Voters in Arizona voted overwhelmingly against voucher expansion in a state referendum in 2018, but Republican Governor Doug Ducey and the Republican legislature expanded them anyway. The pro-voucher campaign was funded by Charles Koch and Betsy DeVos.
The financial blow to the state has been devastating. As in every other state, most vouchers are used by private and religious school students from affluent families.
ProPublica writes here about the voucher disaster in Arizona:
In 2022, Arizona pioneered the largest school voucher program in the history of education. Under a new law, any parent in the state, no matter how affluent, could get a taxpayer-funded voucher worth up to tens of thousands of dollars to spend on private school tuition, extracurricular programs or homeschooling supplies.
In just the past two years, nearly a dozen states have enacted sweeping voucher programs similar to Arizona’s Empowerment Scholarship Account system, with many using it as a model.
Yet in a lesson for these other states, Arizona’s voucher experiment has since precipitated a budget meltdown. The state this year faced a $1.4 billion budget shortfall, much of which was a result of the new voucher spending, according to the Grand Canyon Institute, a local nonpartisan fiscal and economic policy think tank. Last fiscal year alone, the price tag of universal vouchers in Arizona skyrocketed from an original official estimate of just under $65 million to roughly $332 million, the Grand Canyon analysis found; another $429 million in costs is expected this year.
As a result of all this unexpected spending, alongside some recent revenue losses, Arizona is now having to make deep cuts to a wide swath of critical state programs and projects, the pain of which will be felt by average Arizonans who may or may not have school-aged children.
Among the funding slashed: $333 million for water infrastructure projects, in a state where water scarcity will shape the future, and tens of millions of dollars for highway expansions and repairs in congested areas of one of the nation’s fastest-growing metropolises — Phoenix and its suburbs. Also nixed were improvements to the air conditioning in state prisons, where temperatures can soar above 100 degrees. Arizona’s community colleges, too, are seeing their budgets cut by $54 million.
Still, Arizona-style universal school voucher programs — available to all, including the wealthiest parents — continue to sweep the nation, from Florida to Utah.
In Florida, one lawmaker pointed out last year that Arizona’s program seemed to be having a negative budgetary impact. “This is what Arizona did not anticipate,” said Florida Democratic Rep. Robin Bartleman, during a floor debate. “What is our backup plan to fill that budget hole?”
Her concern was minimized by her Republican colleagues, and Florida’s transformational voucher legislation soon passed.
Advocates for Arizona’s universal voucher initiative had originally said that it wouldn’t cost the public — and might even save taxpayers money. The Goldwater Institute, a conservative think tank that helped craft the state’s 2022 voucher bill, claimed in its promotional materialsat the time that the vouchers would “save taxpayers thousands per student, millions statewide.” Families that received the new cash, the institute said, would be educating their kids “for less than it would cost taxpayers if they were in the public school system.”
But as it turns out, the parents most likely to apply for these vouchers are the ones who were already sending their kids to private school or homeschooling. They use the dollars to subsidize what they were already paying for.
The result is new money coming out of the state budget. After all, the public wasn’t paying for private school kids’ tuition before…
Arizona doesn’t have a comprehensive tally of how many private schoolers and homeschoolers are out there, so it remains an open question how much higher the cost of vouchers could go and therefore how much cash should be kept on hand to fund them. The director of the state’s nonpartisan Joint Legislative Budget Committee told lawmakers that “we’ve never really faced that circumstance before where you’ve got this requirement” — that anyone can get a voucher — “but it isn’t funded.”
Most importantly, said Beth Lewis, executive director of the public-school-advocacy group Save Our Schools Arizona, only a small amount of the new spending on private schools and homeschooling is going toward poor children, which means that already-extreme educational inequality in Arizona is being exacerbated. The state is 49th in the country in per-pupil public school funding, and as a result, year after year, district schools in lower-income areas are plagued by some of the nation’s worst staffing ratios and largest class sizes.
Spending hundreds of millions of dollars on vouchers to help kids who are already going to private school keep going to private school won’t just sink the budget, Lewis said. It’s funding that’s not going to the public schools, keeping them from becoming what they could and should be.
Diane Ravitch's blog 
Heck of a job, vouchers
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Wow… This is a lesson I hope my state of Tennessee won’t have to learn. Our Republican governor is upset that his voucher plan didn’t pass the state legislature, so now we have all this outside money and advertisements (such as those sponsored by the so-called “School Freedom Fund”) attacking other Republicans who voted against vouchers. Many of these attack ads discuss things other than education itself.
They’re trying to use the phrase “educational freedom” to describe parents having “choice” as if the proposed voucher ($7,200 per student) would make the difference for “all” students. In looking at a few of the schools in my area, this money ($7,200) would be applied to tuitions costing anywhere from $18,000 to $36,000 per year. Vouchers are (mis)represented to us as if they’d make it possible for the “poor” kid to afford tuition, but it’s obvious this is not so. Yet, in looking at the size of those schools’ student bodies, each of these schools would be taking millions of dollars if every one of their students received a $7,200 voucher.
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J. Nashville,
In every state with vouchers, the vast majority are used by kids who never went to public school. In other words, they subsidize the tuition of well-off families.
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J. Nashville– Studies done in the few states that have long had sizable voucher programs show that 90+% voucher-receiving schools are little small-c christian schools with tuition more than covered by voucher. I’ll bet you have such schools in TN, too (& more will pop up if voucher-promoters succeed).
A year or two ago, when FL passed its expanded voucher program, I browsed through a [not exhaustive] list of 500 FL private schools. 2/3 of them were small-c little christian schools. There were also Catholic schools whose K-8 programs were just about covered completely by voucher (Catholic high schools around $3k more per head). But the FL voucher covered only about 1/2 – 2/3 of PreK/K/primary Montessori, Emilio whatsisname & the like.
Meanwhile, though, Florida Policy Institute estimated the 1st yr alone [this year ’23-’24] would cost FL taxpayers +$4 billion– half! ($2 billion) of which would go to those families who were already sending kids to private schools on their own dime.
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bethree5 – That’s all very interesting. It’s just like Dr. Ravitch mentioned here; those who would receive vouchers are already sending their children to private schools.
Unlike the Catholic schools you mentioned, tuition is far more expensive than $3k at Catholic High Schools in Nashville.
Father Ryan High School
$25,415 (9-12)
Pope John Paul II Preparatory School
$19,850 (High School)
Our leaders here would have use believe that school choice (via vouchers) is a “civil rights issue.” That’s ridiculous of course. I’ve listed tuition amounts for the private schools in the part of town where I live, and none of them would be covered by the proposed voucher amount in Tennessee ($7,200). There’s no way this helps “poor” families afford these amounts, yet our leaders would have us believe otherwise.
Ensworth School
$30,310 (K-5)
$36,880 (6-8)
$40,240 (9-12)
Harding Academy
$18,000 (Pre-K)
$25,330 (K-5)
$28,270 (6-8)
Harpeth Hall (all girls)
$36,240 (5-8)
$36,750 (9-12)
Montgomery Bell Academy (all boys)
$37,250 (7-12)
Nashville Christian School
$13,216 – $15,315 (K-12)
Overbook Catholic School:
17,315 (K-6)
St. Anne Catholic School:
$13,750 (K-8)
St. Cecilia Academy (Catholic – all girls):
$19,900 Jr. High
$22,800 High School
St. Henry Catholic School:
$8,589 (K-8)
St. Matthew Catholic School:
$11,790 (K-8)
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Great info, JN. Shows the lie in the expression “school choice.” If TN ever passes vouchers, it will just be a chunky discount for the well-to-do courtesy of taxpayers.
My FL search is obviously out of date. At that point, the small-c Christian primary schools were charging $3k-$5k, Catholic K-8 ave $8k (hischs $11k). Betcha at this point the little christian primaries have doubled+ tuition to capture all that voucher $.
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