Laura H. Chapman is a consultant on arts education who contributes frequently to the blog. Here is her response to the Common Core standards:
Rather than simply “correcting” the inadequate Common Core standards, they should be reconstructed and redesigned from the ground up.”
NO. No. No. They should be tossed–folded, stapled, mutilated, burned. They are based on lies about “college readiness,” and they are based on lies about “careers.” They are based on lies about being “state led.” They are based on lies about “international benchmarking.” They are based on phony baloney ideas about “text complexity,” and a one-size-fits-all notion of grade-to-grade “learning progressions” and on-time “mastery” right out of a factory model of education–no child left behind on the assembly line.
These standards are the production of Bill Gates, Inc…., aided by for-hire workers and federal appointees in USDE who are so dumb they think standards do not have implications for curriculum.
The process of generating the 1,620 standards (including parts a-e) was so uncoordinated that nobody seems to have noticed that the only topic in math taught at every grade is geometry, with not an ounce of supporting rationale for that emphasis.
Prior to grade three the standards in English Language Arts (ELA) and math are off-the-charts wrong-headed, free of any this basic understanding: No one can simply reverse engineer back to childhood what someone may earnestly hope kids will “know and be able to do,” if they graduate from high school. Education is not an engineering problem. It is not the same as training.
These standards are intended to suck the vitality out of instruction in all other subjects, including the sciences, arts, and humanities. All are now subordinate to and are treated as if they must be “aligned” with the Common Core. Non-sense. Should be the other way around so students have a reason to read and calculate–content and problems and unknowns in these broad domains of inquiry. The CCSS distract attention from the historic mission of sustaining a democracy through education centrally concerned with informed citizenship, leaning what life offers and may require beyond getting a job and going to college.
Teachers and kids have been drowning in a sea of standards since 1997 with the “Goals 2000″ project on behalf of world-class standards, K-12. Standards were written in 14 domains of study, 24 subjects, then parsed into 259 standards, and 4100 grade-level benchmarks. Some scholars at McRel guessed it might take 22 years to address them all. And, of course, they were not coordinated or fact-checked–(I found some strange and wondrous errors and emphases, like a zillion history standards).
Right now in Ohio, counting the CCSS, we have 3,203 standards on the books, about 265 per grade. We also have “accountability year” that runs from pretest “data” reporting by November 1 to posttest “data” reporting by mid April so the “evaluators of the data” can be delivered well-organized reports from every teacher.
The typical school year is no longer 180 days, 36 weeks, 9 months. It has been severely truncated by the practice of data mongering, and time stolen for testing and test-prep.
Now add some insult to injury by DARING to define “effective” teaching as the production of “a year’s worth of growth;” by suppressing the fact that “growth” is a pretest to posttest gain in test scores. The concept of “a year’s worth of growth is one of many statistical fictions teachers are dealing with. Many of the others are a by-product of an extraordinary marketing campaign to install the CCSS in every school.
The CCSS is a profit-making bonanza. yesterday at OfficeMAx I had the opportunity to buy a grade-level set of the CCSS, $20 per grade, boxed and formatted for a teacher’s use to appease the principals and other evaluators who will have their checklists to see whether you have posted the “expected learnings” for the ELA and math standards. These poster-like cards of the CCSS are plasticized for durability and coded with the CCSS numbering system for easy data-entry on the accountability spreadsheets that each teacher will need to “populate” with data.
Just say no to the CCSS and the whole bundle of “worst practices” it has spawned.

It’s as if we are midway through a Twilight Zone episode about someone who believes everything can be solved through accountability, regardless of who you are holding accountable for what.
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And unfortunately in involves very intense and elaborate audience participation.
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Hello- Is there a way for me to contact you directly (via email)? Or is this the best way? I have a link that I’d like to send you about a parent organization in New Orleans. I am legitimate. I’ve been an educator for fifteen years, and also taught down in New Orleans for a year. I’ve been a faithful follower of your blog for a long time. Just let me know. Thanks, Anne Clune cluneanne@gmail.com
Our greatness lies not so much in being able to remake the world as being able to remake ourselves. – Mahatma Gandhi
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Anne Clune, send information here.
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What an insightful analysis!
“…’accountability year’ …runs from pretest “data” reporting by November 1 to posttest “data” reporting by mid April”
Companies don’t expect a year’s growth in 5 1/2 months, but the business model in education imposes that on our nation’s children and teachers.
This is thoroughly disgusting.
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Cross-posted at http://www.opednews.com/Quicklink/Laura-H-Chapman-on-the-Co-in-Best_Web_OpEds-Common-Core_Ideas_LIES_Learning-140814-900.html
with this comment:
Once again, as a teacher of 40 years who began in 1963 with a real core set of OBJECTIVES, which I was obligated to meet, for each and every child in my class. I chose the curricula, like the doctor chooses the best course for each patient. I chose what I loved and what I knew from a great education, would be interesting and informative. I enabled my students to compare and contrast, to hypothesize and predict and to synthesize. I was trusted to facilitate reelection and to MOTIVATE THE CHILDREN.
n 1998 I was the NYS Educator of Excellence, (NYSEC)
http://www.opednews.com/author/author40790.html
and I had been the cohort for the Pew-funded National Standards third level research (out of Harvard) on the Principles of Learning… NOT TEACHING… real standards for facilitating LEARNING that have DISAPPEARED, REPLACED by this phony-balony core curriculum POOP!
In 1999 I was harassed out of education at the pinnacle of my success by every measure, and charged with INCOMPETENCE.
Breaking tenure was a lawless process, now being enacted into law since the Vergara decision, so voice like mine, those of THE PROFESSIONAL PEDAGOGUE, would be silenced, and the snake oil salesmen could sell the magic elixirs, where no evidence was required.
http://www.opednews.com/articles/Magic-Elixir-No-Evidence-by-Susan-Lee-Schwartz-130312-433.html
The Common Core is the latest to Bamboozle the public.
http://www.opednews.com/articles/BAMBOOZLE-THEM-where-tea-by-Susan-Lee-Schwartz-110524-511.html
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Preach on, sister!
What gets me is how so many very smart people cannot see Common Core for the total crock it is, even after you explain it to them.
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look at how hard it is to explain to the public what ‘tenure’ actually means. “Confused About Where To Stand On Teacher Tenure? So Is The Rest Of America”
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/12/teachers-unions-yougov-poll_n_5669090.html
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CCSS was created by greedy, immature, self absorbed people with delusional thinking who have turned education into an Orwellian Circus!
Allowing CCSS crap to continue can only mean that American mainstream society has become so dissociated and dumbed down from cultural indoctrination by trashy tv, mean politicians, poverty, violence, greedy corporations, delusional religious groups, and racial hatred, that no one can notice our decline into madness.
I keep hoping that one state will step up and become a leader and throw out CCSS and establish their own state system with authentic teaching such as Montessori or the Denmark model. Does anyone have a guess which state might be so bold!
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Since North Dakota is the only state in the union with the guts to say “No” to Wall Street, maybe it will also be the first to say no to the privatization of public schools through charters which is more important than fighting the CCSS at this point. The CC fight is a ruse to distract from the real fight which is charter expansion to the point of public school collapse and government control of all schools through the new ESEA legislation. (HR 5 and S 1094)
Instead of money leaving the state and going to Wall Street, money stays in the state where it is lent out in the form of student and business loans with the profits being shared by the citizens of North Dakota instead of going into the pockets of private bankers in New York.
The Bank of North Dakota (BND) administers lending programs that promote agriculture, commerce and industry. Financing economic development is the thrust of Bank of North Dakota’s efforts. The Bank is authorized by the legislature to assist financial institutions in the state by providing lending programs with economic development opportunities. A portion of the Bank’s profits are returned to the citizens of North Dakota through legislative appropriation and economic development programs.
http://sandiegofreepress.org/2013/09/public-banking-the-antidote-to-wall-streets-domination-of-the-economy-part-3/#.U-zss6Pb4y4
Maybe officials in North Dakota actually want to listen to constituents.
http://bismarcktribune.com/news/local/education/officials-take-questions-on-common-core/article_5bb3a852-b623-11e3-8159-0019bb2963f4.html
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A big hint of what is disturbing about CCSS is how we are told to get into groups and “unpack” the standards at every single blasted training. Isn’t that a strong indication that the standards are poorly written and poorly conceived. I mustn’t forget the treasure hunts of verbs, and the admonishments that kids really do need to have basic keyboarding skills by 3rd grade because of the connection with the CCSS and the whatever state tests.
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It is a shame that the effort that went into trying to make good standards is being tossed out and degraded. This person from Ohio is only talking about what is happening to them in their school district in Ohio. Every state and every district in each state are having different experiences based on how the standards were incorporated at their individual department of education and then at their local district level. And so much of what people complain about is not part of the standards but is instead tied to the NCLB provisions (ESEA) and also to parts of the waiver. And Mr Gates? Even the standards writers themselves are not sure how his name keeps getting thrown in as part of the writing. His foundation was sent an RFP for funding which they chose to honor. That happens every day in every foundation. Let’s get back to focus on the learning and stop the “sky is falling” mentality. People are going to disagree about what is best but the children need us to focus on their education.
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Are you serious? Or just seriously misinformed? Gates was behind Common Core from the start:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-bill-gates-pulled-off-the-swift-common-core-revolution/2014/06/07/a830e32e-ec34-11e3-9f5c-9075d5508f0a_story.html
As for the “effort that went into trying to make good standards,” there was no such effort. There was an effort to create standards that are easily measured with standardized tests, thus enriching testing and curriculum companies, further promoting the crazy idea of educational standardization, and providing administrators with a cudgel for beating teachers.
The only thing you got right is including NCLB in your criticism. But here’s the thing: CCSS is just NCLB on steroids. They are cut from the same cloth. Basically, the reformy types are claiming that the only reason NCLB failed is because there wasn’t enough centralized control, so CCSS was designed to “fix” that.
What is happening in our schools is beyond sad. How can you possibly defend it?
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I can defend it because I disagree with you. The Chief Council of States Officers has even said that they sent a RFP to the Gates Foundation, as well as several other foundations, to get the initial funding to get the standards written. I am misinformed? Again, maybe I just disagree with your position. You state….”there was no such effort”? You were there? CCSS is not NCLB. That is part of the confusion for many people. Even if a state decides not to use the CCSS standards…which several states chose to submit their own…they still fall under the testing piece because the testing is under the ESEA and the waiver if they chose that. It depends on what choices each state made in the beginning.
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Do not think for a minute that the CCSSO is some innocent group of altruistic educators. You are entitled to your own opinion but you ignore the facts at your own peril.
On the Board of the CCSSO: (Michelle Rhee’s ex-husband…Kevin Huffman and then there is Chris Minnich who is a former employee of PEARSON.)
Kevin S. Huffman (born 1970 or 1971) is an American lawyer and education administrator who is currently the Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Education. He was appointed to the position by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam and has served since April 2011.[1] Previously he had held a senior management position in Teach for America and had worked as an attorney specializing in education
THE COUNCIL OF CHIEF STATE SCHOOL OFFICERS (CCSSO)
Who they are? According to their website, “The Council of Chief State School Officers is a nonpartisan, nationwide, nonprofit organization of public officials who head departments of elementary and secondary education in the states, the District of Columbia, the Department of Defense Education Activity, and five U.S. extra-state jurisdictions.
CCSSO provides leadership,advocacy, and technical assistance on major educational issues. The Council seeks member consensus on major educational issues and expresses their views to civic and professional organizations, federal agencies, Congress, and the public.”
Key donors and players:
CCSSO Executive Director is Chris Minnich, President is Mitchell Chester, Massachusetts. The President-elect is Terry Holiday, Kentucky and Past-President Thomas R.Luna, Idaho.
NOTE: Chris Minnich is a former employee of PEARSON.
Corporate Partners include (but are not limited to):
AdvancED
American Institutes for Research(AIR)
Data Recognition Corporation
ETS (part of Pearson)
McGraw-Hill Education
Microsoft
Pearson Education/ACT (part of Pearson)
Apple
Intel Corporation
K12 Inc. (part of Pearson)
Measured Progress
Wireless Generation
Cisco
The College Board
See complete list of funders here.
A WORD ABOUT MCKINSEY AND COMPANY
This global management firm promotes the idea of “big data” as a means of global management and profit building. David Coleman, key architect of the Common Core, Sir Michael Barber,Chief Education Advisor to Pearson, and Lou Gertsner, co-founder of Achieve ALL have worked for McKinsey and Co.
CCSSO is proposing partnerships with McKinsey and Co. to take over management of Common Core and PARCC in several states after 2015.
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Thank you for all the facts you offered. It is this kind of conversation that draws me here. Diane’s post starts the conversation and the ensuing commentary fleshes out the truth.
Thanks again.
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So “you were there”?
Right, and corporations are our friends.
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The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) are the outcome of a long-standing effort to position education as the key to our nation’s superiority and economic competitiveness (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983). SImple solution: Raise the bar, demand higher standards. The premise is misleading and the solution is simple-minded.
One account of the origin of the CCSS can be found in the 2008 report issued by Achieve and the Education Trust: “Making College and Career Readiness the Mission for High Schools: A Guide for State Policy makers.” This report includes commentary on the origin of the Common Core State Standards: “In 2001, we came together to launch the American Diploma Project (ADP), along with the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation and the National Alliance of Business. The goal of ADP was to identify the skills and knowledge required for success after high school and use those to help high schools reset and anchor their K-12 goals and standards. In 2004, we published ‘Ready or Not: Creating a High School Diploma That Counts,’ which found that all students, whether they are heading to college or embarking on a meaningful career, need the same rigorous academic foundation. We also identified a series of policies states could enact to increase the chances that students would be taught and would learn those essentials” (p. 7).
In 2008, the National Governors Association, Council of Chief State School Officers, and Achieve enlisted an advisory group to amp up PR for the Common Core. This report, Benchmarking for Success: Ensuring U.S. Students Receive a World-class Education (2008) was published with support of the GE Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. These reports, like the CCSS, advance a simple “theory of action:” Revive the old two-track system of moving students into college preparation or vocational education, but with a new spin; namely, a single set of standards for college prep and entry into workforce training.
The whole architecture for the CCSS is built on exaggerated claims about the necessity of these standards for “college and career readiness.” The Standards are supposed to be aligned with college and work expectations, but there is no recognition that: (a) criteria for entry into post-secondary programs differ according to the career one may pursue (e.g., plumbing, pre-med, music, or architecture) and (b) criteria for entry differ for highly selective universities, community colleges, trade schools, and on–the-job training.
Being on track for college and a career at every grade is a different version of No Child Left Behind…with a lot less wiggle room because all 1,620 of the CCSS are candidates for the new on-line, multi-state tests in 2014-2015. Meanwhile, studies in other subjects have become subservient to, and constrained by, the requirements of the Common Core State Standards.
The spill-over from The American Diploma Project into the Common Core State Standards extends to research intended to show that requirements for entry into “careers” and “college” are the same. The research in support of this “common core” was not peer-reviewed. It drew on interviews and surveys from a convenience sample of persons in five American Diploma states who were in higher education and in 22 occupational roles.
The CCSS are based on the assumption that the class of 2028, next year’s kindergartners. at least those who survive the hurdles placed in front of them by the writers and funders of the CCSS will be ready for college and for entry into careers of that era. Predicting labor markets that far out is a folly. Not even the US Department of Labor goes beyond ten years and corrects projections very three years.
Meanwhile the students who are caught in the middle of the CCSS rollout and tests cannot be “back-mapped” nearly as easily as the writers can conjure what they should have learned before they are tested now, midstream of a what should be called a grand and expensive folly. It is a folly that spurned the wisdom of experienced teachers for a cockamamy idea that kids and teachers have more responsibility for the economy than Congress and Wall Street. And this brief history does not even touch on the big financial stakes for testing companies and for the tech industries and publishers who want one-size fits all standards for their own reasons.
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>The CCSS are based on the assumption that the class of 2028, next year’s kindergartners. at least those who survive the hurdles placed in front of them by the writers and funders of the CCSS will be ready for college and for entry into careers of that era. Predicting labor markets that far out is a folly.<
This point highlights one of the most egregious aspects of the CC standards: they are Cast in Concrete. Immutable. Fixed. Forever.
They can never be changed, adjusted, moved, altered, adapted, or improved. This fact alone should make even the most ardent supporter think twice.
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An, so you didn’t even bother following the link I provided and reading the WaPo story, did you? Nice.
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Regarding CCSS, NGA, CCSSO, Gates Foundtion and much more, nothing brings it all together better than:
A), Mercedes K. Schneider, A CHRONICLE OF ECHOES (2014); and the author’s blog—
B), Link: http://deutsch29.wordpress.com
😎
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Hi “just a mom”
Of course, everyone entitles to his/her opinion. According to Annie Lennox, in her song “Sweet Dreams are made of” from the band Eurythmics, you might hear:
Who am I to disagree?
I travel the world and the seven seas
Everybody’s looking for something
Some of them want to use you
Some of them want to get used by you
Some of them want to abuse you
Some of them want to be abused
The rich want to use, and abuse the poor, but only the ignorant, uneducated, and brainwashed want to be used and abused by the con artist or conditional and greedy philanthropist.
In this platform, the majority is educators with many years (20, 30, 40…) of experiences. These benevolent teachers are in this educational field for the humanity, and civilization of their beloved country.
Please be honest to your soul and tell me what do you expect the very least of the protection from the constitutional marriage after 3 years or 30 years that you put/contribute for the welfare of your marriage?
Would you be happy to retire without income because your partner misused all of your saving? Would you accept your children to become a modern slave who works for greedy philanthropist without benefit?
In the same token, all of educators in this platform refuse to let their employer to misuse their hard earning contribution in their retirement saving. Also, they fight back the bad intention of all greedy philanthropists in manufacturing their young students’ mind becoming robots = modern slaves.
If you want to cultivate and update your knowledge, please repeat this mantra
“You want to be a philanthropist? Donate your billions with no strings attached. ”
“If not…don’t give anything. Stay out of the way. And let real educators work with what little they are given.” Most of all, we do not want you experiment on our children.
I hope that you accept my amicable idea and think it over in order to guide your children on the happy path in the future. Back2basic
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Wow…and the fact that the 50 states had 50 different levels of standards and students who did well in their states with their state standards were going off to college and arriving only to find out that their state standards got them placed in remedial classes has no bearing on our education today? Or the fact that our PISA scores show our students not competitive in the world and NAEP scores flatlined for many states. If you have a better idea…bring it on….but some people seem too busy complaining to come in with a vision. And in the meantime…another class of students graduates from high school not ready to take on the world.
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Just a Mom, you have a very low opinion of not only our schools, but our nation. Please order and read any books by Yong Zhao. Our biggest problem as a nation is that we tolerate the highest rate of child poverty of any advanced nation in the world. The surest predictor of test scores is family income, not standards or tests.
Want solutions? Read my last book, Reign of Error.
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At Oped News, where I write, ttp://www.opednews.com/author/author40790.html
I link to posts about education with the lead 50/15,580, because it is this mismosh of views and rules that make it so easy for “THEM” to dismantle public education. I often say, that only in the profession of education can the rules be re-written and the wheel be constantly re-invented, and nothing that has gone before, no real cognitive science or evidence or research is ever used as a baseline.
Take the real (yes Duane) National Standards.
I have said it here, and to Diane and to Randi herself: What happened to the Pew funded (zillions to 12 districts across the nation) national standards research, created to study the THESIS of Dr. Lauren RESNICK , at Harvard, called “THE 8 PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING”; I
f I had not been the cohort in NYC for this amazing research, I would not know it existed.
IT HAS VANISHED! NYC district 2 got tens of millions for this research… POOF!
IT WAS WRITTEN UP IN THE “AMERICAN EDUCATOR”.
They proved that in high an flow functioning schools, across the spectrum of student abilities that LEARNING OCCURRED when certain things were in place. Period. Do this … and the kids learn.
THIS WAS THE NEW STANDARDS DURING THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION!
FIRST, ONE HAS TO RECOGNIZE LEARNING… IN the workshops, FROM DAY ONE, led by the LRDC (Univ. of Pittsburgh’s Ph’d staff development arm) the question ‘what does learning look like?’ was the focus; the evidence of learning and the indicators that the principles were in play, were the focus in the 2 years that they led workshops in district 2. They studied the schools, and filmed my practice to discover my secret of success and match me to the indicators for each principle
In one year—the seventh grade for the entire school- all my students learned to take meaning from text, and make meaning in their written work, acing every city test, winning every city and national competition and being accepted to top high schools. Parents were ecstatic. There were 40 kids for every seat in our school, and in my class… READ THE LAST LINE IN THIS POST.
Here they are. Compare this to the GATES NONSENSE:
Four rubrics were for teachers, and four were for principals (administration).
Teachers were expected to
* be expert in the content, and proficient in the methodology, possessing the credentials and licenses that are evidence of this.
* CLEAR EXPECTATIONS to students AND PARENTS— from day one— were essential , and were found in all successful practice.
* Rewards for Achievement …ditto
* Genuine assessment and authentic evaluation in order to plan lessons. (dont’ya love the language…words like genuine, and authentic) for the purposes OF THE TEACHER so as to be able to plan to meet the needs of all LEARNERS.
And, for the administration TO SUPPORT THE CLASSROOM PRACTICE:
* A CLEAN, QUIET, SAFE ENVIRONMENT.
* MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY PROVIDED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE GRADE AND CLASS
* ORGANIZATION: PROGRAMS THAT KEEP THE SCHOOL SITE FUNCTIONING, ETC AND THAT ENHANCE LEARNING
* THE HIRING OF QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS AND STAFF.
Do you see testing anywhere, or nonsense about evaluating teachers????
As a reward for my participation I was the recipient of the “NYS Educator of Excellence” award (NYSEC). My work toured the country, as I was one of six teachers nationally, whom were studied that had created a unique curricula (yes TEACHERS create the curricula to meet state objectives for age and subject) and my work toured the country and were presented at staff development seminars. I had a book offer… AND in NYC where top- down management were waiting to end tenure and rid themselves of the voices who would say, NO, to anti-learning test prep curricula, I was a target.
Not long after that prestigious award and despite another entry in “Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers” (in 2000… my fourth) I was charged with INCOMPETENCE… after a bogus ‘verdict’ of corporal punishment’ was abandoned because I filed a lawsuit… when the union looked the other way.
PS: THAT “just a mom’, is how ‘just a great teacher’ was lost, and it is why tenure is CRUCIAL TO KEEP EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONALS LIKE ME.
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First of all the PISA rankings are not a legitimate assessment of our education system in comparison to other country’s systems. We have more impoverished students taking the test. Second, students from other countries that do well on these tests do not end up innovating anything in the “global marketplace.” As Professor Yong Zhao puts it, China has not produced even one Steve Jobs. The U.S. files more patents than any of these other countries. This argument that our students are so unprepared for the world is a lie..
How about looking at economic policies of the U.S. and admitting that it is the world that is not prepared to allow our students to flourish? Repealing the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999 which encouraged the cheating practices of Wall Street to crash the economy in 2008 was a stupid move on the part of congress and Clinton. Not re-instating the Glass-Steagall Act yet has been a stupid move on the part of Bush and Obama and congress. Quantitative easing to the tune of $85 billion a month is decimating our dollar. Allowing the “Green Movement” to stop innovation and productivity, shut down power plants and inhibit growth is stupid.
The U.S. is home to some of the most creative minds on this planet because our Constitution encourages and protects individual rights. That freedom is what allows our students to think outside the box and invent new things. Being a good test-taker never will produce innovation. The freedom to try something and fail and fail and fail and keeping trying something else is what allows innovation. The Common Core and its need for data and computerized assessment and computerized grading of tests is a monumental mistake. It will not produce entrepreneurs.
This is how University of Oregon professor Yong Zhao explains his views on testing students. He thinks that public schools in Oregon are testing the wrong things and that new Common Core standards take schools in the wrong direction. Zhao says what schools should be focused on is creativity and innovation and on a curriculum that encourages entrepreneurship, broadly defined.
http://www.opb.org/radio/programs/thinkoutloud/segment/professor-yong-zhao-on-how-to-educate-globally-competitive-students/
Socioeconomic inequality among U.S. students skews international comparisons of test scores, finds a new report released today by the Stanford Graduate School of Education and the Economic Policy Institute. When differences in countries’ social class compositions are adequately taken into account, the performance of U.S. students in relation to students in other countries improves markedly.
http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/january/test-scores-ranking-011513.html
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Laura Chapman is one of the most distinguished educators I know. I appreciateher comments very much.
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