Wendy Lecker, civil rights attorney, notes that the release of Common Core test scores proved the adage that the tests measure family income.
“Decades of testing evidence show that the only stable correlation that exists, whether it is the CMTs or the SATs and likely the SBACs, is between test scores and wealth. Researchers such as Sean Reardon at Stanford note that wealthy parents not only can provide basic stability, nutrition and health care for their children, but also tutoring and enrichment that gives affluent children an edge over poorer children.
“The wealth advantage extends beyond test scores. Two studies, by St. Louis Federal Reserve and by the Boston Federal Reserve, demonstrate that family wealth is a determining factor in life success. The St. Louis report, published in August, revealed a racial wealth gap among college graduates. A college degree does not protect African-Americans and Latinos from economic crises as it does for whites and Asians. Employment discrimination figures into the disparity, but a major role is played by family wealth. Without a safety net of family assets, graduates of color must make more risky loan and other financial decisions. Last year’s Boston Fed study noted that wealthy high school drop-outs stay in the top economic rung as often as poor college graduates remain in the bottom economic rung. As a Washington Post article put it, rich kids who do everything wrong are better off than poor kids who do everything right. These reports, coupled with the fact that most job openings in the United States are for low-skilled workers, expose the uncomfortable truth that education is not the great equalizer.”
Instead of providing poor kids with smaller classes and other supports, we spend billions on testing.
“Education reformers deflect attention from the supports poor kids need and tell us that all kids have to do is develop some “grit” to succeed. In his best-selling book, “How Children Succeed,” Paul Tough claims there is “no antipoverty tool we can provide for disadvantaged young people that will be more valuable than the character strengths” like grit. Connecticut policy makers are trying to develop tests to measure the degree of “grit” our kids have. We are even told that if students have enough “grit” to get high test scores, our economy will be more competitive….
“Robber-baron education reformers such as Gates fight to protect their wealth to pass on their success to their children. For other people’s children their message is clear, as teacher/blogger Joe Bower remarked: “Let ’em eat grit.””

Exactly right, thanks for posting Wendy Lecker’s analysis. Standardized testing measures the family wealth of the student taking the tests, even though some from low-income households will score highly, the outliers and exceptions who get creamed off for upward mobility. In 1973, Christopher Jencks published his famous study “Inequality” where he said that if we depend on education as the means to achieve social equality, progress would be “glacial”(his metaphor). Instead, Jencks proposed a much stronger policy remedy to overcome social inequality–an incomes policy–that is, equalize incomes, because wealth and income were the strongest factors influencing school success and career success after. That advice emerged in the 1970s and was overwhelmed by Nixon’s campaign for “career education” and then the declaration of a bogus “Literacy Crisis” in 1975, which captured ed. policy for that period.
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“All men are created equal.” We know this to be more of an ideal than a reality. In our current climate of “survival of the fittest, ” we know that the middle class and wealthy young people will fall on a cushion, but the poor will hit the sidewalk hard. Our current preoccupation with American individualism is a smokescreen from conservatives that want us to believe that by ignoring poverty, we are actually helping poor people become self realized entrepreneurs. Really? The harsh reality is they are more likely that they will wind up in jail or on the streets. If we can provide them with access to meaningful education, this is less likely to happen.
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It looks like one of the best ways to improve test scores has nothing to do with schools or teachers or curriculum. We could just raise the minimum wage some and go back to giving some people welfare payments. If we increase the wealth and income of the bottom 20% of our society, test scores would go up considerably.
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I worry about it because it ripples. The benefits of growing up middle class are much more subtle than “oligarchs v poor people” or “wealthy suburban v below the povert line”. It’s things like 10k from your parents to buy your first house. There will be fewer and fewer of those transfers and they make all the difference in the world. If they don’t stop the slide out of the middle class it will ripple for 50 years and really poor people will suffer most, because they’re the most vulnerable to economic slide.
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I don’t think Our Leaders are plugged in enough to consider the connection between wages and families. I watched a forum with 3 former US Treasury Secretaries. It was moderated by the CEO of Facebook. The only mention they made of wages – income – was 1 of them thinks someone somewhere should raise the minimum wage. The rest of them all adopt the ed reform line on “education” as the magic bullet.
This is bigger than education. It’s a profound disconnect on “the real” economy. There’s no context, no recognition that people live in families and families rise or fall on wages.
I don’t think it helps that they all go from government to really high-paying private sector jobs, incidentally. It just isolates them more
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NEW WORLD ORDER via NAFTA, TPP, and GERM. The greedy want to own the entire planet. And they’re succeeding quite well with the help of our corrupt politicians disguised as some kind of savior. This savior mentality (STARDOM) is ridiculous and thinly veiled by double talk.
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You are correct, the international “free trade” deals are set up to make public education private and for-profit. Almost all public sector activity is viewed as tax-supported, subsidized, anti-competitive, and a barrier to free trade. I don’t see much outrage in the US. Recent “free trade” agreements include services, including educational services.
Some British Columbia faculty raised red flags about this some time ago. Services also include public health workers, CPAs, lawyers, M.D.s. Foreign corporations have used free trade agreements to attack regulations on the sale of tobacco, undermine policies intended to limit pollution, rules that protect water supplies, and freedoms that allow labor to negotiate wages.
Basically a company that is based in one of the countries that signed the agreement can sue for damages if they want to set up a business in another participating country and the government in their destination country has regulations, rules, that impede “free trade.”
Disputes are settled in a “world court” totally undermining national sovereignty. In the following report from Public Citizen, a watchdog organization, pay attention to who has sued who over what and the “secrecy” in working the most recent agreement. http://www.citizen.org/documents/tpp-investment-leak-2015-release.pdf
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Lecker’s analysis clearly articulates and restates the relationships between family income, educational success and job success that this blog’s posters ascribe. Restating the findings of Jenck’s seminal 1973 y(es, 1973!) study, she points to the deep, long term effects of income on educational attainment.
The Jenck’s study was, I think, not widely read, understood, or agreed with by educators, policy makers or legislators: it went against both traditional liberal notions of the importance of education and suggested policies that reeked of income redistribution: Jenck’s is (was) a Socialist. Bernie Sanders truly understands the work of Jencks: he is not a traditional liberal; and his proposed solutions to education and social problems are not hamstrung by traditional liberal policy limitations.
Only in the recent past, with the institution of education deformer policies, and practices, have educators begun to grasp and live the effects of these policies on public schools, educators, students, parents and communities: these effects are grave injustices. We see the growth of the anti deformer movement in the wonderful growth of the opt out movement and other forms of direct resistance to the hegemony of deformer practices. Our job is to do the hard work of organizing our fellow rank and file educators, creating active alliances with parents and working to vote the deformers out of office and community by community turn back the deformers from destroying the public schools and engendering a permanent student underclass and by extension a permanent 1 %.
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“Connecticut policy makers are trying to develop tests to measure the degree of “grit” our kids have. We are even told that if students have enough “grit” to get high test scores, our economy will be more competitive….”
Martin West (Fordham Institute and Education Next) already reported to NAEP (David Driscoll) on how they measured Boston students on “grit”. There have been comments on this study before; it went directly from West’s outfit to NAEP board and that is one reason you see it coming up on the next round of NAEP exams. Grit is personality theory — it is just that — theory (and only one of several theories)…. It belongs in the psych lab not in the public schools. It is just a new version of the Horatio Alger myth that you have bootstraps ….. This is a ruthless brand of educational psychology and educational philosophy.
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“. . . on how they measured Boston students on “grit”.”
No they didn’t measure grit unless they were talking about sandpaper grit size.
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“Psychometrics”
Psychometrics
Favored traits
Psycho rhet’ricks
Norman Bates
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entangling alliances of the robber barons: Martin West Martin West is Associate Professor of Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, Deputy Director of the Harvard Kennedy School’s Program on Education Policy and Governance, and Executive Editor of Education Next, a journal of opinion and research on education policy.
His research examines the effects of education policy choices on student achievement and non- cognitive skills, as well as the politics of American education. His current projects include a federally-funded randomized trial of the use of interim assessment data to improve instruction and studies of the causal effect of grade retention on educational attainment, charter school impacts on cognitive and non-cognitive skills, and the views of teachers and the general public on education policy.
West is currently on leave to work as Senior Education Policy Advisor to the ranking member of the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. He has also taught at Brown University and served as a research fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, where he is now a Non-resident Senior Fellow. A 1998 graduate of Williams College, he received his M.Phil. in Economic and Social History from Oxford University in 2000 and his Ph.D. in Government and Social Policy from Harvard in 2006.
affiliates: Petrilli , Checkers, Andy Smarick, David Driscoll (NAEP), Schumpeter Peterson (Harvard’s economics guru) ……
There were many comments on this study back about a year ago; West submitted it as “not to b e quoted” and “blue sky” and david driscoll made sure the NAEP acted on it.
it’s time to fight back
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From Diane:
“Wendy Lecker, civil rights attorney, notes that the release of Common Core test scores proved the adage that the tests measure family income.”
From Ira Shore:
“Standardized testing measures the family wealth of the student taking the tests. . .
NO, NO, NO!!
The tests do not “measure” wealth or family income. The scores correlate not measure.
To correlate (from MW online):
1: either of two things so related that one directly implies or is complementary to the other
2: a phenomenon that accompanies another phenomenon, is usually parallel to it, and is related in some way to it
To measure (from MW online):
transitive verb
1a : to choose or control with cautious restraint : regulate
b : to regulate by a standard : govern
2: to allot or apportion in measured amounts
3: to lay off by making measurements
4: to ascertain the measurements of
5: to estimate or appraise by a criterion
6: archaic : to travel over : traverse
7: to serve as a means of measuring
intransitive verb
1: to take or make a measurement
2: to have a specified measurement
Note that Diane’s “the tests measure family income” and Ira’s “Standardized testing measures the family wealth” correspond to usage #7 of the transitive verb form.
But the tests are not income/wealth measuring devices. The test makers claim that they “measure” other very poorly defined attributes (construct validity issues) of the test takers and even then the test makers are wrong because they do not “measure” anything as they are not measuring devices as there is no defined standard, no standard measuring device nor any calibration of that supposed measuring device. Now those test supposedly assess something and that assessment is used in supposedly evaluating an attribute of the test taker. And those assessment devices and the resulting evaluations have been shown by Noel Wilson to be COMPLETELY INVALID. Ay ay ay ay ay!
SO NO!, the tests do not measure wealth/family income they correlate together in the sense of both 1 & 2 of the definition of correlate.
Folks,
We’ve got to stop using the inappropriate words/terminology as that only serves to reinforce the meme of the “teaching and learning process can be measured” which serves, I contend, the unconstitutional status quo of rewarding/privileging some students while punishing/denying others their constitutional right to an education that provides for “A general diffusion of knowledge and intelligence being essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people, the general assembly shall establish and maintain free public schools for the gratuitous instruction of all persons in this state within ages not in excess of twenty-one years as prescribed by law.” (MO Constitution Article 9, Section 1a).
And what if what the law prescribes, for example standardized testing, is discriminatory, and that is exactly what standardized testing does, discriminates through an inherent characteristic-mental capabilities-no different than discrimination by race, gender and/or sexual orientation then the law and the government itself has failed in its duties as described in the Missouri Constitution Bill of Rights Article 1:
“Section 2. That all constitutional government is intended to promote the general welfare of the people; that all persons have a natural right to life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness and the enjoyment of the gains of their own industry; that all persons are created equal and are entitled to equal rights and opportunity under the law; that to give security to these things is the principal office of government, and that when government does not confer this security, it fails in its chief design.”
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for the record, I said this in my column: “Decades of testing evidence show that the only stable correlation that exists, whether it is the CMTs or the SATs and likely the SBACs, is between test scores and wealth”
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Thanks for that clarification, Wendy!
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Wendy,
Any thoughts on my take on the discrimination that occurs in standardized testing?
TIA,
Duane
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Do you believe that we needed a lecture from you? Was it necessary to trot out Noel Wilson for the upteenth time?
Save your lectures and snark for our enemies who deserve it: the ‘deformers’, pseudo pedagogues and privatizers. You go beyond your posting function and do yourself and your online colleagues, friends and acquaintances no favors when you enter the realm of lecture and snark.
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NO, not WE, YES for you!
YES!
I’m sorry (snark meant this time as there was no snark meant with the post) that you “just don’t get it” with the it being that word usage matters and that to use the term “measure” when one means and SHOULD USE “correlate” does not convey what the writers appear to want to say. Is it that hard for you to understand?!?!
Don’t read my posts if they are so beyond the pale for you! There I solved your problem. No hay de que.
(snark off now)
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Duane, I actually enjoy reading your posts most of the time. You can be quite funny. As I wrote the vast preponderance of posters to this blog are fighting the same enemies, Tthat was the real point of my post. The rest of my post was just plain ‘ol petty annoyance.
Go genlty over the waves..
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John: I don’t think a clarifying statement is equivalent to a lecture….
It would be useful to also see what is said by Professor Emeritus Ken Zeichner (he has written for AERA publications on teacher ed and his newest work is described here)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2015/09/02/the-misuse-of-research-to-support-deregulation-and-privatization-of-teacher-education/?postshare=9471441438558310
or, remind folks that other educational researchers came out this past week Gene Glass etc. (covered in Diane’s blog)
they are important in this discussion as is the article by N. Wilson (which many of the politicos and bureaucrats in the DESE have never studied or read at all.)….
Expand and explore, try not to attack or bully others….
We need to fight back!!! and if we are circling the wagons and shooting at each other it becomes impossible.
jeanhaverhill@aol.com
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First, Thanks for the accompanying citations (URLs).
Second: Of course, clarifications are exactly that; nothing more, nothing less; the intent is spelled out by the term.
Third: When I use the term “lecturing”, I refer to an unnecessarily, pedantic style, given the intended audience. Obviously, I write only for myself.
Fourth: Again, my post was not directed at yours. It was not directed at you. I wrote a follow up post, which I hope straightened things out
Fifth: Your posts are solid and insightful. It seems that you write from the perspective of Massachusetts, which I find helpful, as I, too, have a long history of working in Special Education in the Commonwealth in the ‘old’ DOE and in Local Education Agencies.
I hope we can now move on.
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If I say these tests are a “proxy” for wealth, does that bother you, John?
i am not being precise; it is “fuzzy” but I think some people will get — the message
jeanhaverhill@aol.com
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my response was not directed to you.
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here is another article; this one from Tucson—
http://www.tucsonweekly.com/TheRange/archives/2015/05/15/standardized-test-scores-and-family-income
jeanhaverhill@aol.com
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Duane, Ms. Lecker most certainly did imply that wealth was the cause of the high test scores. She said that the “only stable correlation that exists…is between test scores and wealth”. Then, she goes on to note that wealthy high school dropouts are better off than the educated children of the poor.
First, Lecker is flat-out wrong. Studies have always shown it is aptitude (IQ) underlying all these outcomes. After standardized testing began in earnest in the 1960’s, society became stratified by intelligence like it never had before. No more finding geniuses hidden in rural communities because the “Harvards” had given them full rides based on test scores. And intelligent couples meet in grad school or professional occupations and pair up having intelligent kids. This all was predicted by Murray (and others) 20+ years ago.
You see, Lecker and jeanhaverhill do nothing to refute my chart showing the wealthiest of one group underperform the poorest of another. That destroys their argument but they simply won’t confront it. If intelligence causes income differences then showing a map of income overlaid on a map of test scores only points out the obvious.
Joe Stoner points out how the richest counties are always rated as the best. The question is are they really the most effective or just rated “the best” because they have rich, intelligent kids with good scores. This is exactly why I sued for SGP data. What did I find? Well, it depends on the county (download the ppt to see the charts clearly). Even though I was secretly hoping that Fairfax County, VA wouldn’t be as mighty as everyone claimed, they were the best. Not just among the most affluent kids. Fairfax rated well in growth among lower-scoring kids. In other words, Fairfax taught their poorest kids more effectively than other districts. I put out tweets in Feb/Mar 2015 on both the highest overall effectiveness scores (median SGP for districts and schools) and the highest effectiveness scores for counties/schools with low overall test score averages. This is what Lloyd is always complaining about – teaching in a poor neighborhood and expecting great improvement. But Fairfax did that! So did Hampton City, Va, Mannass Park, Va and Roanoke County and Roanoke City, Va. All were among some of the lower scoring/rural/urban districts yet they clearly had more effective schools.
On the flip side, my county of Loudoun, Va claims it’s the “best of the best of the best” because per household income, we are one of the top 3 counties in the country. But our results are ho hum. We have good reading effectiveness but were about top-third in math even though my district leaders claim we always beat Fairfax (not true on apples-to-apples). But what’s worse, my new superintendent also came from an affluent district housing William and Mary University. York County, Va had very low reading growth (30’s out of ~45) and dropping every year. York also had dropping math growth (10th out of 45 to 20th out of 45 in 3 years). As soon as the superintendent brought his “project-based learning” mantra to Loudoun, York County’s SOL scores jumped at almost twice the rate as other counties and the state. York County has to be among the happiest counties in the state right now.
So we have the stars like Fairfax with high growth and scores. We have the failures with low growth and low scores. But we also have the underachievers like Loudoun and York who have high scores but lower growth. And then we have the miracle workers – most important of all. They achieve great growth despite having poor kids with low overall scores. This is why VAMs were designed in the first place. But I’m sure Lecker has no intention of ever addressing these points because she is too busy with her propaganda campaign.
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Not the least bit surprising.
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Duane, I would need some clarification from you first before I opine. We can take this offline. My email is wendylecker@aol.com
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.
According to Lecker, we can scrap racial affirmative action and simply implement preferences based on income. She asserts that it is income, not other factors, that affect performance on test scores. A professors would respectfully disagree.
But even worse, how does Wendy explain this chart? In fact, I’ll contribute $500 to the charity of Wendy’s choice (even the opt-out activists) if she can get the college board to release scores by both race and income as in this crosstab report. When you have the poorest in one group outperforming the wealthiest in another group (regardless of what those other “groups” are), it is clear that income is correlated with but NOT causal in determining test outcomes.
If somebody has data on IQ and income relative to test recent test outcomes, I’ll donate $1000. Aptitude drives these tests scores. Wealth is a result of aptitude (on average in large groups) and is only correlated with the test scores via this relationship. Next.
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“it is clear that income is correlated with but NOT causal in determining test outcomes.”
Yes and that is what Ms. Lecker has stated. She didn’t say anything about causation.
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Señor Swacker:
As you know, so much can get lost in translation.
For example, when you’re attempting to communicate in English and someone else uses Rheephormish with a dash of Lewis Carroll.
¿?
You know…
[start excerpt]
“When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less.’
’The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean so many different things.’
’The question is,’ said Humpty Dumpty, ‘which is to be master — that’s all.”
[end excerpt]
Apparently the man who thought he was the master isn’t the master of anything, including fairly and accurately recounting the POV of others.
To paraphrase that famous Mexican superhero of yesteryear, El Chapulín Colorado [The Red Grasshopper]: “Pretendió aprovecharse de nuestra nobleza.” [He tried to take advantage of our nobility.”]
Perhaps he would have thought better of his gaffe if he had remembered that old English proverb: “The best laid schemes o’ Mice an’ Men Gang aft agley.”
Then again, maybe Scottish poetry isn’t his, er, cup of tea either…
😎
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Did you know, that today, people can’t make a distinction between democrats and socialists? It’s true. There’s not one difference. Public education has become the sole creation of the left. And unfortunately, socialism has gotten it’s tentacles into the Republican party as well. We had charter schools, that for a number of years were out-performing public schools. The dept. of “uneducation” didn’t like those statistics. Now left leaning types and crony capitalists have all but destroyed that option. But I steadfastly refute the idea that “little r republicanism” is the problem. The education system has been used to manipulate the masses for the past 100 years. Don’t blame it on Republicans. Blame it on socialism and social engineering, social justice, and political correctness.
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Are you serious? LOL
Learn what socialism actually is before you trot out that Fox News / Bircher talking point bogeyman. And the DNC, Obama, amd the rest of the Democratic party power elite are more right-leaning than Richard Nixon and about as far as one can get from socialism.
The Republican Party has opposed public education as a form of welfare for the poor and people of color since its inception over a hundred years ago.
As to your assertion that the USDOE hides successful charter schools and prohibits them from expanding, are you smoking crack? The USDOE is populated with remnants of the Bush administration and TFA grads sponsored by conservative governors. They are the biggest charter cheerleaders this side of Joe Nathan.
No, it is definitely a two-party problem but you need to back away from the rightwing propganda machine. It has addled your brain and prevents you from thinking clearly.
You are entitled to your own opinions and political preferences but not your own facts. Lying in the service of ideology is offensive and wrong. Stop it!
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I know I’ve written this here before; the voucher-only programs will give a voucher for a year or two at the most (in small amounts) and then take it away because it is “welfare”…
The Republican Party has opposed public education as a form of welfare for the poor and people of color since its inception over a hundred years ago.
jeanhaverhill@aol.com
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“Did you know, that today, people can’t make a distinction between democrats and socialists? It’s true.”
Ay ay ay ay ay!
Tengo una playa bonita de arena blanca que queda a las orillas del océano para venderte por el Lago Ozarks en el centro del Missouri. Es verdad.
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“between democrats and socialists? ”
my nephew lives in London; when I say I am the only democrat in the family he says he is the only socialist.
These are my jokes to get a balance of some humor in this discussion….
it’s time to overcome the naming and divisions of “parties”….when these issues cut across right and left …. there are many more independents now registered in my state than ever before…
It’s very difficult to take a label and slap it onto a person ….. I had a Girl Scout leader who tried to get me to read the Ayn Rand books while she was watching Joe McCarthy on TV hearings and I think I learned a major lesson at a tender age….
But I’m saying the same things about students; don’t take a test score at grade 4 and “slap” it on his/her forehead; children are more than test scores… Every person has hopes, aspirations, values, morals, ethics, commitments that cannot be reduced to these silly labels (that’s why my nephew gets my jokes)
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We took a long look at the correlation between low income students and test scores in Illinois here: http://reportcards.dailyherald.com/lowincome/
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Absolutely agree. Look at US News and World Reports or Time’s best high schools. Every year, it’s the same ones: Westchester and Rockland in NY, Bucks Co in PA, Montgomery, Fairfax etc. Always they are the wealthiest communities. When you ask the writers, they say the same things: the number of IB and AP courses as well as Ivy league school accptances. I have always believed the best schools were the ones that succeeded against the odds. That’s where real education takes place. Teachers and administrators know this. The media is too lazy to do the research. If you read Outliers, Bill Gates’ parents bought his private school a computer in the 70s. How many parents in that era could have afforded to do either; send their kids to private school or to buy the school a computer? What a joke education measurement of this sort are.
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Joe is right : “Absolutely agree. Look at US News and World Reports or Time’s best high schools. Every year, it’s the same ones: Westchester and Rockland in NY, Bucks Co in PA, Montgomery, Fairfax etc. ”
And I think most of those in teacher education know that the rankings published by NCTQ are “phony” yet they get published in U.S.News ranking our colleges … Kate Walsh (compliments of Checkers, Petrilli , Smarick etc all of the Fordham Institute encouraging Kate Walsh to do this.)
But, of course real estate people love it; I’ve given the example here so many times — people who take out interest only mortgage on million dollar homes to buy into the most expensive real estate in Greater Boston.
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Hi Joe
I hope you’ll take a moment to look at the report I linked to above, because one of our motivations was to find under-reported schools that “beat the odds.”
We partnered with WBEZ to index every school in the state that reported elementary and high school scores, as far back as 2004.
Doing that allowed us to see how deeply stratified Illinois schools are by income.
This is something we’ll continue to do with the new PARCC scores coming out this Fall.
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If you want to see the new face of “dumb,” read this Slate article on the newly-released SAT scores, linked below:
http://www.slate.com/blogs/schooled/2015/09/04/sat_scores_more_diverse_group_of_kids_taking_the_college_board_test_but.html
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