan’s claim is that standardized tests provide pressure in the opposite direction. It is no longer possible to pass students through the system with D’s and give them a meaningless diploma, because they will never pass the standardized tests that have been instituted. Graduation rates will drop, students will start to realize that teachers passing them through isn’t really helpful, parents will start to demand students be pushed hard enough to prepare them for the exams instead of just demanding passing grades, and teachers will start to fail students who don’t know content once they realize that they are no longer doing students favors with this practice.
Now, I don’t know that I agree with Duncan on this, but his argument is clear. And the anecdote presented above appears to support his case much more than yours.
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That makes sense in theory. It might possibly work as intended if we could develop fair and appropriate standards– say, reflecting a national minimum baseline for high-school diplomas. Then we would need fair and appropriate tests precisely aligned to that minimum baseline. We would also need to re-establish an alternate vocational route to diploma which recognizes the job market for those capable of higher (than 8-th grade) but non-academic skill development.
In today’s world, even if one believed that CCSS & its assessments accurately reflect what our society needs from every h.s. grad, we allow state DOEd’s– politicians– to establish cut (passing) scores for every annual assessment. At present, cut scores are reflecting 2/3 failure, according to the political agenda of the day. Tomorrow’s agenda might be to pass everybody. It’s still grade-manipulation no matter how you slice it.
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I agree. This is a problem of long standing and certainly not due to the excesses of school reform and standardized testing.
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I agree about how this could be interpreted. I think we are seeing 30 years erosion of teacher control over classrooms. Unfortunately, Duncan and the Reformers continue undermining teachers as a solution. What you have is as you suggest, gaming the system to pass the tests. Instead of learning with true assessments, we have arbitrary cut scores and teach to the test. Teachers cannot, however, fail students if parents and society will not support the teachers. Which is why due process and autonomy are so critical. Otherwise, teachers will simply be fired-at-will for giving the wrong, well connected student a well deserved F. Plus, the current testing approaches put far too much faith in standardized tests as a measure of learning.
What we need is a “one page” approach to standards. Each level – national, state, district, building, teacher, student – adds “one page” to a subject standard. The progression is general to specific. Standards are the floor, not a bar to be raised. Many successful standards in other industries are done this way. The revision process is level- iterative. You so not need to revise a top level to revise a lower level. Teachers can augment the standards and extend them as needed. Note this replaces the useless IEP process.
Right now, CCSS is a micromanaged, one size fits all failure.
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Maybe the answer is to stop worrying about grades or test scores at all….
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“The problem isn’t grade inflation, it’s grades.” The dangerous myth of grade inflation, by alfie kohn: http://www.alfiekohn.org/article/dangerous-myth-grade-inflation/
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Exactly, Dienne exactly!
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It even starts in kindergarten.
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If by “it” you mean “grade inflation”, then that is one sick problem-“grading” students in kindergarten. How utterly absurd is the concept of “grading” kindergarteners??
Those who “grade” kindergarteners, those who mandate such a thing should roast in hell (were there to be such a place).
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Diane If you have 20 minutes, please watch this piece of ours from 1992, because it really is ‘deja vu all over again.’ This is an Oakland CA high school story which we called “Failing Forward.” The piece is just 20 minutes and is based on transcripts that we leaked to me.
These practices are racist, discriminatory, and IMHO criminal, whether they’re in use in DC today or inner cities kids nearly 25 years ago.
http://learningmatters.tv/blog/documentaries/watch-failing-forward/649/
I’d love your readers to see some educators have been lying to inner city kids for a long time….
John
>
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John,
From your referenced site:
““Social promotion” is just the beginning of the story of a seriously flawed system. Even though high schools in large inner cities say that there is no social promotion, transcripts show a different story.
Students learn early on that — as long as you don’t disrupt the class — you can pass without doing any work. Any student who shows up and makes some effort can make a passing grade.”
“Is this fair to the students who work hard for their grades? Are schools sending a message that you don’t have to work hard to be rewarded?”
And, your comment:
“These practices are racist, discriminatory, and IMHO criminal. . . ,”
First, I’m not sure how they are racist (they may be classist) nor discriminatory when white teachers do social promotion to whites, blacks to blacks, Hispanics to hispanics. But, hey the “race card” shows your pseudo-liberal credentials, eh. Race is not the determining factor in “social promotion”.
The real problem is not “social promotion”.
It is the concept of labeling, grading and sorting and separating students, supposedly by “measuring” academic output, by uncontrollable factors-genetics, upbringing and social status that is the discriminatory practice. Yes, students are discriminated against in schools everyday on the basis of factors (genetics, upbringing and/or social class, to mention some but not all) that are beyond the control of the individual as race, religion (usually determined for a child by parents), sexual orientation, gender, etc. . . . which result in rewards and punishments based on that “measuring” of academic output.
Now there is a real story-the daily inherent/intrinsic discrimination caused by “grading” students-not some contrived racist nonsense to which you say is the problem. Learn to get at the root of the problem, not just its “flowery” appearanc. Weed whack the dandelion all you want, it’ll still manifest itself by flowering until the root is yanked out and destroyed.
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Re: “Students learn early on–as long as you don’t disrupt the class–you can pass without doing any work.”
A very nice sixth grade boy in my class, sat properly, appeared alert, and did no assignments for four weeks. I gave him a Fail. He was so nice another of his teachers begged me to reconsider. I didn’t. Once reports came out, this young boy turned out to be quite smart. It seems he had learned readily that behavior was the basis for grades in his elementary school. After that poor grade, he became an A/B student in all classes for the next three years as well as an outstanding dancer in Folklorio.
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Some educators may have been lying to inner city kids for a long time, but I’ll bet most of them are not classroom teachers. They are instead the ones who do not have to live with the kids day in and day out, but have “metrics” to meet re: suspensions, promotions and graduation rates.
If you have to live with the kids everyday, there’s only so much lying you can do, because it makes the job much, much harder – to say nothing of the immorality of such a practice.
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It pains me so much to see our children in our beloved public schools take it on the chin time and time again, especially since it does not have to be that way.
I think we could rescue all of our public schools with a few policy changes but I have not been able to figure out in over 10 years of PTA volunteering at the local, county, and state levels, how to get them implemented.
We need a minimum standard of behavior for students who are in the traditional 1 teacher to 25 student classroom. (Let the minimum standard be set at each school if need be by parents, teachers, and administrators…(if you let the students set the minimums they may be to high) …just have a minimum standard of behavior in the classroom.) If a student cannot maintain that minimum standard, than he/she enters another classroom/program within the same school, staffed by 2,3, or 4 teachers… whatever it takes. These students are not learning in the 1 to 25 classroom so take them to some place that they can learn in a smaller group setting. The more behind they get, the more behavior problems are exhibited.
Take the 10 students or less in the school with the worst behavior out of the regular classrooms and just see the education of all the students improve!
The chaos that 1 student with severe behavior issues can bring to a classroom is so huge and affects the education of all other students in that classroom, and affects the teacher’s ability to teach well. I truly believe this issue is a if not the cause of the achievement gap. I’ve seen it first hand with students of above average ability and can only imagine what it does to students with average or below average abilities who have more students with behavior issues in their classrooms.
It may be said that we don’t have the money for those extra teachers but in our district alone we had the money for 80 new teachers for all day kindergarten (plus the capital budget for 80 new classrooms), we supposedly have the money for all day Pre-K (plus the capital budget for new classrooms), the money we’ve had for standardized testing for YEARS and YEARS that only drove the curriculum to be dumbed down to the point that parents with money hired tutors to fill in the holes and parents who did not know or can not afford tutors, their children just take it on the chin.
Public schools and charter schools… if operating under a different set of rules makes charter schools successful. than why can’t public schools operate under those same rules? Good community public schools can provide benefits even beyond those of just educating the children. As community focal points, they can be a place where connections between neighbors can be a wonderful safety net for everyone. That benefit should be considered in the debate about public education.
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I agree with this but with some adjustments. The disruptive students are sent to another classroom or classrooms (staffed with many teachers/aides as needed). But — every student is also welcomed back to the regular class after a few days if they want to learn. There is after school tutoring if students struggle because of the missed days, but they are always welcome back as long as they don’t disrupt the learning of the other students.
This will cost money, but if the same powerful billionaires who support charter schools would lobby for it, there would be money found. And if you support any charter school with a high attrition rate for low income students, you should be supporting spending as much money as necessary for this.
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If one is to enforce standards, as a civil rights issue, one better be ready to develop a huge remedial program, whatever that looks like.
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If your seven year old shows up for soccer, they get the participation trophy. Similar for American High School, if you show up and don’t ditch, the expectation is that you graduate. Is the country ready for a sudden paradigm shift where it is acknowledged that a third of students who attend high school won’t graduate, and in some areas that number may be two thirds?
That’s what standards are. Is America ready for tough love? No way.
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Especially if there’s almost no way for those 2/3rds to earn a living without a diploma. The alternative would be government assistance, and no way would people allow that to happen.
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“That’s what standards are. Is America ready for tough love?”
Horse manure.
There are no “educational standards” that stand up to rationo-logical examination. Noel Wilson has proven so. Those standards are just as illusory as that 1/3-2/3’s knowledge base which you decry.
Standards as the rallying cry!! Long live THE STANDARD(S)!!!
(NOT!)
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Reblogged this on logging entries in my life and commented:
I will continue to reblog Ms. Ravitch’s posts until word reaches the right ears about the waste going on in our “educational” system where testing and charter schools are concerned. Unfortunately, I have witnessed this horror first hand when NCLB began. I hate common core and anything that grew out of that wretched law.
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In the mid nineties I had a class of “super seniors” who entered my economics class everyday without notebooks and pens. When I told them they would all fail they responded that I would blamed if many failed. They knew that most had to be given a passing grade or administration would harass the teacher. Perhaps charter schools are the answer since disruptive students are removed.
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Charter school disruptive students aren’t “removed”, they are sent to a public school instead. Charter schools want no part of figuring out what to do with the disruptive kids who they can’t teach (or the ones who aren’t disruptive but just can’t learn Algebra fast enough). In fact, it’s worse than that — charter schools PRETEND that they can teach any child and attack the public schools for not educating all of them. If charter schools had an ounce of honesty or credibility, they would be lobbying for schools with very small class size for at-risk students since the only successful charters are the ones who counsel out at-risk students in high percentages. But finding honesty in the charter school industry is near impossible these days, and instead they continue the myth that if only public students had better teachers, all would be well. If anything, the charter schools make this problem far worse because of their dishonesty. And for that, they should be truly ashamed, as should the people on here who support them despite the great harm they do.
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Your comments about charters are NOT universally true. I taught in a non-profit middle school where some of our kids had already been kicked out of two other charters. We tried very hard to help them succeed. I may be offered by another which takes a similar approach. Yes, your comments are applicable to some of the chain charters being used to generate cash flows for operators and hedge fund managers, but they are not true of all.
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I totally agree.
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teacherken, you are correct, there are charters that do try to educate every student. The problem is that they are the charter schools who are ignored because their results are often not something the big donors can brag about. And the charters who do get rid of the troublesome students are the ones who constantly compare their results with the public schools that cannot do the same (and the schools also often get their rejected students, if charters like yours do not).
A charter can be “non-profit” and still not be run in an ethical way. And by ethical, I mean pretending to educate all students when it is not doing so. Those charter schools perpetuate the myth that every child can be educated cheaply in classes of 30 if they are just in the right charter school.
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I assist in a non- profit that also accepts chain charter school counseled or kicked out students. Some of these students contribute to the non-profit’s lower scores. In addition, they contribute to the tightening of the budget since the non- profit must pay for some of these students’ appropriate placement in alternative schools. The chains certainly do not want this expense.
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West coast teacher:
If they wait until after counting day, the charter keeps the $$ and gets rid of the student.
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Increasingly school boards are setting rules that undercut the entire notion of accountability. In some districts a student cannot be given a grade for the quarter of less than 50%. In other cases teachers are required to take work that was late not because of any good reason, but simply because the student didn’t give it. In Baltimore Countn 50% of a students’ grade is from classwork. Now in that case it is actually possible to still have some accountability, but this is part of what leads to grade inflation.
I remember a colleague at Eleanor Roosevelt HS who always gave students who failed the 1st quarters a D regardless of grade 3rd quarter. His rational is once they realize they cannot pass (automatic fail with three Es) they will risk becoming disruptive. My own attitude is if they have failed the first three quarters I would go back and change 3rd quarter to a D if and only if they did at least C+ work for fourth quarter. To do it required demonstrating having learned at least some of the material from previous quarters.
Doesn’t matter. Some kids did not care, and there was nothing one could do to motivate them. I have several such students now, and have had communication with parents who are at their wits’ end trying to make difference.
Quite frankly, I really don’t need grades. I could provide a detailed narrative description of all of my students if asked, and it would be far more meaningful than reducing their performances to a number or a letter.
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Why administrators would allow a D student (unless he/she was just an unmotivated, highly intelligent person) into a higher level mathematics class (Algebra II or Calculus of any kind) is beyond me. From my research and experience (rural, urban, suburban grades, Pre-K to 12, and remedial to college prep.), a grade of D would not be a cut-off point. Only a C would be acceptable, and then barely.
Throughout my career, grading has been a major problem. I even wrote a master’s thesis on high school grading practices. My reading of the research and my own study revealed there was no magic solution. From reading research, I learned that most teachers calculating numbers given to assignments did not understand mathematics well enough to know whether their numbers meant anything. I also learned that there is no uniformity in grading from one teacher to another, let alone from one school to another.
Furthermore from my personal experience, I became aware that it is difficult to know when you have taught the subject well enough, given that the student needs to expend effort well enough to learn it or that the student may have already known what you were teaching.
I tried many systems. The best seemed to provide students with goals they could actually reach, to give them points based on their achievement level on an assignment, and then to give feedback immediately.
However, problems occur when you don’t match the magical normal curve of which many have only a cursory understanding. When teachers measure students against a grade-level standard, the principals call them in to find out why so many failed. Usually the reason is that the student missed a lot of assignments.
One time a colleague of mine set an arithmetic goal students needed to meet so they could move on to Algebra. Students could not use calculators on state tests so basic skills needed to improve. When all of the students met the goal and were given an A, the principal called in the teacher to berate him for so many A’s.
In addition, teachers of writing must confront shades of grey in developing rubrics and evaluating papers based on the subsequent rubric Did the student meet the rubric? Anyone trained to do this (are Pearson’s readers trained?) realize how difficult it can be. That is why it takes a group a significant amount of time to calibrate their readings. A lot of time is spent arguing about just how close some papers are to being either a three or four on a scale of 6. The 6 papers and the 1 papers are relatively easy. But after reading for an hour, even the individual reader has inconsistencies built up on the 2, 3, and 4’s .
In practice it seems to make sense to pre-test, teach, and re-test a standard that from experience you know is appropriate for the grade level or the general level of the class. Then you give A’s to students who exceed expectations, B’s to those who mostly met the goal, C’s to the group that makes up the large partially met group, D’s to the students who tried valiantly and fell below the C group, and Fails to those who make no effort and/or do not show up.
In fact, this was pretty much the best-practice conclusion of a 1960’s massive research study I read as part of the thesis.
People who work in financial and computer fields may think there are easy solutions to education because they work linearly. When I have talked my math colleagues into teaching in liberal arts fields, they usually learn the world doesn’t work out so easily as does a math problem, complaining about the amount of work and difficulty of achieving goals they had set for themselves and the students. For these people, I recommend reading “How Not To Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking” by Jordan Ellenberg. There is more to math than numbers.
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Interesting article from Mathews — but again, it looks like we are blaming teachers. I think the causation goes the other way (as other commenters have suggested) — it is the pressure on schools to graduate more kids that causes administrators to pressure teachers to pass kids. Many kids will do exactly what it takes to get a D and not one thing more — that is true. The problems are all caused by making schools want higher graduation more than families and students do. The students may be a lot of things, but most of them are not stupid. They know the politicians and bureaucrats are pressuring teachers and schools to graduate them and they will take advantage of this.
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Amen
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Secretary Duncan’t favorite mantra is that “we have been lying to our kids.”
I think DUNCAN’T is the best typo I’ve ever seen, and sums up our Secretary’s position on public education very well.
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Grade inflation is a form of corruption that public schools should own up to. But before we launch righteous jihad against public schools for this, note the complexity of the issue. See excellent comments above. Special ed laws make honest grading for special ed kids impossible. Fixation on graduation rates makes honest grading a career killer for administrators. Much of the education school orthodoxy makes honest grading impossible: e.g. school is about social development, ergo holding kids back is very bad. F’s hurt self-esteem, etc. The trend toward having students evaluate teachers will just worsen the situation (see college professors today: Mark Bauerlein just wrote a NYT op-ed in which he defined a professors’ job as “handing out A’s”).
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“e.g. school is about social development, ergo holding kids back is very bad.”
No, holding kids back is bad because it has no positive effects on “achievement” and has very negative effects on motivation and school engagement, along with greatly increased risk of dropping out altogether.
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This does not sound like a professional teacher’s observations. Yes, we all have people that got into our classes who should not be there, but that is far from the norm. And yes, graduation requirements are out of alignment and so reasonable professional educators do routinely give kids D’s or whatever knowing that they no longer have senior math available for a graduation credit. (Which is a class that would have benefited the student and society.) This sounds like more non-experienced pontificating that blames educators for doing their best to protect kids from an inhumane system while preparing them for the future. Professionals who must deal with reality and will be in the classroom the following year.
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What are we to do when schools must reach graduation targets, and teachers must reach percentage passing targets in order to keep our jobs? When schools fail too many students they close in the name of poor performance…
Do people want accurate grade data or high stats? In high poverty schools it is very difficult to achieve both…
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Folks might want to consult Richard Rothstein’s take on “social promotion” (which after all is the real issue here, since grades don’t matter much if someone isn’t promoted and ultimately doesn’t graduate) and its history in US public schools in his brilliant The Way We Were?: The Myths and Realities of America’s Student Achievement (which you can get used for under $3.50 including shipping via bookfinder.com).
Public opinion has wavered on this issue for a century or more and it would be foolish of me to try to suggest that there is a clear-cut viewpoint for or against it. Neither is there clear evidence to support or condemn its effects. But most people have very strong opinions on both grade inflation and social promotion and are generally certain that their perspective is completely sound.
Personally, I reject the notion of letter/number grades. I’m not sure where that leaves “social promotion,” but it’s difficult in light of history to fail to see the class and racial components of the system. The “gentleman’s C” has been with us for well over a century, and back when mostly only the wealthy went to college, it didn’t seem to matter much if a George W. Bush got through Yale with nothing but lousy grades and a hangover. Of course, the GI Bill changed the game dramatically. So did open admissions. Suddenly, everyone is decrying the crumbling of academic integrity. (Of course, “suddenly” is a very relative word these days). Too many of “them” graduating from high school and college? Check the Rothstein book and ask yourself what’s at the heart of the current concerns about grades, etc.
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There needs to be a serious reassessment of how high school works as it is getting entirely out of hand. Why SHOULD every student need to pass Algebra II? Why should they even need to pass what now is considered Algebra I, but contains more advanced math than I had throughout high school? But now students with little math aptitude are being asked to learn math concepts that honors students didn’t need to know a generation ago. And almost none of them need it. Most adults I know had successful careers — some even in business and finance — while taking their first basic calculus class in college. Other adults never took calculus at all! And managed to graduate from great colleges cum laude anyway.
There would be no need to give Ds or passing grades if the students were simply learning basic math instead of being forced into classes they aren’t ready for. In fact, those students are having years of wasted education that is years above their level when they would be far better served moving along very slowly until they have firmly grasped the earlier concepts. The ones who can pick it up quickly can move on to more advanced classes. But the notion that everyone needs to know what now constitutes Algebra? I suspect most adults in America would be shocked at what “basic” Algebra I is these days.
The people benefitting most are the tutoring industry! Ask your friends with high schoolers how many get through the required Algebra II, Trig, Calculus sequence with no tutoring. Even at private schools with small class sizes, tutoring is rampant, especially in math. And yet people with no grasp of math themselves expect teachers to teach advanced Algebra to large classes of high schoolers who don’t even have the basics. Anyone who claims that should be required to take the Algebra I Regents and score an 85.
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During the 30 years I was a teacher, the failure rate in the classes I taught were often 30% – 50% every semester. During my first year when I was still on probation, I taught a 5th grade class and half of the students failed. The principal called me in and told me I couldn’t fail that many students. I told him I wasn’t changing the grades because those students didn’t do any work—the grade was based on work that was completed correctly and not on tests. That principal did not recommend that I be rehired the next year—he wrote that I didn’t know how to cooperate—and I ended up substitute teaching for the next year working in several school districts.
Eventually, I’d be hired by a principal named Ralph Pagan to teach English in a middle school in the same district. Ralph, a Korean War vet, was the best principal I ever worked for. He never called teachers in to his office to ask them to explain why so many students were failing their classes. He supported his teachers far beyond what we even knew. He fought for us, and he almost paid the price with his life.
In the early 1980s Ralph had a stroke and then retired early. It turns out that the pressure was still there, but he was sheltering his teachers from the district administration pressuring him to get the number of low and failing grades reduced without doing anything with the reason for those failing grades—children who did not cooperate and do the reading and work.
But by the time Ralph left, I had taught long enough to earn my due process rights and couldn’t get fired easily anymore, and I refused to pass kids or give out effort grades. As the decades slid by, the failure rate in my classes continued to fluctuate between 30% to 50% and the grades continued to be based on work that was completed correctly and not tests. The students who failed, failed because they didn’t do the work or do it over when I asked them to fix what they got wrong. And yes, there were too many children who thought just showing up should earn them at last a B.
Almost every year the teachers who had too many students fail their classes were called into the office and asked why they were failing so many students.
My answer was always the same. “I didn’t fail anyone. The students failed because they refused to do the work,” and I said, “If they don’t read the assignments and do the work, how are they going to learn?”
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How about this: Why have a “passing grade (65)” at all? Why not just allow a grade that is earned and progress to the next class. If a student earns a 40 that would the final grade. By eliminating the need to pass/repeat, a student’s grades would be much more accurate rather than the unearned 65’s that are routinely handed out. Instead of a diploma students would receive a certificate of completion. Let’s stop the charade. I know this might not seem practical for some subjects like math but the reality is grades have little to do with reality in my experience.
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How many jobs keep paying workers who refuse to work? Earning an education is a job where other people pay so you can learn.
Who was paid when Socrates was the teacher—Socrates paid his students to learn or the students paid Socrates to teach them and then the students did the work that led to learning?
How does learning take place—by reading and doing the assignments correctly or sitting around and doing whatever you want even if that means sleeping, playing video games or texting your friends and family members every minute of every class?
For me as a teacher, I saw the grade students EARNED in my class as evidence that they took part in the learning process. For instance, I taught and assigned the work that led to learning. The students did the work to demonstrate they were learnign what I taught.
I don’t believe in paying people for just showing up and being there. Those students must demonstrate they are learning what is being taught through the work the students do. Then how does the student know how much they learned compared to everyone—from the grade? Why should one student who does all the work be given the same grade as the student who only showed up and warmed a seat and did nothing or maybe half of the work because the rest of the time that student didn’t feel like it.
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Your piece rings true. A friend, who as a Sargent at Fort Dix instructed draftees from NYC, told of running many through training twice. These kids slept or otherwise did not attend. The third time they were sent to Vietnam Nam whether they passed training or not. My friend had no idea how many survived as they lacked basic skills to stay alive, skills like maintaining your gun.
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Well, then: getting killed or maimed for life in ‘Nam would serve them right for not being more attentive. On the other hand, when your country is sending you thousands of miles away to fight a pointless war for a bunch of b.s. reasons and you can’t find any viable alternative to going, perhaps you’re in a daze that makes paying attention to instructions on how to kill strangers effectively seem – I don’t know – a bit bizarre? Just speculatin’ on a hypothesis.
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In the Marines, before we could leave boot camp we had to pass a rigorous obstacle course in a set time limit. Those who couldn’t’ pass, stayed in boot camp longer than the regular 13 weeks and ended up working much harder to get in shape than the average recruit.
In addition, the last few weeks of book camp were Infantry and combat training that included the rifle range where we had to prove we could hit our target a preset number of times or stay until we did.
There was one recruit in my platoon who didn’t make it past the physical test, and when the rest of us graduated and went off to fight in Vietnam, he stayed behind.
About a year later as I was on my way out of Vietnam at the end of my combat tour, I ran into this recruit in Da Nang as he was arriving in Vietnam on the day I was leaving. We talked. He told me that it took him an entire year to pass the tests to get out of boot camp. I shudder at the thought of being stuck in that hell hole for one full year.
If given a choice between combat in Vietnam, Iraq or Afghanistan and staying in boot camp, the choice would be easy—I’d get on my knees and beg for combat.
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In my district, each principal has to meet with the superintendent to account for each student who has a failing grade. The principal has to give specific details about what is being done to “remediate” these students. Because of that pressure, the principals pass the pressure down to the teachers. We now have to fill out a three page form on each student who failed, each term, listing what specific parts of the curriculum they missed, and attach a remediation plan for each part of the curriculum that each student missed. It takes hours to fill out all of this paperwork. I will admit that I bump some kids who are failing, but close to a D-, up to a D- to save time on the paperwork.
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TOW, So the district policy punishes the administrators and teachers of students who aren’t performing satisfactorily? (extra time/paperwork/bureaucracy)
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This is a common practice…hold everyone responsible but the student. It will be the straw that breaks the back of most educators with integrity.
I’ve about had enough…in my current situation the “rule” is no more than a 20% failure rate or you will be placed on an improvement plan and required to complete a document for each student detailing attempts at remediation with their level of success.
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Lots of words based on nothing legitimate, logically speaking, going back and forth here concerning “grades and social promotion”. All grading is inherently error filled and any conclusions drawn are “vain and illusory” as Noel Wilson puts it.
The “grading” of students is an abhorrent process that is so instilled into damn near everyone that very few (see Dienne’s comment about Kohn above) have the ability to question or even realize just how insidiously nefarious that educational malpractice is.
THE GRADING OF STUDENTS IS DISCRIMINATION PAR EXCELLENCE. So well hidden is this discrimination that is based on characteristics outside the student’s control (mental capabilities, upbringing, social class, etc. . . that combine to form the “basis of being” of each individual) that it is yet to be recognized by society for the evil that it is in which some students are rewarded and others sanctioned against in the same way that those rewards and sanctions worked with other historically recognized discriminatory classes-race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. . . .
WHEN ARE YOU ALL GOING TO STAND UP AND DEMAND AN END TO THIS ABHORRENT EVIL EDUCATIONAL MALPRACTICE???
(Oh, I know, we have to or else we’ll get “sanctioned”-Ah the BANALITY OF EVIL showing exactly what Arendt meant in coining that phrase)
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Following the flawed logic that “The ‘grading’ of students is an abhorrent process”, then we must end the Olympics, and all sports where teams and individuals compete because a few win and many lose. After all, letting students fail in a sporting competition must also be an abhorrent process.
In the Olympics, for instance, there is the Gold (an A+) Silver (a B) and Bronze (a C) medals. Everyone else earns an F for losing. And who gets the contracts to promote corporate products?
In fact, why do we rank universities? Why is it that someone who graduates from Stanford has a much better chance of landing a job out of college than a college student who went to a state college? In addition, Stanford professors grade students and students who earn the highest grades are honored at graduation. It isn’t fair. Let’s get rid of merit based measurement systems.
The truth is that we all can’t win and if we are incapable of learning from our failures, then maybe we deserve to end up with that F.
Or do we shelter children to the age of 18 by taking away all forms of competition (grades, etc) and then after they turn 18, we shove them into the world unprepared to compete?
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No, Lloyd, the Olympics and any other rankings still have all the epistemological and ontological problems. They are most certainly still done, no doubt. It doesn’t mean that they are accurate. And the main difference is that children have no say whatsoever in their being ranked (graded) in these false ways whereas the Olympics are generally adults who have chosen to undergo such rankiings-BIG DIFFERENCE.
“Let’s get rid of merit based measurement systems.”
I have no problem with that when it involves children/minors who can’t give consent to such experiments considering all the inherent errors involved in the process.
You’re, like almost everyone else, so inured, habituated to such is the jargon of “failure” that you can’t break out of that mind set to see just how injurious it is to the most innocent in society, the children.
“Or do we shelter children to the age of 18 by taking away all forms of competition. . .”
No, I didn’t suggest that at all. Where in what I wrote suggests that. I can be as competitive as anyone–in the proper sphere. Nothing wrong with some fun and games, you know competition. But there is a time and place for everything and schooling should not be about “competition” but about the child developing him/herself to what “being” they choose to be (yes, which may include competitive activities). But when it comes to assessing/judging/evaluating a student is should be a cooperative endeavor among the student and parents and the teacher in order to assist the student in reaching his/her own potential and being and not some illogical, invalid sorting and separating mechanism such are grades.
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You missed the point about the magical age of 18.
How do we justify sheltering children to the artificial age of 18 and then throw them in the shark infested world of work without any preparation? Even in the work world, employees are evaluated by their performance and then they get a raise, don’t get a raise, get promoted or get fired.
If there are no grades and every child before the magical age of 18 is treated exactly the same no matter if they work to learn or don’t do anything, then how can those children learn and be ready for life after 18?
Winning and losing is the harsh reality of life and I think it is the duty of teachers and parents to get children ready for that harsh reality by evaluating them and if grades are the method to evaluate them, then those grades based on work done or not done is a lot better than a few hours of bubble tests based on faulty memories.
We can’t all have the girl of our dreams. We can’t all have the job of our dreams. We can’t all win the lottery. This list could be really long.
We are born. We live. We die. And during the living stage we are not equal no matter how much someone wants us all to be equal.
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“Winning and losing is the harsh reality of life. . .”
What about ties??? (that is a serious question and not a sarcastic one)
The dichotomous thinking in terms of winning vs losing denies the complexities of life itself. Now living/dying, that’s a different story but even then the living part is, again, quite a complex issue being dead not so (even the dying part can be quite complex on a human level).
Nowhere have I suggested that teachers, parents and students shouldn’t be assessing/evaluating how a student is doing/progressing/changing in being so that the student/parents may choose what they deem necessary for said student. Does that assessing/evaluating have to include “grading” as you are strongly suggesting? NO! it doesn’t (and shouldn’t) is what I’m saying.
” And during the living stage we are not equal no matter how much someone wants us all to be equal.”
Never said nor hinted at your statement. If you think otherwise please point me to my words that say so.
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Everything I say doesn’t have to directly be linked to something you said.
If we don’t have grades, what do you suggest, a fail pass system? Students either get a Fail or a Pass and there is no way to show who worked harder.
I hate tests. That’s why in the classes I taught, grades were based mostly on a point system. Every assignment was worth points based on the value of the assignment as a learning tool. Essays were worth more than a daily journal. I didn’t teach math. I taught English literature, mechanics, punctuation, spelling, etc.
At the end of a grading period if the total number of points from the work assigned was 1,000, then 900 was the cut off for an A and 549 was failing and 550 was a D- and that meant the student hadn’t done 45% of the work.
We now from studies that if students miss a lot of school, they don’t learn much. We also know that during the summer, many students who aren’t avid readers also lose a lot of what they learned during the school year.
Learning is like a glass. Every time you read, you are learning. Every time you do some of the work a teacher assigns, you are learning. If you do nothing, then the cup stays empty. Without grades how do we differentiate between the glass that is full, partially full or empty?
The way I graded my classes every student could have earned an A+. The only way to fail was not to do the work.
For instance, one student, who was a special ed student also stuck in a reading lab because she was reading way below grade level, came to me and asked how she could get out of special ed and the reading lab. She hated being in those classes because she herself branded as a failure and not equal to the other kids. She felt like a ‘retard’ by just being in those classes and nothing anyone said to her was going to erase that thinking.
I told her to do all the work in my class even the challenging extra credit assignments and do them over until she earned full credit, and then read books when she was done with her homework at night. I told her to stop watching the TV and start reading an hour or more from books she enjoyed every day. I told her that the more time she spent reading books that she enjoyed reading, the faster she’d score high enough on the reading tests to get out of the reading lab.
She did it, and at the end of that year she tested high enough to get out of the reading lab and be mainstreamed out of special ed. Her reading level actually leaped five years in one school year.
She also earned an A+ in my class, and one day when one of the kids who didn’t work was complaining about how hard it was in my class, she said, “If you did the work instead of complaining all the time, then you’d have an A+ like me.”
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Lloyd,
Your grading system was basically the same as mine (I wouldn’t assign grades if I didn’t have to and I tell the students that). If you do the work you are guaranteed to “pass” (2 1/2 day till that sentence will need to be written in the past tense-ha ha). And I’ve had many similar experiences to your anecdote.
“If we don’t have grades, what do you suggest, a fail pass system?”
How about attended class and completed X percentage of work (and even that would only be a crude approximation of what a student has learned-somewhere there should be a student component to the assessment. Not putting any labels on any percentages for it is the labeling that is the problem-pass or fail still “condemns” causes violence to those whom are so labelled, especially young children. I see it everyday with students mimicking what they’ve been told, “Oh, I’m going to fail this test”. What the hell? Complete the test and use it as a guide as to what you may need to focus on, not as a way to label oneself.
I have serious problems with folks admitting that some educational practices (grading being the main one, but many others) are problematic but then going on and continuing them without adjusting to prevent the harms to innocents-and to me, that is Arendt’s meaning is saying the “banality of evil”, harms and subtle violences that have no basis in rationo-logical thought and that people accede to in their daily lives-especially teachers and administrators.
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You said, “How about attended class and completed X percentage of work”
That’s what earning points toward a grade does. If a student earns 55% of the total points of the required class work and homework, then the student earns a passing grade (a D) but it just wasn’t as high as the grade someone earned for doing 75% (C), 85% (B) or 95% (A) of the work.
The grade earned was the same as being paid for 10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours, 40 hours, or 60 hours of work in a week. It should be obvious that the person who only worked 10 hours a week would be paid much less than the one who worked 60 hours. Imagine the reaction if workers doing the same job saw that the one who only worked 10 hours a week was paid the same as the one who worked 60 hours.
To emphasize this, every semester for decades, I demonstrated that doing the work resulted in a grade. The more work completed, the higher that grade. I emphasized that a grade was not an indication of their ability but of only how hard they worked to learn what was taught in my class.
I took the actual grades of students—removing all student identification of course—and put it on an overhead in a chart comparing a wide range of students and grades to demonstrate that a student who turned in ten assignments out of forty only earned enough points for a 25% failing grade compared to a student who turned in and earned credit for 100% of the work and earned an A+ or a student who turned in enough work to earned 75% of the total points who earned a C. That chart had all forty assignments on it with each grade for each student in its own column. It was so easy to see why students earned failing grades because most of the squares for each assignment were empty or had not earned full credit meaning the assignment had been incomplete.
The point was to show my students that the grade had nothing to do with how smart they were but how hard they worked and that included doing the work right. Turning in work riddled with errors and/or incomplete that did not follow the directions of the assignment that was linked to the lesson taught did not earn credit. Those assignments were returned to be done over correctly.
And for late bloomers who were failing and then woke up and decided to starting working, about a quarter to a third of the grade could be earned from challenging extra credit assignments that were mostly linked to reading books the students could pick on their own from the library. Book reports in my class were not a summary of the book. Those reports were linked to the same literary skills being taught out of the class lit text book and focused on characterization, theme, plot and conflict. Some of the first lessons I taught each year taught student all about the different aspects of characterization, conflict, plots and themes. They were taught how to recognize aspects of character by the way the charters dealt with the conflicts that came their way and from there how to identify themes.
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Ah, social Darwinism as a rationale for a crappy system of education. I get it. Of course, I’m nearly 65 and have been “schooled” like all Americans to accept such thinking without question. “It’s a tough world out there, so let’s ensure that you learn that no later than age 5.” And blah, blah, blah.
How about turning that thinking inside out? If we force kids to compete with one another for (perceived) limited resources, they will be inured to thinking of one another as colleagues, teammates, or, ahem, comrades. They will dance to the tunes played by the masters, first in school, then at work. Give a few of them a few more crumbs, give them the illusion of a little bit of power, and watch them turn on the rest. Teach the rest that if they deserved more, they’d have it, so the fact that they have less proves that they don’t deserve more.
That’s a short version of a much longer analysis of an insidious system. We’re all taught to believe that it is manifest destiny, divine will, the great chain of being, ad nauseam. But some of us, even those who are successful at the game of school, somehow manage to question the assumptions and doubt the game. Even some of us who become trustees in the concentration camps (i.e., teachers) or guards (administrators) start to doubt that the system is in the best interests of all or most or even many children. Or in ours.
What’s oddly wonderful about the current situation is that the evil is becoming manifest to a lot more people. Parents, kids, teachers, administrators, and even policy makers and historians of education have begun to awaken to the twisted nature of the system and what it does to people, particularly innocent children.
Of course, it’s far easier to rationalize and justify the system. That’s what’s supposed to happen, what teachers in particular are supposed to do, even as they are getting screwed on a regular basis and increasingly often.
Or you can start to challenge the authenticity of the entire rotten enterprise. Duane has been addressing it. I have been doing so in other venues for decades. Why exactly it is incumbent upon public schools and teachers to sort children in term of letter and/or numerical grades is one of the unasked and unanswered questions of public education. Where is this written, exactly? And, of course, cui bono? It isn’t kids. It isn’t humanity as a whole. It sure as hell isn’t the poor, the disadvantaged, the disenfranchised, the “other.” None of us has to play the game blindly or do the dirty work of the powerful as if we were really doing good. We need not buy into our own fairy tales about dedicated teachers and lazy, worthless kids in which, in the end, the wicked (kids) are punished (with failing grades and/or retention) by the noble pedagogues. The arrogance and the resentment towards children I’ve heard from many teachers over the last 5 decades should be a huge clue that the system is broken, inhumane, and dehumanizing. There are choices to be made. For my money, buying into the nonsense of rank ordering and trying to quantify children is a wrong one.
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Are you talking about the high stakes standardized testing or students doing the classwork and earning points for the work they complete?
There is a big difference. Earning credit for doing classwork, and home work is equal to being paid to work and earn a living.
Do you suggest we pay everyone the exact same amount of money for an hour of labor—the janitor pushing a broom and emptying trash cans should be paid the exact same amount the rocket scientist is paid to design the rocket that will carry the first men to Mars?
The janitor is a high school drop out and the scientist earned a PhD in MIT. If it were possible, I would advocate paying children for doing the work. Finish an essay that does what the prompt asks of the writer, and earn fifty bucks.
Back in the 1980s when i was still teaching in an intermediate school I had a student who earned $100 for every A on her report card. She earned straight A’s on every report card and she earned those straight A’s by doing all the work that leads to learning. She was motivated. She arrived early enough to see her teachers before schools started, and would make appointments to meet at lunch or after schools to make sure she understood the work.
All we have to do is convince the tea party to let us raise taxes high enough to have the money avoidable to replace grades with dollars. Pull that off, and I can support that.
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@ Lloyd:
merit pay for kids? Really?
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Paying kids for the grades they earn is an idea that might be older than the false logic behind no grades at all that I think came out of the hydra that was the false sense of self esteem movement that swept America decades ago and then went to work wrecking an entire generation.
I think that the reason there are still vestiges of the no grade movement is because some individuals can’t give up on their idealistic ideas—like pure socialism or communism that claims we should all be paid the exact same amount of money even if we don’t work.
The same reason why pure socialism fails is the same reason why going to a no grade system will fail. Pure socialism is just as flawed as libertarianism and the neo-liberal Milton Friedman theory of economics that’s driving the privatization movement in public education and other public sectors.
I see nothing wrong with a social safety net like Social Security and Medicare but pure socialism is as flawed as libertarianism and privatization, and the no grade theory is just as bad because it ignores the truth that humans are competitive. We compete for mates, we compete for jobs, we compete in the marketplace. Even when we buy a home, we often have to compete with other buyers who want the same home.
For instance, doctors are rated based on their success rate just as lawyers, salesman and jockeys are rated based on their number of wins.
The flawed logic behind no grades, if extended, could then take away our right to be able to see the record of a doctor or lawyer. Everyone would be treated equal at every step of life and to do that, the track record of every worker in every profession would have to be hidden.
One of the most valuable reasons for grades is because those grades reveal the individuals who work the hardest—a good work ethic. For instance, the girl who wanted out of the reading labs and special ed class i mentioned in another comment in this post worked hard to get out and her grades revealed that effort. Would she even try if she saw kids who did nothing getting the same credit she did for doing all the work?
In addition, one of the primary reasons many employers prefer college graduates over someone who just graduated from high school is because going through college revealed someone who is dedicated, disciplined and icapable of working hard. A grade point average does the same thing and without grades, there is no GPA.
When our daughter was in third grade, I told her that learning was her responsibly—not the teacher’s—and her grades revealed the effort she was making to learn what was being taught in her classes. I told her that even having an incompetent teacher was no excuse because learning could take place even in a classroom with an incompetent teacher. I also told her that test scores from standardized tests were not an indication of how hard one worked because the laziest student could score high on a bubble test by accident just by gambling and guessing right—or cheating. It arguable even though it’s possible to cheat on classwork by copying another student, cheating on all the classwork would end up being harder than doing it for yourself. I’m sure that it is much easier to cheat on a bubble test than to cheat on an essay.
I told her that each teacher will have different expectations and a different method of grading. her job, besides doing all the work and asking questions when confused was to figure out how the teacher grades and then she’d know what it takes to earn an A in that class. That same skill extended to college where grades are the norm.
We also left off the TV at home except for a few hours on Friday or Sunday night with parental choice of what was watched—most of it was educational. The only recreation she had after finishing her homework was to read for fun and she devoured books.
Our daughter graduated from high school as a scholar athlete with a 4.65 GPA, a below average SAT score and she was accepted to Stanford where she graduated last June. Earning straight A’s starting in 3rd grade through HS graduation and never earning any grade lower than an A was evidence that she was a hard worker even if she was a poor test taker. And many colleges look at GPA’s as part of the selection process along with SAT scores and a student essay, etc. She did earn some B’s at Stanford.
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“This crippling of individuals I consider the worst evil of capitalism. Our whole educational system suffers from this evil. An exaggerated competitive attitude is inculcated into the student, who is trained to worship acquisitive success as a preparation for his future career.”
-Albert Einstein
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“an exaggerated competitive attitude is inculcated into the student”
I’m not quite sure what you are trying to say using Einstein’s quote, but when every student can earn an A+ just by cooperating, doing the work, and asking for help, that isn’t competition unless a teacher sets up a grading system on a bell curve—sort of like the standardized high stakes tests that have a preset fail rate set at 70%.
But I never used the bell curve to cut off students and fail them as if it were a race. In my class, every student could have earned an A or a passing grade. In fact, one of the English classes I taught (out of the more than a hundred that I taught over thirty years) did just that and not one student failed. In addition, I taught one section of journalism for seven years and none of those 200+ students failed. There was no race. There was no bell curve. There was no cut off that doomed students to fail. In that journalism class almost all the grades were A’s or B’s and maybe one or two C’s during those seven years. The very few journalism students who didn’t work were dropped from the class without a grade or penalty.
Competition is a race where one or two runners out of dozens or hundreds crosses the finish line first.
Every child has a choice to learn, but if they choose not to learn by not doing the work, then the grade they earn is more like earning a wage for work done. If you don’t work, you don’t get paid or you get paid for the work you did and the students who worked harder than anyone else were paid the most.
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“If you don’t work, you don’t get paid or you get paid for the work you did and the students who worked harder than anyone else were paid the most.”
And so you fully buy into one of the fundamental assumptions of capitalism, and that goes far in explaining your thinking on these issues.
You’re not a kid, Lloyd: you’ve NEVER considered in your lifetime that the might be any other way to do things that might work? That might be more equitable? That might challenge the convenient assumptions of the ruling class?
I guess not. Of course, that’s your prerogative, but you seem incredulous that some of us have given this a lot of thought and found other options to accepting the status quo as it was handed to us as children and as adult professionals.
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Even hunter gathers—long before cities and modern civilization were invented—had to work to eat. That work was the effort it took to go out and hunt for meat.
It is a waste of time to debate what could have been. If you think you are going to change the world we live in today, because you don’t approve of what it has become, you are fooling yourself.
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Great, Lloyd. I appreciate the (ancient, prehistory) lesson. But we’re a bit past that stage in civilization last I checked, and as any oligarch can tell you.
As for changing the world, I agree that those who believe it’s unchangeable will never change it. But please don’t include me in that sorry number. I wonder what you see as the aim of education (yes, a conscious Alfred North Whitehead reference), if not in part to bring about meaningful, progressive change in the world that decreases suffering and increases happiness for more people. Just shoveling logs into the furnaces of capitalism? Feh.
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In addition, every time some idiot came along and attempted to change the way things were to create a so-called promised paradise where everything would work better, a lot of people have suffered and died and almost every time a tyrant has emerged to make it a lot worse.
The only person on this earth we have any semblance of control over is ourselves and no one else.
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Paradise? Where did I even vaguely hint at such a notion? Please don’t start putting words in my mouth, Lloyd. It’s unbecoming and your words don’t seem to reflect much in common with my thoughts. You think I’m advocating revolution here? Do you figure that at nearly 65 I’m plotting to be the next Stalin? Or even Lenin? I just want to see a little fairness in the world, and it starts with how we treat children. So yes, we can only control ourselves (and that only sometimes) and I suggest that teachers and parents start by assessing and reassessing how they treat children and why they do so the way they do. That might lead to a lot of much-needed therapy, a paradigm that you should be able to accept in the context of controlling one’s own actions/behaviors. No overthrow of any government required.
But then you find yourself having to confront a sadistic system that corrupts the meaning of learning and kills the joy and curiosity in innocent children. How do you rationalizae that, Lloyd? Do you call it “tough love”?
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The Einstein quotation gets it exactly right. The only thing he could have added is that the competition is artificially created via false scarcity of resources (in the most general sense, including jobs, goods, emotional approval, etc.)
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Grading and the four letter “F” word!
Your an effin FAILURE, FAIL you no good student, FAIL, FAIL FAIL. I, the almighty teacher, have judged you to be a FAILURE, because I have godlike capabilities in entering your feeble FAILING brain and detecting just how much of a FAILURE you are. Begone, thy FAILING student, begone!
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But… we have to call some kids failures. Otherwise, how will we know who won school?
(sarcasm)
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In my classes a failing grade meant the student didn’t do enough work to pass. What happens to a worker who only does 20% of the work he is expected to do for an entire year? Will the boss keep that worker who doesn’t work 80% of the time or fire him?
Teaching children that work means to work gets them ready for their first job.
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1) I don’t accept the metaphor of school as a job and kids as workers. Are you upset that we don’t still have child labor so you want to substitute school for the factories and mines of the “good old days”? No thanks.
2) I don’t accept the assumption that the only viable structure for humans is boss-underling. Further, what if someone is – for any of several reasons – unable to “produce” as much as someone else? Is that person not entitled to a decent income and standard of living? Obviously not, in the capitalist model of human relations. We’re all just meat owned by the bosses who can pay as little as they can get away with, determine who is “worthy” and who isn’t, and if for ANY reason at all, you’re deemed less worthy, then you can scrape by, or perhaps starve, and certainly you have no right to expect to live well.
Unless you happen to be born wealthy. Then, all bets are off. You never have to do a day’s work in your life and no one, least of all some apologist for capitalism, gets to challenge your right to live high on the hog or question whether the capital you spend to keep yourself in style was effectively earned or effectively stolen from the sweat of others’ labor.
When your model accounts for those who don’t have to measure up because of accidents of birth, good connections, or even well-concealed criminal activity (including legal theft from the majority of us), I’ll entertain your questions about those “lazy louts” who don’t work or don’t work hard enough and hence don’t “deserve” a decent standard of living.
As for kids and learning, if a child has no motivation to learn, is that a moral issue or a more complex social and psychological one? Humans are born curious and eager to learn. School and parenting and a twisted culture often combine insidiously to kill that curiosity before or during school-age years. That’s far more troubling than the occasion “lazy” kid who, despite no apparent reasons for so doing, just “doesn’t care to learn.”
Finally, for those here who have shared anecdotes about the kid who was unmotivated until you or someone scared the crap out of him/her and then suddenly s/he became Super Student: what about all the kids who didn’t respond quite so wonderfully? Any alternative strategies for reaching them, or do we just sweep those “losers” under the rug?
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“In my classes a failing grade meant the student didn’t do enough work to pass.”
See what this says? To pass your class, I must do a certain “quantity” of your work. Not only that, but I am evaluated under the painfully illogical assumption that my effort in your class is the effort I would put into a future job, and that I should be punished now for what I might or might not do in the future. Perhaps we should move beyond the notion that students are indistinguishable factory workers, and that they will care about their future job just as much as they care about your particular class.
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I think I have been sucked into the vacuum created by two fools. I’m done with this thread.
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Try to stay classy, Lloyd. I bet you didn’t tolerate that sort of name-calling in your classroom. As for the number of “fools” creating that vacuum of which you speak, I count far more than two people rather strongly disagreeing with you and the status quo you support. And none are hurling epithets at you. So perhaps withdrawing in a huff is simply an acknowledgement that you have no argument.
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There is some unwritten assumption that a teacher must be all things to all students all the time. But, many students do not come to school ready to learn. They come with a host of social, emotional, and behavioral challenges that are REAL! These needs not only have an impact on their own learning, but often become a disruption for other student’s learning.
Addressing these challenges goes beyond the scope of a teachers training and job description. And while many teachers are brilliant at building positive and trusting relationships, every teacher can’t address every issue that every student brings to their class.
I have students who come to school ready to learn with pencils, notebooks, homework done, and a parent or two at home who supports me, and values their child’s education. I also have students who come to school without the basic social skills to move from one side of the class to the other without getting into a fight. And I have many students who lie in between these two extremes.
You can’t simply say to a student you are staying in the fourth grade until you are proficient at a fourth grade level, unless you are willing to address that whole child, whose needs are not merely academic!
Schools are not designed, or resourced to do that, so they are overwhelmed by the sheer volume of students in desperate need.
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Good point: the schools are overwhelmed by the sheer volume of students in desperate need. You want teachers to fix all these kids? OK, we’ll do that when the UN, the State Department and the EU fix all the dysfunctional countries in the world.
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It is the same old story o racking up hollow credits and appeasing administrators and parents and students with a D-. This jis why a school must have exit exams in as many subjects as possible. I give comprehensive final exams -with essays- in all my history classes but always feel some annoyance at students who feel that with a C average they can fail the final and still get a D. These are the “D-Daredevils”; they do as little as possible and get zeros for two three weeks in a row and their highest ambition is to get the lowest D possible. Of course, sometimes they do not succeed. In my experience teachers try to avoid the heat by only failing the most egregious cases. The difference, there for between an A student and a D is often geometric. The problem of inflation is really critical when A and B students who graduate cannot pass their first year in junior college. I give few A’s. But those students who have A’s have shown excellence according to the curriculm standards we have set. Of course, even the students who get F’s have no real fear. They know the generous American system will always have a remedial program (much lower standards) where they CAN get a D- and achieve hollow credits. These remedial programs are in “work force” programs or in alternative schools. I have had more than one student desperate to transfer back to a normal high school. She said, “Mr. Munro, everyone was so LAZY and SO DUMB. We never wrote. We never did any essays or reports. It scared me to be in such a dumb program. I got an A so easily but I knew I wasn’t learning anything. So I kept quiet and got out as soon as I could.” These are the Mameluke classes of the lower levels of the public schools; pay is collected but the charges remain ignorant and benighted and incapable to work, to think and to fight just like the Mamelukes of old. They exist the Mameluke classes but that is about all. The entire affair is an exercise in waste and appeasement. The only answer is to put non-academic students into a program of vocational education while encouraging them, in the future, to consider Junior College and the Adult School. Some persons do not understand education nor really want it. The only way to make them want is expose to the travail of life. Oftimes mature students finally get it. They have to know something or they are doomed. Our nation had better wake up also. Either we know something and know what we believe in and know what is worth fighting for or we are doomed also.
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I am reminded of the sudden effort my small group of middle school students with learning disabilities began making when they thought LAUSD would actually begin keeping eighth grade students who did not have enough credits from going to high school. That in turn reminded me of when a few of my wanna be criminal students talked about straightening up. They were under the impression the cops were really going to be on them. I learned why a few weeks later when police in Rampart Division were arrested for framing gang members. The word had gotten out about what the police might do to you.. Once the police were up for trial, my students relaxed into their former criminal ways. LOL
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yea…having a standard and holding to it is near to impossible if the larger systems, communities, and social contexts are dysfunctional. High needs schools exist in worlds whose norms are severely skewed.
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The whole concept of grading students is garbage left over from an unenlightened age. Within the next decade, people are going to start seeing the issues with the grading system, in the same way they have become infuriated with the massive flaws of high-stakes standardized testing. If you are an activist and you really care about students, it’s best to realize that grades are no less damaging to our entire education system than the tests and the racism and the profiteering. No less damaging. Briefly study motivation (Kohn) and you’ll see why. People will complain about inflation all the way to the end of the grading era, because the real problem is with the idea that we can, across millions of students, sum them up accurately with a simple number or letter, and properly motivate them by vacuous threats and certificates.
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