Fake news was a problem during the election. Many people circulated stories that were untrue, not knowing that they were untrue. With the continuing decline of mainstream journalism, which typically tries to verify facts, the ubiquity of fake news is alarming.

Google and Facebook have promised to stop subsidizing fake news sites.

Mark Zuckerberg continued to insist that fake news did not change the outcome of the election, but Facebook acted nonetheless to cut off the source of funding for these sites.

“But such reassurances have buckled under mounting criticism. On late Monday, Zuckerberg acted, joining Google in taking the most serious steps yet to crack down on purveyors of phony stories by cutting off a critical source of funding — the ads that online platforms have long funneled to creators of popular content.

“The move has raised new questions about long-standing claims by Facebook, Google and other online platforms that they have little responsibility to exert editorial control over the news they deliver to billions of people, even when it includes outright lies, falsehoods or propaganda that could tilt elections.

“Such claims became increasingly unsustainable amid reports that News Feed and Trending Topics, two core Facebook products, had promoted a number of false, misleading and fantastical political stories, such as an article saying Pope Francis had endorsed Donald Trump, which was shared by over 100,000 users. There were “vote online” memes that assured Democrats in Pennsylvania that they could cast their ballots from home and a widely shared news release claiming Hillary Clinton’s health disqualified her from serving as president.

“Over the weekend, the No. 1 Google hit for the search “final election count” was an article from a little-known site claiming that Donald Trump had won the popular vote by 700,000 votes. (Clinton won the popular vote).

“Facebook, Google and other Web companies have sought to walk a fine line: They don’t want to get into the practice of hiring human editors, which they believe would make them vulnerable to criticisms of partisan bias and stray from their core business of building software. Yet outsiders, as well as some within Silicon Valley, are increasingly clamoring for technology giants to take a more active role in policing the spread of deceptive information.”

In a related story, the Oxford Dictionarieschose “post-truth” as the international word of the year, one among many new additions to the language. It beat out “alt-right.”

“The use of “post-truth” — defined as “relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief” — increased by 2,000 percent over last year, according to analysis of the Oxford English Corpus, which collects roughly 150 million words of spoken and written English from various sources each month.”